I-Biograge
UVera Maretskaya - umlingisi, onqobisa izinhliziyo zabasebenzi befilimu kanye ne-kheyeani. Ama-movie noMarezka Faith asasele abalandeli ngophawu lothando lobuciko, ukuzikhandla nokukholwa okumangazayo nokuphila, okuyisici salo mfazi onethalente.
UVera Petrovna wazalelwa edolobhaneni laseBarvikha, esesifundeni saseMoscow, Julayi 31, 1906. Ubaba wabalingisi besikhathi esizayo, uPeter Grigorieving, wasebenza e-Nikitin Circus Buffet.
Ukukholwa okuncane kanye nabafowethu nodadewethu ababili babevame ukuza ezisekelweni ukuzosiza uyise. Le ntombazane yathanda ukuchitha isikhathi esisekelweni: Usizo lwaludingeka kuphela ngesikhathi sokungenela, isikhathi sonke sokukholwa sasibangela izigcawu, sibuka eminye imisebenzi. Mhlawumbe iphupho lesigameko nesikrini sama-movie sahlala emphefumulweni kaMarezka osekuleso sikhathi. Kodwa-ke, amaphupho anjalo ayephikisana nombono wabazali bokholo uMaretsky umbono kaMaretsky: Labo abafuna ukunikeza ukholo nabafowethu nodadewethu imfundo ebaluleke kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, ukuvumela ingcindezi kababa noMama, uVera Petrovna waya ethatha izivivinyo eMoscow University eMnyangweni Wezesayensi Yefilosofi. Kepha iphupho lomsebenzi wokulibangela alishiyanga inhliziyo yakhe, futhi intombazane yafaka ngasese imibhalo yokwamukelwa ngasikhathi sinye kuma-studio amathathu azosebenza. Ukumangala Kwakhe uqobo, ama-maretskaya avumelane kahle nokuhlolwa kwesingeniso ngasikhathi sinye ngawo futhi ame esikoleni se-studio yeshashalazi ye-wahtang. Ifilosofi yekhono ayikaze ibone ukholo lwePetrovna ezindongeni zayo.
Amafilimu
Njengoba kwenzeka kaningi, indlela yomlingisi omncane esikrinini yaqala ngezinkundla zemidlalo. Ngo-1924, uYuri zavadsky, umlingisi we-WakhTangov Theatre, wasungula eyakhe isitudiyo seshashalazi. UVera Maretskaya, ngonyaka ofanayo aphothula i-Theatre Studio, wamukela isimemo seZavadsky ukuze sibe ngumlingisi wephrojekthi yakhe. I-biography esebenzayo yokholo eMaretskaya yaqala ngezindima eziyinkimbinkimbi zeminyaka. I-hypoclias esencane yakwazi kalula ukuveza amahlaya amadala kanye nama-matridge wamandla, ngokuhlakanipha impilo.
Umlingisi waqala ukuthola ukuthi, abaseshashalazini baqala ukuza enkundleni yemidlalo "eMaretsky", kwabalandeli bazama ukuthola isithombe sokholo eMaretsky ngamaqoqo abo. Kodwa-ke, kwakuyisiqalo nje. Ngokokuqala ngqa uVera Petrovna ofakwe inkanyezi e-cinema eminyakeni engu-19, ngo-1925. Uthole indima enesizotha kwifilimu "ucingo lwakhe", iDrama Yakov Protazanova. Ngawo lowo nyaka, i-Protazanov yamema uMaretsky endimeni esithombeni esithi "Sika eTorzhka". Intombazane ka-Naive katya, edlalwa ngukholo Petrovna, yanqoba izilaleli ngokulula nokuvuleleka kwakhe. Kusukela lapho, izimemo zomqondisi zihlala njalo.
Ifilimu lokholo uMaretskaya lagcwala kancane kancane: Kwaphela iminyaka emithathu, le ntombazane yasebenza kubasebenzi befilimu "Nginamahloni okuthi", "Isidumbu", kanye "nepayipi" Umqondisi Boris Barneta. Iqhaza elilandelayo elilandelayo liye kokholo lweMareTque ngo-1935.
Ekupekeni "Uthando nenzondo", okwamboza izehlakalo zango-1919, uVera Petrovna wadlala ummbila onamandla futhi okhanyayo, owayala abesifazane ukuthi bangene empini yokulwa nonogada abamhlophe. Kule filimu, isihloko sokwakhiwa kwamandla abesifazane wentando kanye nemvelo, okuyi-maretska ekwazile ukwembula imininingwane. Kusukela lapho, lesi sisusa sizolandelwa ngokusobala kwabenzi baso amafilimu.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi amaqiniso wesikhathi ngomqondo wangempela wegama aphoqa ukuthi abaqondisi badubule amafilimu aboshwe ngenkulumo-ze yamaKhomanisi, umlingisi wakwazi ukuvuselela imizwa nezithombe zabesifazane abajwayelekile balokho inkathi, ngenjabulo nosizi lwabo olunesizotha. Abathandwa kakhulu ngababukeli be "Generation of Wriners" kanye "neLungu Likahulumeni". Ngokufana nokudutshulwa kweMaretskaya kwaqhubeka nokusebenza enkundleni yemidlalo. Ithalente lakhe lanele kukho konke.
Ngo-1942, umlingisi wanikezwa umklomelo we-stalinist endimeni enkulu ekudlaleni "Nadezhda Durov". Iprimiyamu yesibili yesiteji yanikezwa ukholo lukaPetrovna lweqhaza le-praskovy lukyanova ku-movie "uvikela izwe lakubo." Ngaphezu kwezindima eziyinhloko, ama-Maretsky neziqephu zakhululwa, noma kunjalo, zakhunjulwa yizilaleli ziwumdlalo okhazimulayo we-Vera Petrovna - okuwukubonakala nje komlingisi esithombeni samahlaya "Umshado".
UDrama Mark DonSkoy obizwa ngokuthi "Uthisha Wezindawo Zasemakhaya" waba ngumenzi wefilimu wangempela Maretsky. Le filimu yangemva kwempi, itshela ngekusasa lothisha onesizotha, akazange ashiye abalandeli abangenandaba nabasoji noma abagxeki abadumile.
Umlingisi uqobo uzobe esekhumbula:
"Isimo sikaMaria uMaria Smirnova ngokwezimondlela esingajwayelekile sinikeze izinto ezinhle kakhulu zokudala okuhlanzekile, okumnene, okujwayelekile kweqiniso lesiRussia lesithombe sowesifazane ngokuzimisela kwakhe, ukushiywa kobungqabavu bempilo. ibhizinisi. "Le ndima yeVera Petrovna nayo imakwe ngumklomelo we-stalinist. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yakamuva, umlingisi ufanele ukuqondisisa izindima eziyinhloko kumafilimu "mama", "ucingo lwasebusuku" nelithi "impilo elula". Lezi kwakuyizindima zokugcina ze-maretsk. Ngokuzayo, uVera Petrovna wakhonza enkundleni yemidlalo ye-mossovet, eshiya lesi sehlakalo ngisho nokugula okubulalayo.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Kwathi kwenzeka ukuthi impilo yomuntu siqu yokholo eMaretsky yayixhunyaniswe ngokungalingani nomsebenzi wakhe. Umyeni wokuqala wokholo uMaretskaya Yuri zavadsky waba ngumqondisi wokuqala wabalingisi, uthisha wakhe unomphela. Lo mshado wanikeza ukholo lwendodana yaseMereTque u-Eugene.
Lapho umfana eneminyaka emine, umndeni wokudala wahlukana, kepha uVera Petrovna uyaqhubeka nokuxhumana nothando lwakhe lokuqala, obona ku-Vasadi Mentor nokusekelwa. Ukholo lwesibili oluthandekayo lukaPetrovna lwaphenduka umlingisi we-Georgy Troitsky.
Ohlelweni lobuchwepheshe, indoda ayizange ikhanye, kepha izingane zokholo eMametsk (kulo mshado, umlingisi wazala indodakazi uMaria) wayehlala engaphansi kokuqondisa kwakhe okubucayi. Ngeshwa, impi yabulala impilo kaZiqu-zintathu. Ngo-1943 washona. Ngemuva kwalokho, uVera Petrovna akasashadi.
Ukushona
Njengoba eshonelwe umyeni wakhe, umlingisi wazinika ngokuphelele emsebenzini. Emva kwesikhashana, lona wesifazane waqala ukuhlushwa ngenxa yekhanda elivama, kodwa akaze aphuthume ukuba axhumane nodokotela. Ozakwabo, Maretsk, bamphoqelele ukuba abhekane nocwaningo. Ukuxilongwa kwakungumusa: umdlavuza wobuchopho. I-Faith Petrovna ethambisa amaseshini we-chemotherapy, ngaphambi kokuqhubeka ukuphuma endaweni yesehlakalo. Abalingisi abahlali ngo-Agasti 17, 1978.
Imbangela yokufa kokholo eMaretskaya Odokotela bayobizwa ngokuthi umdlavuza, owesifazane alwa naye iminyaka eminingana. Ithuna Lokholo Maretskaya, eliseNovodevichy Cemetery eMoscow, kuseyindawo lapho abalandeli beTalent besifazane beletha khona izimbali. Indodakazi yokholo Maretskaya Maria Troitskaya yangena ezinyathelweni zikamama, ngibona umsebenzi, njengeVera Petrovna, sicela ubukeni bomdlalo e-cinema nasesiteji.
Izics
- Ngo-1925 - "Sika kusuka eTorzhka"
- 1927 - "Ucingo Lwakhe"
- 1928 - "House On The Pip"
- Ngo-1929 - "Isidumbu Live"
- Ngo-1935 - "Uthando Nenzondo"
- 1936 - ZORI Paris
- Ngo-1939 - "Ilungu Likahulumeni"
- 1941 - "I-ArtARAMON IBHIZINISI"
- Ngo-1943 - "Uvikela uMotherland"
- 1944 - "Umshado"
- 1947 - "Uthisha Wezindawo Zasemakhaya"
- 1955 - "Umama"
- 1956 - I-Polyshko-Field
- Ngo-1964 - "Impilo Ekhanyayo"
- Ngo-1969 - "Ukushaya Kwebusuku"