I-Biograge
UMikhail Vasilyevich Frunze - isibalo sezinguquko, iBolshevik, ubuholi beRed Army, obambe iqhaza empini yombango, i-lororist yemiyalo yezempi.
UMikhail wazalwa ngoJanuwari 21 (ngaphansi kobuciko.) 1885 edolobheni lasePishpec (Bishkek) emndenini kaFeldscher Vasily Mikhailovich Frunze, eMoldavanina ngobuzwe. Uyise womfana ngemuva kokuphela kwesikole sezokwelapha eMoscow wathunyelwa kwinkonzo yamasosha eya eTurkestan, lapho ahlala khona. Unina kaMikhail, u-Efimovna Bochkarev, umlimi wasemvelaphi, wazalelwa esifundazweni saseVoronezh. Umndeni wakhe maphakathi nekhulu le-19 wathuthela eTurkmenistan.
UMikhail wayenomfowethu osekhulile uKonstantin nodade abancane abancane - uLyudmila, uClaudia noLydia. Bonke izingane uFrunze bafundile endaweni yokuzivocavoca ethembekile (manje idolobha lase-Almaty). Izingane eziphezulu uKonstantin, uMikhail noClaudia ngemuva kokuphela kwezindondo zegolide ezitholakele. UMikhail waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe eSt Petersburg Polytechnic Institute, lapho angena khona ngo-1904. Kakade kusemester yokuqala, waba nentshisekelo kwimibono yenguquko futhi wajoyina iqembu le-Social Democratic Workers, lapho ajoyina khona amaBolsheviks.
NgoNovemba 1904, uFrinze waboshwa ngokuhlanganyela emkhankasweni ovusa inkanuko. Ngesikhathi sokubonakaliswa ngoJanuwari 9, 1905 eSt. Petersburg, walimala esandleni sakhe. Ukuphonsa izifundo zakhe, uMikhail Phululeka wabalekela ukushushiswa kweziphathimandla eMoscow, futhi-ke, lapho ahamba khona ngesiteleka sezindwangu ngoMeyi ofanayo. NgoVladimir Lenin Frunze wahlangana ngo-1906, lapho ecasha eStockholm. UMikhail kwadingeka afihle igama lamanje ngesikhathi senhlangano yenhlangano engaphansi komhlaba e-Ivanovo-Voznessensk. Amaqembu amancane ayaziwa ngaphansi kwama-pseudonyms of Comrade Arseny, Trifonch, Mikhailov, Vasilenko.
Ngaphansi kobuholi bukaFrunze, uMkhandlu Wokuqala Wabasebenzi uDaliwe, owayebandakanyeke ekusatshalalisweni kwamapheshana okuqukethwe okuphikisana nohulumeni. Ukuphambukisa ama-Urban Rallies asemadolobheni futhi kwenza ukuquleka kwezikhali. UMikhail wayengesabi ukusebenzisa izindlela zobushokobezi zomzabalazo.
Izinguquko ezisencane zimi ekhanda lokuvuka okuhlomile eMoscow e-Flay, zathathwa njengendlu yokunyathelisa yaseShuriya ngokusetshenziswa kwezikhali, kwahlasela uNikita Perslov kuya emaphoyiseni ukuze kubulale amaphoyisa ukuze abulale. Ngo-1910, wathola isigwebo sentambo, esasisesicelweni sabamele umphakathi, kanye nomlobi v.g. UKorolenko wathathelwa indawo nguKatoroga.
Eminyakeni emine kamuva, uFrinze wathunyelwa endaweni yokuhlala unomphela yokuhlala esifundazweni saseMazurka Irkutsk, ukusuka lapho ngo-1915 wabalekela ukukopela. Ngaphansi kwegama lokugcina uVasilenko usebenze isikhashana encwadini yendawo "Ukubuyekezwa kweTransbaikal". Ngokushintsha ipasipoti egameni le-Mikhailov, yathuthela eBelorussia, lapho yahlala khona kwizibalo ekomitini leZemstvo Union entshonalanga ngaphambili.
Inhloso yokuhlala kwama-frunze embuthweni wamasosha aseRussia ukusakazeka kwemibono yezinguquko phakathi kwamasosha. EMinsk, uMikhail Vasilyevich wahola iseli elingaphansi komhlaba. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, idumela likachwepheshe ochwepheshe amasheya abethukile laligxilile phakathi kwama-bolsheviks e-frunze.
Inguquko
Ekuqaleni kukaMashi 1917, uMikhail Frunze walungisa ukuthathwa koMnyango Wezamaphoyisa Ohlomile nge-Minsk ngama-squaders abasebenzi abajwayelekile. Izingobo zomlando zegatsha elingahleliwe, izikhali kanye nezinhlamvu zezinhlamvu, izinhlaka eziningi zikahulumeni zawela ezandleni zabavuselele. Ngemuva kwempumelelo yokusebenza, uMikhail Frunze wabeka induna yesikhashana eMinsk Militia. Ngaphansi kobuholi be-frunze, ukukhishwa kwamaphephandaba amaqembu kwaqala. Ngo-Agasti, amasosha adluliswa ukuze abona ukuthi uFrunze wathathwa kuphi ngemuva kukaSihlalo woMkhandlu Wabantu bamaphini abantu, isifunda sikahulumeni waseZemskaya nomkhandlu wedolobha.
UMikhail Frunze Revolution wahlangana eMoscow emigoqweni eduzane nehhotela laseMetropol. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili, inguquko yayisemuva kwekhanda leqembu leqembu lesifundazwe se-Ivanovo-voznessenskaya. Wabandakanyeka ezindabeni nasezindabeni zeCommissarier yezempi. Impi yombango yavumela uMikhail Vasilyevich ukukhombisa ngokuphelele amakhono ezempi awathola ngesikhathi semisebenzi yezinguquko.
Kusukela ngoFebhuwari 1919, izithelo ezizimele zizoyala ibutho le-4 yebutho elibomvu, elikwazi ukumisa ukuhlukumeza i-kolchak eMoscow bese iqala ngokuhlukumezeka kuma-urals. Ngemuva kokunqoba okukhulu kakhulu kwebutho elibomvu, ukuphambuka kwathola ukuhleleka kwesibhengezo esibomvu.
Imvamisa, okujwayelekile kungabonakala ehhashini ekhanda lamabutho, okwamvumela ukuba akhe idumela elihle emvelweni yebutho elibomvu. NgoJuni 1919, ama-Frunze athole ukungqubuzana ngaphansi kwe-UFA. NgoJulayi, uMikhail Vasilyevich walibangisa ngaphambili, kodwa ngenyanga wathola umsebenzi endaweni eseningizimu, indawo yakhe yayifakwe yiTurkesta nasensimini yase-Akhtuba. Kuze kube ngoSepthemba 1920, uFrunze wenza imisebenzi ephumelelayo emugqeni wangaphambili.
U-Frunze ophindaphindwayo wanikeza uqinisekise ukuthi ulondoloze impilo yalabo abavumayo ababekulungele ukuhamba ngasohlangothini olubomvu. UMikhail vladimirovich waba nomthelela esimweni sengqondo sokuhlukumezeka esithembisweni, okwakudinga ukunganeliseki ngezinhlu eziphakeme.
Ekwindla ngo-1920, obekuhlelile obomvu ebuthweni lempi le-Wrangel, elalitholakala eCrimea naseNyakatho Tavria. Ngemuva kokuhlulwa kokuhlaselwa okumhlophe kokuphanga kwahlaselwa owayekade kunabokuqala - amaBrigades aseBatki Makhinno, uYuri Tyutyunnik noSimon Pelyura. Ngesikhathi sokulwa kweCrimean, uFrinze walimala. Ngo-1921 wangena ekomitini ephakathi ne-RCP (B). Ekupheleni kuka-1921, uFrinze wahamba nokuhambela kwezepolitiki eTurkey. Ukuxhumana okujwayelekile kweSoviet nomholi waseTurkey Mustafa Kamalim Ataturk uvunyelwe ukuqinisa ukuxhumana kwe-Turkish-Soviet.
Ngemuva kwenguquko
Ngo-1923, ku-Oktyabrsky Plenum yeKomidi eliseCentral, lapho kunqunywa khona amabutho aphakathi kwabaholi bakwaTrotsky nabakwaTroka, uZinoviev naseKameNev, u-Frunze wasekela lo mbhalo ngokumelene nemisebenzi yeTrotsky. UMikhail Vasildevich usola i-comity yezindaba zamasosha ekuweni kwebutho elibomvu nokungabikho kohlelo olucacile lokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi bezempi. Ekuqaleni kokuphambuka kusuka kumasosha aphezulu amabutho, ama-trotskyists e-antonov-obsenko kanye ne-skenssanansky asusiwe. Umugqa we-frunze wasekelwa yinhloko yabasebenzi abajwayelekile beRiphabhulikhi yaseRedek Mikhail Tuhlachevsky.
Ngo-1924, uMikhail Frinze wadlula eSekela leNhloko, kuSihlalo we-USSR Revoentuit kanye ne-commiskere ezindabeni zezempi nezempi, waba ukhetho lwamalungu eKomidi eliseCentral I-RCP (B). UMichael Frunze ubuye wabhekisa endlunkulu yeRed Army kanye neRCKA Academy Academy.
I-Premit Frunze ngalesi sikhathi ingabhekwa njengokuvuselelwa kwamasosha, inhloso yalokho okwakungukunciphisa inani lebutho elibomvu, lenze ukuhlelwa kabusha kwabasebenzi bomyalo. Ukuphazamiseka ukwethula ubunye, uhlelo lwendawo lokuhlukanisa amabutho, lwabamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwezinhlaka ezimbili ezizimele ngaphakathi kwamasosha aseSoviet - amabutho aphakade kanye nokwahlukana kwezempi kwezempi.
Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuphunyuka kwaqhamuka umjelo wezempi, owachazwa ezincwadini eziningi - "Imfundiso Yezempi Ehlanganisiwe neRed Army", "imfundo yezempi yempi ebomvu", "ngaphambili nangemuva empini yesikhathi esizayo" , "Lenin neRed Army", "ukwakhiwa kwethu kwezempi kanye nemisebenzi yomphakathi wezesayensi."
Eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo, ukufika kanye namasosha amathangi, ama-artillery amasha nezikhali ezizenzakalelayo zibonakale ngenxa yemizamo yokuphambuka, kwakhiwa izikhali ezintsha nezindlela zokuzenzakalelayo, izindlela zokuqhuba usizo lwangemuva kwamasosha kwakhiwa. UMikhail Vasilyevich wakwazi ukuqinisa isimo embuthweni obomvu ngesikhathi esifushane. Ukuthuthuka kwe-theoretical kwamaqhinga namasu okulwa ezimeni zempi yempi yama-Imperialist, ebekwe nguFrunze, kwasetshenziswa ngokuphelele phakathi neMpi Yezwe II.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Akukho lutho olwaziwa ngempilo yomuntu siqu yeseva yempi ebomvu ngaphambi kwenguquko. UMikhail Frunze ushada ngemuva kweminyaka engama-30 kuphela emadodakazini kaSophier Alekseevna Popova. Ngo-1920, indodakazi kaTatyana yazalelwa emndenini, ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu - indodana ye-Thimur. Ngemuva kokushona kwabazali babazali, ugogo wamthatha wakhuliswa. Lapho oMkhulu bengekho, uMfoweth 'noDadewethu bawela emndenini kaMikhail Vasilyevich - klim voroshilov.
Ngemuva kokuphothula esikoleni, uTamur wabhalisa esikoleni sendiza, phakathi nempi wasebenza njengomshayeli wendiza. Ushone eminyakeni engu-19 esibhakabhakeni ngaphezulu kwesifunda seNovgorod. Wanikeza ngesihloko seqhawe leqhawe leSoviet Union. Indodakazi kaTatyana iphothule iziqu zeCheech Technology Institute, phakathi nempi ayisebenzele ngemuva. Washada namaLieutenant-General Anatoly Pavlova, lapho izingane ezimbili ezazalelwa khona iNdodana kaTimir nendodakazi ka-Elena. Inzalo kaMikhail Frunze ihlala eMoscow. Umzukulu ubandakanyeka kumakhemikhali.
Ukufa namahemuhemu ngokubulala
Ekwindla ka-1925, uMikhail Frunze waphenduka odokotela ngekwelashwa kwezilonda zesisu. I-General General yaqokwa okulula, ngemuva kwalokho, ngo-Okthoba 31, uFrunze wafa kungazelelwe. Imbangela esemthethweni yokufa kukaGeneral kwakuwukuthelela igazi, ngokuya ngenguqulo engekho emthethweni - Ukufa kwama-frunze kufaka phakathi uStalin.
Ngemuva konyaka, unkosikazi kaMikhail Vasilyevich wazibulala. Umzimba we-Frunze ungcwatshwe esikwele esikwele esibomvu, uSophia Alekseevna ethuneni likaNovoDevichy oseMoscow.
Ukukhumbula
Inguqulo engekho emthethweni yokufa kukaFrunze yathathwa njengesisekelo somsebenzi wePilnyak "I-MEMOIRAVE yenyanga evelele" neMemoirov of Emigrant Bazhanov "izinkumbulo zoNobhala Wezitaladi". I-biography of General yayingenandaba hhayi kuphela ngababhali, kodwa nakwamafilimu aseSoviet nabaseRussia. Isithombe sabaphathi abanesibindi sebutho elibomvu sasisetshenziswa kumafilimu angama-24, ngo-11 kwawo frunze wadlala umlingisi waseRoma Zhanovich Khomyatov.
Igama le-Commander libizwa ngokuthi imigwaqo, izindawo zokuhlala, izinto zendawo, izikebhe, zichithe ababhubhisi kanye nama-cruisers. Izikhumbuzo zesikhumbuzo uMikhail Frunze ezifakwe emadolobheni angaphezu kwama-20 eSoviet Union, kufaka phakathi eMoscow, eBishkek, e-Almaty, eSt. Petersburg, e-Ivanovo, eTashkent, eKiev. Izithombe ze-General Rka zikuzo zonke izincwadi zendaba entsha.
-Zuzayo
- Ngo-1919 - Ukuhleleka kwesibhengezo esibomvu
- Ngo-1920 - Isikhali Sokuhlobisa Isikhali