I-Biograge
Abalabhini bakaPavel Petrovich Bazhova bathi lo mlobi waba nekusasa elijabulisayo. I-Great Age iphile impilo ende futhi enokuthula yagcwala imicimbi. Zonke iziphaphuthu zezepolitiki ze-master master zibonakale ngokuzolile futhi kulezo zikhathi ezinzima zikwazile ukufeza ukuqashelwa nodumo. Iminyaka eminingi, uBazhov wayethembisene umthandi wakhe - wazama ukwenza inganekwane.
Imisebenzi yayo isathandwa ngabantu abasha nezizukulwane ezindala. Mhlawumbe, kunabantu abambalwa abangakabona ikhathuni laseSoviet "Isiliva Kopyts" noma abafundanga ukuqoqwa kwezindaba "i-malachite casket", "i-sinashkin kahle" kanye "negama elibizayo".
Ubuntwana nentsha
UPavel Petrovich Bazhov wazalwa engu-15 (27 ngesitayela esisha) ngoJanuwari 1879. Umlobi wesikhathi esizayo wakhula wakhuphuka emndenini ojwayelekile. Ubaba wakhe uPeter Bazhov (ekuqaleni isibongo sabhalwa ngaphesheya kwencwadi "e"), ukushiya kwabalimi bensimu ebonakalayo, basebenza esizeni sezimayini edolobheni laseSysert, esifundeni saseSverdlovsk. Kamuva, iBazhov yathuthela ePolevskaya Village. Umzali wombhali wasebenzela isinkwa esinzima, futhi akazange enze ezolimo: Kwakungekho mhlaba olimo lokulingisa eSymert. UPhetro wayengumuntu osebenza kanzima nochwepheshe obuqabulayo ebhizinisini lakhe, kodwa amakhanda ale ndoda awazange akhonondi, ngakho-ke inqubekela phambili endala yashintsha hhayi indawo eyodwa.
Iqiniso ngukuthi inhloko yomndeni ethandile ukubamba isiphuzo esishisayo futhi imvamisa iyahamba. Kepha akukhona lo mkhuba omubi waba yisikhubekiso phakathi kwabaholi kanye nabangaphansi: ukuhlangana kwamabhokisi akwazanga ukuthi ungawugcina kanjani ulimi lwamazinyo akhe, ngakho-ke kwagxeka phezulu kwe-fluff nothuli. Kamuva, "ukukhuluma" ngoPhetro, "okwakubizwa ngokuthi yilesi sizathu ngalesi sizathu, kwabuyiselwa, ngoba ochwepheshe abanjalo babhekwa isisindo segolide. Kuliqiniso, igunya lefektri lalingazange libongethelwe ngokushesha lokuthethelela ngokushesha, iBazhov kwadingeka ukuthi idlule isikhathi eside emsebenzini isikhathi eside. Ngezikhathi zokuduma kwezulu, umndeni wakwaBazhov uhlala ngaphandle kokuziphilisa, basindisa imali etholwayo yenhloko yomndeni nobuciko bomkakhe u-Augustus Stefanovna (OSIntseva).
Unina womlobi wenzeka kusuka kwabampofu ePoland, kwaholela ekhaya futhi waphakamisa uPawulu. Kusihlwa wayesithanda umsebenzinalisekeli: i-lace yayifiphala, amaStoiki avulekile agxekwa futhi adala ezinye izinto ezincane ezithokozisayo. Kepha ngenxa yalo msebenzi obabazekayo, owenziwa ebumnyameni, lona wesifazane wayenombono onamandla okhubazekile. Ngendlela, naphezu komlingiswa wokuqala kaPeter, waba nobudlelwano obunobungane nendodana yakhe. Ugogo uPowula waze washo ukuthi uyise wayephange ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi ethethelela noma yimuphi uchoko. Futhi ngo-Agasti, uStefanovna wayenomlingiswa othambile futhi oguquguqukayo nhlobo, ngakho-ke ingane yavuswa othandweni nasekubuseni.
UPavel Petrovich Bazhov wakhulela umfana okhuthele futhi ebuzayo. Ngaphambi kokuhamba, wavakashela isikole saseZemsto eSysert, wafunda ngokuphelele. UPaul wabamba izinto ngempukane, noma ngabe kuyi-Russian noma izibalo, futhi nsuku zonke wajabulisa izihlobo ezinhlanu kwidayari. IBazzov yakhumbula lokho ngenxa ye-pushkin ikwazile ukuthola imfundo ehloniphekile. Umlobi wesikhathi esizayo wathatha i-tomik yombhali omkhulu waseRussia emtatsheni wezincwadi wezimo ezinzima: umtapo wolwazi wayala ukuthi le nsizwa ifunde yonke inhlangano ngenhliziyo. Kepha uPawulu wawuphatha ngokungathi sína lo msebenzi.
Kamuva, uthisha wakhe wesikole watshela umfundi kumngane - udokotela wezilwane njengengane enesiphiwo emndenini osebenzayo, owaziyo ukwakhiwa kuka-Alexander Sergeevich. Ehlatshwe umxhwele yizinsizwa ezinamakhono, igatsha lalinikeza umfana ithikithi futhi linikeze imfundo ehle emndenini ompofu. UPavel Bazhov uthweswe iziqu esikoleni esingokomoya saseKaterinburg, wabe esengena e-Permian ngokomoya ngokomoya. Le nsizwa yamenywa ukuba iqhubeke nokufunda futhi ithole iSonto San, noma kunjalo, insizwa ethile ayifuni ukukhonza esontweni, kodwa yaphupha ngeKorping ngezincwadi zebhentshi laseyunivesithi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uPavel Petrovich wayengeyena inkolo, kodwa kunalokho indoda eguqukayo.
Kepha bekungekho mali eyanele yemfundo eqhubekayo. UPeter Bazhov wabulawa yisifo sesibindi, kwadingeka aneliseke ngempesheni ka-Augustus Stefanovna. Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kokuthola idiploma yeyunivesithi, uPavel Petrovich wasebenza njengomfundisi emakholini elingokomoya laseYekaterinburg naseKamyshlov, wafundisa abafundi baseRussia nezincwadi. UBazhova wayesithanda zonke izinkulumo wabonakala ngesipho, wafunda imisebenzi yama-Great Classics abuzwa ngokubukwayo nangomphefumlo. UPavel Petrovich wayengomunye walabo othisha abangavamile abangathakazelisa ngisho nokuthakazela ngisho nababili nefule.
Amantombazane esikoleni ayenohlobo lwesiko: bahlanganisa iminsalo yama-satin ribbons anhlobonhlobo abafundisi abathandayo. UPavel Petrovich Bazhova wayengenaso isikhala samahhala ejekethi, ngoba "izimpawu zokungafani" wayenakho kakhulu. Kuyafaneleka ukusho ukuthi uPavel Petrovich ubambe iqhaza ezenzakalweni zezepolitiki futhi wabona i-Okthoba Revolution njengento efanelekile neyisisekelo. Ngokubona kwakhe, ukulahlwa kabusha kweNicholas II kusuka esihlalweni sobukhosi kanye ne-bolshevik coup benzele ukungalingani kwezenhlalo futhi kunikeze abakhileyo ezweni elijabulisayo.
Kuze kube ngu-1917, uPavel Petrovich wayeyilungu leqembu lezinguquko zeSocialist, impi yombango yalwa ohlangothini lwe-Reds, ihlelwe ngaphansi komhlaba futhi yathuthukisa isu uma kwenzeka kuba namandla okuwa kwamasosha aseSoviet. Futhi, iBazhov yayisesikhundleni senhloko yeNhloko yenhlangano yezentengiselwano kanye nehhovisi lemfundo kazwelonke. Kamuva uPavel Petrovich wahola umsebenzi wokuhlela, wakhipha iphephandaba. Phakathi kokunye, umlobi wahlela izikole futhi wacelwa ukuba alwe nokungafundi. Ngo-1918, inkosi yeZwi yajoyina iqembu lamaKhomanisi leSoviet Union.
Into yokufunda
Njengoba wazi, ukuba ngumfundi, uPavel Petrovich wahlala eYakaterinburg nasePerm, lapho esikhundleni sezilwane zasendle ezizungezile kwakuwujantshi oqinile, futhi esikhundleni sezindlu ezincane - amakamelo amatshe ezitezi ezimbalwa. Emadolobheni amasiko, impilo yashaya ukhiye: abantu baya kumashaye futhi baxoxa ngezehlakalo zezwe ngemuva kwezindawo zokudlela, kodwa uPawulu wavuma ukubuyela ezweni lomdabu.
Lapho, wahlangana ne-folklore ebekiwe: Igama lesidlaliso lakudala lendawo liyezwakala ("inkomishi") - umlindi we-vasily Khmelin - wavuma ukutshela izinganekwane, izinhlamvu eziyinhloko zazo ezabangezinhlamvu zesiliva , Ukucisha umlilo, inyoka eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye nogogo synyashka.
Umkhulu uVasily Alekseevich wachaza ukuthi zonke izindaba zakhe zisuselwa empilweni futhi zichaze "impilo yasendulo". Lo mehluko phakathi kwezinganekwane ze-Ural ezivela ezinganekwaneni, iKhmelinin yagcizelela ikakhulukazi. I-bastard yasendaweni kanye nabantu abadala azange bazwe izwi likagogo ngamunye. UPavel Petrovich ubuphakathi kwezilaleli, ezithola izindaba ezimangalisayo zemilingo yaseKhmelinin kube sengathi isiponji.
Isikhathi esiqotho nothando lwakhe ngobuqambi babantu baqala: Izincwadi ziholele ngokucophelela incwadi yokubhalela, lapho izingoma ze-Ural, izinganekwane, izinganekwane nezimfumbe kwaqoqwa. Ngo-1931, ingqungquthela esikhonkwaneni saseRussia yabanjwa eMoscow naseLeningrad. Ngenxa yalo mhlangano, umsebenzi bekuwukutadisha isisebenzi sanamuhla nepulazi elihlanganayo & nedeshi; kwanqunywa ukuhlanganisa ukuhlanganiswa "kwangaphambi kokuguqula izingane ku-URAL". Ukucinga izinto zokwakha kwakuwukukwenza umlando wendawo uVladimir Broukov, kepha usosayensi akatholanga imithombo edingekayo.
Ngakho-ke, le ncwadi yaholwa nguBazhov. UPavel Petrovich waqoqa ama-Folk Epics njengombhali, hhayi njengososayensi be-folkloride. UBazhov wayazi ngePasipoting, kepha akazange ayichithe. Futhi, i-Master of the pen yanamathela kwisimiso: amaqhawe emisebenzi yakhe - abokufika abavela eRussia noma ama-Urals (noma ngabe lokhu kucabanga bekuphambene nalelo zwe lakhe).
Ngo-1936, uPavel Petrovich washicilela umsebenzi wokuqala onesihloko esithi "Girl Azovka". Kamuva, ngo-1939, ukuqoqwa kwe-malachite casket kwaqhamuka ekusakazweni, lapho ngesikhathi sokuphila kombhali kwagcwaliswa ngendaba entsha evela kuVasily Khmelinin. Kepha, ngokusho kwamahemuhemu, lapho uBhezholiv wavuma ukuthi akazange abhale kabusha izindaba zakhe ngomlomo wangaphandle, kodwa wazithathela.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Kuyaziwa ukuthi isikhathi eside uPavel Petrovich akazange azibandakanye nabesifazane. Umlobi akazange ancishiswe ukunakwa kwamantombazane athandekayo, kepha ngasikhathi sinye kwakungekhona futhi uDonzhuan: IBazhov ayizange idonsele ngekhanda ibe yimpilo yezikhathi ezithile namanoveli, futhi yaholela ekuphileni kwe-ascelor. Kungani iminyaka engama-30 i-Bazhov yahlala isizungu, kunzima ukuchaza. Umlobi wayewuthanda umsebenzi futhi engafuni ukufafaza abesifazane adlula, futhi akholelwa othandweni oluqotho. Kodwa-ke, kwenzeka: I-Folkloride eneminyaka engu-32 iphakamisa isandla nenhliziyo kaValentina Aleksandrovna Ivanitskaya, eyayingumfundi wangaphambili. Intombazane engathi sína nefundisiwe ephenduliwe.
Kwavela ukuthi umshado ngokuphila, othandekayo wakhulisa izingane ezine (eziyisikhombisa ezazelwe emndenini, kodwa ezintathu zafa eminyakeni yezingane ezifweni): U-Olga, u-Elena, u-Alexey no-Ariadna. Phambilini abantu ababephila ngesikhathi bebusa induduzo futhi bengephulinga, kangangokuba abashadayo bathíkaza indlu noma omunye umehluko. Kusuka eBazhov bekungenakwenzeka ukuzwa igama le-Valya noma i-Valentine, ngoba uPavel Petrovich wabiza izidlaliso zakhe zesithandwa sami: Valyanushka noma iValest. Umbhali akazange athande ukufika sekwephuze, kepha ngisho naze aye emhlanganweni lapho ephuthuma, abuyele embundwini, uma ekhohliwe ukwanga ukuvalelisa kunkosikazi othandekayo.
UPavel Petrovich noValentina Aleksandrovna baphila ngenjabulo futhi basekelana. Kepha, njenganoma yikuphi okunye okufayo, empilweni yomlobi, kwakukhona njengezinsuku nezinsuku zolwandle. UBazhov kwadingeka aphile usizi olubi - ukufa kwengane. U-Alenei osemusha ushonile ngenxa yengozi efektri. Kuyaziwa nangokuthi uPavel Petrovich, yize wayengumuntu omatasatasa, kodwa wabelwa ngaso sonke isikhathi isikhathi sezingxoxo nezingane. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngezingane zakubo, ubaba uzungu njengabantu abadala, wanikeza ilungelo lokuvota futhi elalela imibono yabo.
"Amandla okwazi konke mayelana nabathandekayo bakho kwakuyisici esimangalisayo sikaYise. Ubelokhu ematasa njalo, kepha wayenokuthula okwenele kwengqondo ukuqaphela ukukhathazeka, injabulo nosizi ngakunye, "kusho u-Ariadne Bazhov encwadini ethi" Amehlo Endodakazi Yakhe. "Ukushona
Ngaphambi nje kokuba kufe uPavel Petrovich ayeke ukubhala futhi aqala ukufunda izinkulumo, ezaqinisa umoya wabantu phakathi neMpi enkulu yokuthanda izwe.
Umlobi omkhulu ushonele ebusika bango-1950. Ithuna loMdali lisegqumeni (eliphakathi nendawo) e-Yekaterinburg e-Ivanovo Cemetery.
I-Bibliography
- 1924 - "Ama-URALS"
- 1926 - "Ngeqiniso laseSoviet";
- 1937 - "Ukwakheka usohambeni"
- Ngo-1939 - "Green Falink"
- Ngo-1939 - "I-Malachite Casket"
- 1942 - "Itshe Eliyisihluthulelo"
- 1943 - "Kuthatha amaJalimane"
- Ngo-1949 - "Kude - Vala"