I-Biograge
Umberto Eco waziwa emhlabeni wonke njengomlobi, isazi sefilosofi, umcwaningi nothisha. Umphakathi uhlangane noco ngemuva kokukhishwa kwenoveli "i-rose igama" ngo-1980. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yomcwaningi wase-Italy kuyinqwaba yamaphepha esayensi, ama-Amell, izinganekwane, iziphambeko zefilosofi. Umberto Eco ohlelwe e-University of the Republic of San Marino, uMnyango Wezokucwaninga Ensimini Yezindaba. Umlobi wamiswa njengoMongameli wesikole esiphakeme sabantu eBologna University. Ubuye abe yilungu le-Academy of Letch Science.Ubuntwana nentsha
Edolobheni elincane lase-Alessandria, eduzane naseTurin, ngoJanuwari 5, 1932, umberto Eco wazalwa. Lapho-ke emndenini wakhe angikwazanga ngisho nokucabanga ngalokho umfana omncane angakuthola. Abazali bakaMberto babengabantu abajwayelekile. Ubaba wasebenza nge-accountant, wabamba iqhaza ezimpini eziningana. Ubaba umlletto wenzeka emndenini omkhulu. I-Eco yayivame ukukhumbula ukuthi ayikho imali ekhethekile emndenini, kodwa ukuphoqelelwa kwakhe kwezincwadi kwakungenamkhawulo. Ngakho-ke, wafika encwadini yamabhentshini futhi waqala ukufunda.
Ngemuva kokuba umniniyo amqhube, le ndoda yaya kwesinye isikhungo futhi yaqhubeka yajwayela le ncwadi. Ubaba ka-Eco wahlela ukunikeza indodana yakhe imfundo yezomthetho, kepha osemusha waphikisana. Umberto Eco waya e-University of Turin ngenhloso yokutadisha izincwadi nefilosofi yeNkathi Ephakathi. Ngo-1954, insizwa yathola iziqu ze-bachelor ngefilosofi. Ngesikhathi sezifundo zakhe e-University of Umberto edumele eSontweni LamaKatolika, futhi lokhu kumholela ekungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu.
Into yokufunda
Isikhathi eside, umberto eco wafundela "umbono wabahle", wavezwa kwifilosofi yangezikhathi zakudala. Imicabango kaMaster ichazwe emsebenzini 'wokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwama-aesthetics aphakathi nendawo', okwakubona ukukhanya ngo-1959. Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu, kwakhululwa umsebenzi omusha - "umsebenzi ovulekile". Umlleto utshela kuyo ukuthi eminye imisebenzi yayingaqedwanga ngababhali. Ngakho-ke, manje bangahunyushwa ngabafundi ngezindlela ezihlukile. Kwelinye iphuzu, eco waba nesifiso sesiko. Isikhathi eside wafunda amafomu ahlukahlukene, esukela "okuphezulu" nokuphela ngesiko labantu.
Usosayensi uthole lokho ePostmodern, le mingcele igcwele kakhulu. Umberto wathuthukisa lesi sihloko ngentshiseko. Emkhakheni wokutadisha umlobi, amahlaya, amakhathuni, izingoma, amafilimu anamuhla avele, ngisho namanoveli aphathelene neJames Bond.
Iminyaka eminingana, ifilosofi yefilosofi yafundela ngokucophelela ngokugxekwa kwemibhalo nama-aesthetics weNkathi Ephakathi. Imicabango yakhe umllerto eco eqoqwe emsebenzini owodwa, lapho ama-semiotic aqokomise khona umbono wakhe. Ingalandelelwa kweminye imibhalo ye-Master - "Indlela Yemithi Ejwayelekile", "Semiotic kanye neFilosofi Yezilimi". Kwezinye izinto, umlobi wagxeka ukwakheka. Indlela ye-Ontological ekufundweni kwesakhiwo, ngokusho kwe-ECO, ayilungile.
Emaphepheni esihlokweni se-semiotic, umcwaningi wakhuthaza ngenkuthalo imfundiso yamakhodi. Umlleto wayekholelwa ukuthi kwakukhona amakhodi angenakuphikiswa, ngokwesibonelo, izinhlamvu ze-Morse, ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-DNA ne-RNA, futhi kunokucasha okuyinkimbinkimbi ngokwesakhiwo solimi, isehlakalo. Ososayensi bathuthukele umbono wakhe ngokubaluleka kwezenhlalo. Kwakunguye owacabanga ukuthi kubalulekile, hhayi ngaso sonke isikhathi izimpawu zezimpawu zangempela.
Kamuva, umberto Eco waheha inkinga yokuhunyushwa, umbhali ahlolisiswe ngokucophelela amashumi eminyaka ambalwa. Ku-monograph "indima yomfundi", umcwaningi wadala umqondo omusha we- "Deal Reader."
Ukuchazwa kwalo mlobi wesikhathi ngokulandelayo: Lo ngumuntu okwaziyo ukuqonda ukuthi noma yimuphi umkhiqizo ungachazwa kaningi. Ekuqaleni kocwaningo, isazi sefilosofi sase-Italy sathambekela ekuhlukaniselweni okujwayelekile nasezincazelo zomhlaba wonke. Kamuva umbrto eco unezinto eziningi ukuheha "umlando omfushane" mayelana nezinhlobo ezithile zokuhlangenwe nakho. Ngokusho kombhali, imisebenzi iyakwazi ukulingisa umfundi.
Umlobi uRomanov Umberto Econo waba neminyaka engama-42. Indalo yokuqala ye-ECO ebizwa ngokuthi yi- "Rose Name". Uthando lwefilosofi nalomphetho lwaphenduka impilo yakhe: Umlobi wafunda umhlaba wonke. Zonke izenzo zomkhiqizo wenoveli zivela esigodlweni sezindela eziphakathi.
Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu, umberto ukhiphe incwadi encane "amanothi asemasimini" wegama le-rose ". Lolu uhlobo "olugcwele" inoveli yokuqala. Kulomsebenzi, umbhali ukhombisa ebudlelwaneni phakathi komfundi, umbhali kanye nencwadi uqobo. Iminyaka emihlanu yathatha umberto eco ukudala omunye umsebenzi - inoveli "Foucault's pendulum. Abafundi bajwayelana nencwadi ngo-1988. Umbhali wazama ukwenza ukuhlaziya okungafani kwabafundi besimanje, okungadala izilo, kufaka phakathi amaFascist ngenxa yengqondo yengqondo yengqondo. Isihloko esijabulisayo nesingajwayelekile sencwadi senze ukuthi kufanelekile, kuyajabulisa umphakathi.
Mayelana ne- "Fouco Pendulum" umbhali wakusho lokhu:
"Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi ngabhala inoveli enhle. Baphambame kakhulu, inoveli ngokuphelele. "Ngo-1994, idrama esuka enhliziyweni, ebangela isihawu, ukuqhosha neminye imizwa ejulile emiphefumulweni yabafundi yavela ngaphansi kwempaphe umberto eco. "Isiqhingi ese-Eva" sitshelwa ngomuntu osemusha ozulazulayo eFrance, e-Italy naseNingizimu Meas. Isenzo senzeka ngekhulu le-XVII. Ngokwesiko, ezincwadini zabo, u-Eco ubuza imibuzo emphakathi othokozisayo iminyaka eminingi. Kwelinye iphuzu, umberto Eco ushintshele izinkomba eziyizintandokazi - umlando nefilosofi. Ngaleyo ndlela, inoveli ye-adventure "Baudolino" yabhalwa, ivela ezitolo ezibhukwana ngonyaka ka-2000. Kuyo, umbhali utshela ukuthi ukuhanjiswa kwendodana kaFritrich Barbarossa kwahamba kanjani.
Inoveli emangalisayo "ilangabi eliyinqaba lemalimboleko yeTsaritsa" litshela nge-hero elahlekelwe yinkumbulo ngenxa yengozi. Umberto Eco wanquma ukwenza izinguquko ezincane esikufeni sabahlanganyeli bencwadi. Ngakho-ke, umlingisi ophambili akakhumbuli lutho ngezihlobo nabangane, kepha inkumbulo yokufunda izincwadi igcinwe. Le noveli yi-biography yomfundi ye-eco. Phakathi kwe-Romanov Umberto Eco - "Prague Cemetery". Ngonyaka kuphela ngemuva kokushicilelwa e-Italy, le ncwadi yavela emashalofini ezitolo zaseRussia. U-Elena Kostyukovich waphendula ngokuhunyushwa kwencwadi.
Umlobi wenoveli wavuma ukuthi ufuna ukwenza incwadi yokugcina. Kepha ngemuva kweminyaka emi-5 kuza kwenye - "Inombolo Zero". Le noveli kwakuwukuphothula kwe-biography ebhala yombhali. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi usosayensi weMberto Eco, umcwaningi, isazi sefilosofi. Kukhanya waphenduka umsebenzi wakhe wabizwa ngokuthi "ubuciko nobuhle kuma-aesthetics aphakathi nendawo." Isazi sefilosofi saqoqa izimfundiso zobuhle balesosikhathi, kufaka phakathi iThomas ye-aquinsky, uWilliam Okkam, aze akwenze futhi yakhelwe indatshana eyodwa emfushane. Nikeza i-ECO "Sesha ulimi oluphelele emasikweni aseYurophu" phakathi kwamaphepha esayensi.
Umberto Eco wafuna ukwazi okungaziwa, ngokuvamile afuna impendulo embuzweni wokuthi ubuhle buyini. Esikhathini ngasinye, ngokusho komcwaningi, kwakukhona izixazululo ezintsha kulo msebenzi. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngesikhathi esisodwa ukusika, okuphambene nencazelo yomqondo. Kwesinye isikhathi izikhundla zingqubuzana phakathi kwazo. Imicabango yesibalo sesayensi ivezwa ngokugqamile encwadini ethi "Ubuhle Umlando", oshicilelwe ngo-2004.
Akudingekile ukuyeka lapho ufunda kuphela uhlangothi oluphelele lwempilo. Isazi sefilosofi sinxusa ngengxenye engathandeki, emibi. Ukubhala incwadi ethi "Umlando Wokubi" wambamba umlobi. I-Eco yavuma ukuthi babhala ngobuhle futhi babonise okuningi futhi kaningi, nangokubi - no-Cha, ngakho-ke ngesikhathi sokucwaninga kombhali kwenza okutholakele okuningi okuthokozisayo nokujabulisayo. Umberto Eco akazange acabangele ubuhle nokulimala ngama-antipode. Isazi sefilosofi sasho ukuthi le yimiqondo ehlobene, umnyombo wayo akunakwenzeka ukuqondana.
UJames Bond ugqugquzelwe umberto eco, ngakho-ke umbhali onentshisekelo wafunda izinto ezisetshenziswayo ngalesi sihloko. Umbhali wamukelwa njengochwepheshe ebondlweni. Ezinyathelweni zocwaningo, ama-eco anyathelisa ayasebenza: "Isithandwa sabathandiweyo" kanye "nokwakhiwa okulandisayo kuFleming". Uhlu lobuciko bokubhala lomlobi kukhona izinganekwane. Emazweni akhuluma isiNgisi kanye nomlobi wendabuko u-Italy, lezi zindaba zathandwa. ERussia, izincwadi zazixhunywe ehlelweni olulodwa olubizwa nge- "Three Fairy Tales".
Kwi-biography yaseMberto Eco kukhona nemisebenzi yokufundisa. Umlobi wafundela ezinkulumweni zaseHarvard University ebudlelwaneni obunzima bokuphila kwangempela nokubhala, amaqhawe ezincwadi kanye nomlobi.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Umberto Eco washada noRenate Renate Renate. Abalingani bashada ngoSepthemba 1962.
Umfazi wombhali ungochwepheshe emkhakheni weMnyuziyamu kanye ne-ART Education. I-Eco neRamp bakhulisa izingane ezimbili - indodana nendodakazi.
Ukushona
FEBRUARY 19, 2016 Umberto Eco ushonile. Isazi sefilosofi sasineminyaka engama-84. Umcimbi obuhlungu wenzeka endaweni yokuhlala yombhali, eMilan. Imbangela yokufa ngumdlavuza we-pancreatic.Kwaphela iminyaka emibili, usosayensi walwa nalesi sifo. Umkhosi wokuvalelisa nge-Umberto Eco ehlelekile eMilan Castle SFRAZA.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1966 - "Ibhomu ne-General"
- Ngo-1966 - "Ama-Astronauts amathathu"
- 1980 - "Rose Name"
- 1983 - "Amanothi asemasimini" we-rose igama "
- 1988 - "Fouco Pendulum"
- 1992 - "Gnomes GNU"
- 1994 - "Isiqhingi Ngobusuku"
- 2000 - "Bautolino"
- 2004 - "Ilangabi eliyinqaba le-Queen Loan"
- Ngo-2004 - "Umlando Wobuhle"
- Ngo-2007 - "Umlando we-radia"
- Ngo-2007 - "Umlando Omkhulu Wempucuko YaseYurophu"
- Ngo-2009 - "Ungathemba Ukuqeda Izincwadi!"
- 2010 - "Prague Cemetery"
- 2010 - "Ngiyathembisa ukushada"
- 2011 - "Umlando weNkathi Ephakathi"
- 2013 - "Umlando Wezinkohliso. Izindawo ezidumile, umhlaba nezwe "
- Ngo-2015 - Inombolo ye-Zero