I-Biograge
Emhlabeni wabantu abangajwayelene negama lomlobi omkhulu uGansa Christian Aresen. Emisebenzini yale master yepeni, imisebenzi yazo ehunyushelwa ezilimini eziyi-150 zomhlaba, akusona isizukulwane esisodwa esikhulile. Cishe wonke amakhaya, abazali bafunda izingane ngaphambi kokulala, inganekwane ngenkosazana ethanga, yadla kanye ne-dehydrate encane, okuyigundane lensimu lazama ukushada nomakhelwane. Noma izingane zibuke ama-movie namakhathuni nge-mermaid noma intombazane kaGerde ephupha ngokuhlenga iKai esuka ezandleni ezibandayo ngeNdlovukazi yeqhwa.
Umhlaba ochazwe ngu-Aresen uyamangalisa futhi muhle. Kepha kanye nomlingo kanye nendiza yemicabango ezinganekwaneni zakhe ezinganekwane kukhona umcabango wefilosofi, ngoba umlobi unikezelwe kuzo zombili izingane nakubantu abadala. Abagxeki abaningi bahlangana eqinisweni lokuthi ngaphansi kwegobolondo lezitayela ezilula nezilula zokulandisa, u-Anderssen uchaza okujulile, umsebenzi wakhe ukunikeza umfundi ukudla okudingekayo kokuzindla.
Ubuntwana nentsha
UHans Christian Andersen (isipelingi esamukelwa ngokuvamile saseRussia siyobe silungile kuno-Hans Christian) wazalwa ngo-Ephreli 2, 1805 edolobheni lesithathu ngobukhulu eDenmark - u-Odense. Ezinye izingojaho ze-andersen - indodana engekho emthethweni yenkosi yaseDenmark of Christian VIII, kodwa empeleni umlobi wesikhathi esizayo wakhula wakhulisa emndenini ompofu. Uyise, owayebizwa nangokuthi uHans, wasebenza ne-shoeman futhi wanciphisa iziphetho ngeziphetho, futhi umama u-Anna Marie Andersdater wasebenza njengengubo futhi engowesifazane omncane.
Inhloko yomndeni bekukholelwa ukuthi i-pedigree yakhe iqala ubukhosi obuhle: ugogo kobaba oya emgqeni kababa watshela abazukulu bokuthi umndeni wabo ungowesiqinisekiso senhlalo, kepha lokhu kuqashelwa akusitholi isiqinisekiso futhi kwaphonswa inselelo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Mayelana nezihlobo ze-Andersen amahemuhemu amaningi asevusa izingqondo zabafundi. Ukwenza isibonelo, bathi umkhulu wombhali ungumqaphi owenziwa ngumsebenzi - edolobheni labhekwa njengohlanya, ngoba wakwenza izibalo ezingaqondakali zabantu abanamaphiko, ezifana nezingelosi.
UHans-Senior wethule ingane ngezincwadi. Wafunda izingane "ubusuku" 100 - Izinganekwane zendabuko zase-Arab. Ngakho-ke, njalo kusihlwa, ama-hans amancane acwilisa ezindabeni zemilingo zikaShahryzada. Futhi, uBaba onendodana yakhe ayenembile ukuhamba ngezinyawo epaki epaki ePark ePark waze wamvakashela umfana, owenza umxhwele umfana. Ngo-1816, ubaba wombhali washona.
Umhlaba wangempela wawungoHans ngohlolo olunzima, wakhulela ingane enokomzwelo, emnandi futhi ebucayi. Esimweni esinjalo sengqondo, u-Arerensen wayezosola umLoya wokokomuntu wendawo, umane atshele uTumaki, nothisha, ngoba kulezo zikhathi ezinzima zokujeziswa, amabele ayeyibhizinisi elijwayelekile, ngakho-ke umlobi wesikhathi esizayo wasithatha lesi sikole ngokuhlukunyezwa okungabekezeleleki.
Lapho u-Andersen enqaba ngokuphelele ukuya emakilasini, abazali bakhombe insizwa esikoleni esingesihle sezingane ezimpofu. Lapho esethole imfundo yamabanga aphansi, uHans waba ngumfundi wokufundisa, waphinde wabuyiselwa emsileni, futhi kamuva wasebenza efektri kagwayi.
Ubudlelwano nozakwethu ekusebenzeni kwe-Andersen, ukubeka ngobumnene, akazange abambe. Wayehlabe amahloni ngamahlaya amahlazo kanye namahlaya afushane abasebenzi, futhi kanye lapho engaphansi kwe-gogot ephelele evela kuHans ebopha ibhulukwe lakhe ukuze aqiniseke ukuthi umfana yena noma intombazane. Futhi bonke ngoba ebuntwaneni Umlobi wayenezwi elincanyana futhi evame ukuhlabelela ngesikhathi sokushintsha. Lo mcimbi wenza umbhali wesikhathi esizayo ekugcineni angene ezinzwaneni zami. Ukuphela kwabangane bensizwa kwakunodoli ngokhuni, wake wenziwa nguyise.
Lapho uHansa eneminyaka eyi-14, efuna impilo engcono, wathuthela eCopenhagen, ngaleso sikhathi eyayithathwa njengegama elithi "Scandinavia Paris." U-Anna Marie wacabanga ukuthi u-Andersen uzoya enhlokodolobha yeDenmark isikhashana, ngakho-ke wadedelwa indodana ethandekayo ethandekayo ngenhliziyo ekhanyayo. UHans washiya indlu kababa, ngoba wayephupha ngokudumile, wayefuna ukwazi ubuciko obusebenzayo futhi adlale isigaba semidlalo yaseshashalazini emikhiqizweni yakudala. Kuyafaneleka ukusho ukuthi uHans wayeyinsizwa enekhala elide nezinyawo, athola ngazo amagama wesidlaliso ahlaselayo athi "strk" kanye "nethamo".
Futhi, u-Andersen wagcotshwa njengombhali wombhali, ngoba endlini yomfana kwakukhona ithikuya yamathoyizi ane-rag "abazenzisi." Insizwa ekhuthele enokubukeka okuhlekisayo idale umbono we-garde duckling, eyayithathwa enkundleni yemidlalo yasebukhosini enesihawu, hhayi ngoba ephethwe kahle uSoprano. Esigabeni semidlalo yaseshashalazini uHansa wenza izindima zesibili. Kepha kungekudala izwi lakhe laqala ukuhlukana, ngakho-ke imishanguyela yabheka u-Areresen kuqala wayo yonke imbongi, weluleka le nsizwa ukuba igxile ezincwadini.
UJonas Clillin, uMbuso WaseDanishi owabahlobisa imali ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaFrederick VI, wayengathandwa kakhulu yile nsizwa futhi waqinisekisa inkosi ukuba ikhokhele ukwakheka kombhali osemncane.
U-Aresen wafunda ezikoleni ezihlonishwayo zamaSlagels kanye ne-elsinor (lapho ayehlala khona edeskini elilodwa nabafundi, omncane iminyaka engu-6) ngokulahlekelwa ngumfundi wemali, yize wayengeyena umfundi wenjabulo: uHans akazange anqobe iDiploma nayo yonke impilo yakhe Ngabe izipelingi eziningi namaphutha ezimpawu zokubhala encwadini. Kamuva, umxoxi wezindaba wakhumbula ukuthi iminyaka yabafundi yayiphuphe ngaye ngamaphupho amabi, ngoba umngcele wawuhlala ugxeka le nsizwa ephuthumeni nothuli, futhi, njengoba wazi, u-Andernen akazange akuthande lokhu.
Into yokufunda
Ngesikhathi sokuphila kwamaKristu aseHans, u-Andersen wabhala izinkondlo, izindaba, amanoveli nama-ballads. Kepha kubo bonke abafundi, igama lakhe lihlotshaniswa ngokuyinhloko nezinganekwane - esiteshini senkonzo sepeni 156 imisebenzi. Kodwa-ke, uHans akazange athande lapho ebizwa ngokuthi umlobi wezingane, futhi wathi ubhala abafana namantombazane nakubantu abadala. Kwafika lapho u-Andersen ayalele ukuthi kwakungekho ndoda eyodwa esikhumbuzweni sakhe, yize ekuqaleni lesikhumbuzo sasizozungeza izingane.
UHans wathola ukuqashelwa nenkazimulo ngo-1829, lapho eshicilela indaba ye-adventure "Ukuhamba okuvela eHolman e-Eastern we-Amagra". Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, umbhali osemusha akazange asuke kude nezimpaphe ne-inKWell futhi abhale ngokwemibhalo asebenza ngokulandelana, okubandakanya nalabo abakhazimulisa izingane zakhe, ezethule uhlelo lwezinhlobo eziphakeme. Kuliqiniso, amanoveli, amanoveli namanzi amaningi anikezwa umlobi omncane - ngezikhathi zokubhala kube sengathi kubizwa ngokuthi yinkinga yokudala.
U-andersen ugqozi olwenziwe empilweni yansuku zonke. Ngokubona kwakhe, konke kuhamba kahle kulomhlaba: futhi izimbali petal, ne-bug encane, nekhoyili ngemicu. Ngempela, uma ukhumbula imisebenzi yoMdali, ngisho nomzimba ngamunye noma i-pea pod ene-biography emangalisayo. UHans wayesekelwe kuzo zombili izimangaliso zakhe nakwizisusa zezwe likazwelonke, ngenxa yalokho wabhala "umlilo", "swans yasendle", "Swinewa" kanye nezinye izindaba ezishicilelwe ezinganeni "(1837 ).
U-Andersen ubhekisisa ukwenza ama-Fratial Caragonists afuna indawo emphakathini. Lokhu kungabikwa ngesithonjana, kanye ne-mermaid, kanye ne-mugly duckling. Amaqhawe anjalo abangela umbhali uzwela. Zonke izindaba ze-Andersen ezivela ku-crust kuya ku-crust ziboshwe ngencazelo yefilosofi. Kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula inganekwane "Ingubo entsha yeKing", lapho umbusi acela khona abantu ababili abadlulayo ukuba bathundle izembatho ezibizayo. Kodwa-ke, ingubo yaphenduka yaba nzima futhi yahlukaniswa ngokuphelele kwi "Threads Engabonakali". UZhuliki uqinisekisile ikhasimende ukuthi iziwula kuphela ezingaboni indwangu emnene kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, inkosi ithinta isigodlo ngendlela engalindelekile.
Yena nezikhonkwane zakhe aziboni izingubo eziyinkimbinkimbi, kepha zesaba ukuzibeka ngeziwula, uma zivuma ukuthi umbusi ukhokhelwa kulokho umama abelethelayo. Le ndaba inganekwane isiphendulwe njengomzekeliso, nebinzana elithi "nenkosi ihamba ze!" ungene ohlwini lwezinkulumo ezinamaphiko. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi akuzona zonke izinganekwane ze-andersen eziboshwe ngenhlanhla, hhayi kuyo yonke imibhalo yesandla yombhali kuthola ukwamukelwa kwe- "Deusexmachina", lapho ukucushwa okungahleliwe kwezimo, ukonga umlingiswa ophambili (ngokwesibonelo, i-Prince iyaqabula Iqhwa elinobuthi emhlophe), njengokungathi ngentando kaNkulunkulu kuvela ndawo.
UHans Siyabathanda abafundi abadala ngokungayidwebi umhlaba wase-Utopian, lapho wonke umuntu ephila isikhathi eside futhi ejabule, ngokwesibonelo, ngaphandle kwembulo kanembeza, esusa umuntu oyedwa owayezofa. Ngo-1840, i-master of feather yazizalela uhlobo lwenoveli lenoveli futhi ishicilele incwadi ethi "Iqoqo elinezithombe ezingenazithombe", ngo-1849 Ubhala inoveli "ama-barenes amabili". Eminyakeni emine kamuva, incwadi ethi "Yiba noma Ungabi", kodwa yonke imizamo ye-Andersen ukuze ikwazise njengodokotela we-nores.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Impilo yomuntu siqu yomlingisi wehlulekile, kepha umbhali we-Eminte Aresen uyimfihlakalo embozwe ubumnyama. Kusho lokho kukho konke ukuba khona kwawo wonke umuntu, umbhali omkhulu wahlala ekungazini okuhlobene nokusondela okusondele kwabesifazane noma kwabesilisa. Kuyisiphakamiso sokuthi umthengisi wezindaba omkhulu wayengungqingili (njengoba efakazelwa yi-Episristotalar Heritage), wayenobudlelwano obusondelene nomngane wakhe u-Edward Colline, umdanso we-Weimar nangomdanso uHarald Schraff. Yize kwakukhona abesifazane abathathu empilweni kaHans, lolu daba lwalungeke luqhubeke, kungasho ukuthi umshado.
Induna yokuqala yakwa-Aresen kwakungudadewabo kaComrade esikoleni seRibrore Wight. Kepha insizwa ecashile ayikaze ibe nesibindi sokuxoxa nenkanuko yakhe. ULouise Collin - Umakoti olandelayo ongaba khona wombhali - wamisa noma imiphi imizamo yokuthandana futhi angazange anake ukugeleza okuvuthayo kwezinhlamvu zothando. Intombazane eneminyaka engu-18 ubudala yakhetha ummeli ocebile.
Ngo-1846, uHans wathandana nomculi we-opera wesibandlululo lwabesifazane, okuthi, ngenxa yokukhala, i-soprano ebizwa ngokuthi "iSweden Solovy". U-Andersen karaulil feminine ngemuva kwezigcawu futhi wanikeza ubuhle amavesi nezipho zomusa. Kepha intombazane ebukekayo yayingaphuthumi ukuphendula ngozwela lwe-storyster ngokubuyisana, yabhekisa kuye njengomfowethu. Lapho u-Andersen ethola ukuthi umculi washada umqambi waseBrithani u-Otto Goldshmidt, uHansa ungena ekucindezelekeni. Amakhaza enhliziyo yowesifazane waba yi-prototype yendlovukazi yeqhwa elivela egameni elifanayo lenganekwane yombhali.
Othandweni, u-Andersen wayengenanhlanhla. Ngakho-ke, akumangazi ukuthi umphathi we-ndaba ngokufika eParis wahambela amabhlogo wezibani ezibomvu. Kuliqiniso, esikhundleni sokushintsha ubusuku, abaHans bakhuluma nabo, behlanganyela impilo yakhe ngeshwa, behlanganyela ebusuku. Lapho oyedwa u-Endernen wamvimba ukuthi uhambela izindlu zomphakathi hhayi ngenhloso, umlobi wamangala wabheka umsizi ngokunyanyeka okusobala.
Kuyaziwa nangokuthi u-Aresen wayengumlandeli othembekile kaCharles Dickens, ababhali abanethalente bahlangana emhlanganweni wezincwadi, owanelisekile nge-Countess BlightSington eSalon yayo. Ngemuva kwalomhlangano, uHans wabhala kudayari:
"Saya eVeranda, ngajabula ukukhuluma naye manje umlobi ophilayo waseNgilandi, engiwuthanda kakhulu."Ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-10, umxoxi wezindaba wabuye wafika eNgilandi wafika esivakashi esingamenyiwe endlini kaDickens ekulimaleni umndeni wakhe. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uCharles wamisa ukuhambelana no-Andersen, futhi izimbotshana zazingaqonda ngokweqiniso ukuthi kungani zonke izincwadi zakhe zihlala zingaphendulwa.
Ukushona
Entwasahlobo yango-1872, u-Andersen wawela embhedeni, washaya kakhulu phansi, ngenxa yalokho athola ukulimala okuningi okungakaze akwazi ukululama.
Kamuva, umlobi wathola umdlavuza wesibindi. Ngo-Agasti 4, 1875, uHans wafa. Umlobi omkhulu ungcwatshwe emathuneni amathuna weCopenhagen Copenhagen.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1829 - "Uhambo onyaweni lusuka eChannel Holman luye e-East Cape Islag Island"
- Ngo-1829 - "Uthando Embhoshongweni WeNikolava"
- Ngo-1834 - "I-AGNETA namanzi"
- Ngo-1835 - "I-Pleaticizer" (ukuhunyushwa kweRussia - ngo-1844)
- Ngo-1837 - "Kuyi-Violistist kuphela"
- Ngo-1835-1837 - "Izinganekwane, Utshelwe Izingane"
- Ngo-1838 - "Ukumelana Namasosha Angamelana Nakho"
- 1840 - "Bhuka ngezithombe ezingenazithombe"
- Ngo-1843 - "Nightingale"
- Ngo-1843 - "I-Ugly Duckling"
- Ngo-1844 - "Indlovukazi Yeqhwa"
- Ngo-1845 - "Intombazane enemidlalo"
- Ngo-1847 - "Isithunzi"
- Ngo-1849 - "Ama-Baroneles amabili"
- Ngo-1857 - "Yiba noma ungabi"