I-Biograge
IPrince Novgorod neKievsky Svyatoslav Igorevich ekhishwe yisimo saseRussia kusukela ngo-944 kuye kwangama-972. UMbusi uyaziwa ngemikhankaso yawo yamasosha nokunqoba, izimpi eziphikisana nesifundazwe saseBulgaria naseByzantium.
Ukuphela kwendodana kaPrince Igor noPrincess Olga baba yiSvyatoslav. Usuku oluqondile lokuzalwa kombusi wesikhathi esizayo alisaziwa. Ngokusho kohlu lwe-IPATEEV, iSvyatoslav Igorevich yazalwa ngo-942 (kweminye imithombo iminyaka engama-940). Irekhodi lomcimbi alikho ohlwini lwe-lavrentiev. Lokhu kubangela izingqinamba eziningi emvelweni yabapheli, ngoba imininingwane iyaphikisana. Emithonjeni ebhaliwe, 920 kumenyezelwe, kepha amazazi-mlando abheka lokhu kwasungulwa, hhayi iqiniso.
Ukukhuliswa kwendodana yenkosana kwabelwa emahlombe okuhlukahluka kwe-Asmud, okwakugxile kumakhono ayisisekelo. I-Svyatoslav young young eye yathola ulwazi olusulukhuni emikhankasweni yezempi: ubuciko bokulwa, ukuphathwa kwamahhashi, ukuzulazula, ukubhukuda, imaski yokuhlikihla. Ekomkhulu, kwaphendulwa omunye umeluleki - voivod svereeldld. Idatha yokuqala eSvyatoslav, ukubona ukuthi yisiphi esivumelwaneni saseRussia-Byzantine sikaPrince Igor, saqala ukuvela ngo-944. Ngemuva konyaka, isikhulu siyafa.
Ukufa kombusi kwaholela ekunganekani kwemizwa ngokushaja kakhulu uDani. Njengoba i-svyatoslav iGorevich iseseyingane, ama-brazsus ebhodi aqhubekela phambili mama - inkosazana ulga. Ngonyaka emva kokubulawa komyeni wakhe, u-Olga uya ezweni laseDreveryan. Njengoba kufanele kuholwe yiNhloko yoMbuso, uSvyatoslav oneminyaka emi-4 uqala impi kanye neqembu likayise. Umbusi osemusha wayinqoba le mpi. Inkosazana yenze walalela ama-razlyan. Ukuze izinhlekelele ezinjalo zingenzeki esikhathini esizayo, iRegent isebenzisa uhlelo lukahulumeni olusha.
Emikhakheni kuthiwa ebuntwaneni uSvyatoslav Igorevich akazange ahlukane nonina futhi wayehlala eKiev. Ososayensi bathole ubufakazi bokungathembeki kwalesi sahlulelo. U-Byzantine Emperor Konstantin Bagrryarorovnoe wakhuluma okulandelayo:
"Ama-monoxilles avela eRussia yangaphandle eConstantinople angenye yeNemogard, lapho uSfendoslav ayehleli khona, indodana ka-Ingora, i-Archont Rosia."Abaphenyi bakholelwa ukuthi iSvyatoslav ithuthele eNovgorod ngesicelo sikaYise. KwakuseKronike ukusho ngokuvakashela u-Olga waya eConstantinople. Ngasikhathi sinye, ikusasa lePrince lithi, ngaphandle kokubiza isihloko seSvyatoslav Igorevich.
Ukuqala kwebhodi
Encwadini ethi "Male of Bregone" kuthiwa umkhankaso wokuqala kaSvyatoslav Igorevich wenzeka ngo-964. Umgomo oyinhloko wombusi kwakuwukubekwa kweziteleka eKhazar Kaganat. Isikhulu sasingaphazanyiswa yi-vyatichi, eyayihlangene endleleni. Ukuhlaselwa eKhazar kuwele unyaka kamuva - ngo-965. Ku-Chronicle, kushiwo okulandelayo:
"Ehlobo 6473 (965), iSvyatoslav yaya eKhazar. Ukuzwa, amaKhazishi eza azohlangana naye nenkosana yaKhe uKagan futhi edidekile, futhi wanqoba iSvyatoslav Khazar empini, noHare no-Visey Visey bathatha. Futhi wanqoba i-Yasov Icasovov. "Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi okwesikhathi samanje se-svyatoslav kuveza imicimbi kolunye ukhiye. U-Ibn-Haukal waphikisa ukuthi inkosana yabhekana neKhazari kamuva echazwe kuma-Annals.
Okwesimanje kwakhunjulwa ezinye izenzo zamasosha ngokumelene neVolga Bulgaria, kepha akukho lwazi olunjalo emithonjeni esemthethweni. Yilokhu i-ibn haukal eshilo:
"I-Bulgar - Idolobha lincane, azikho izifunda eziningi kulo, futhi layaziwa ngeqiniso lokuthi wayeyichweba okushiwo izifundazwe okukhulunywe ngalo ngenhla, futhi i-Rus yakhe yaphatheka kabi futhi yafika eKhazaran, eSamandar nase-Itil ngonyaka ka-358 (968/969) Futhi wahamba masinyane emva kwezwe rum no-Andazus ... no-Al-Khazar - uhlangothi, futhi kukhona idolobha elikulo, elibizwa ngokuthi yi-SAMDAR, futhi usesikhaleni eliphakathi kwakhe nengane yakhe, Futhi kwakukhona izingadi eziningana kuyo ... kepha bafika lapho rus, bengashiywanga edolobheni uTom namagilebhisi, awekho omisiwe.Ngo-965, svyatoslav iGorevich ufika eSaryl e-Don. Izimpi eziningana ezidingekayo ukunqoba lo muzi. Kepha umbusi wawugubha kade wawugujwa, ngoba i-itele yavela endleleni - idolobha elikhulu laseKhazar Kaganat. Umnqobi uthole enye indawo - semender. Lo muzi okhazimulayo utholakala emabhange oLwandle iCaspian.
UKhazar kaganat wawa ngaphambi kwa-Natio Svyatoslav, kepha lokhu akwanele kumbusi. UPrince wazama ukunqoba nokuhlanganisa la mazwe ngemuva kwakhe. Ngokushesha uSarkel waqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi uWhite Visey. Ngokweminye imibiko, ngaleyo minyaka, iKiev yathola iTmutarakan. Kukholakala ukuthi amandla anqunywa kuze kube ukuqala kwama-980s.
Ezombusazwe zasekhaya
Inqubomgomo yangaphakathi yeSvyatoslav Igorevich yayisebenza. Phambi kwakhe, umbusi wabeka umgomo - eqinisa iziphathimandla ngokuheha abangane bezempi. Le nqubomgomo ayizange ihehe isikhulu esincane, ngakho-ke azikho izinguquko ezikhethekile emisebenzini yangaphakathi yombuso eminyakeni edlule yeBhodi yeSvyatoslav.
Ngaphandle kokungathandi izindaba zangaphakathi zaseRussia, iSvyatoslav Igorevich yethule ezinye izinguquko. Ikakhulu, yakha uhlelo olusha lokuqoqa intela nokuzithoba. Ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zesimo sasendulo saseRussia, kwakuhlelwa izindawo ezikhethekile - amabanga. Lapha babutha imali ezakhamizi. USvyatoslav Igorevich wakwazi ukunqoba i-vyatichi, ehlubuka kombusi. Ngesikhathi somkhankaso, isikhulu sasiphathwa ngabantu abansundu. Ngenxa yalokhu, uMgcinimafa waqala ukuphinda waphinda futhi. Naphezu komsebenzi kule ndlela, i-Princess Olga yathatha izinkathazo eziningi.
Ukuhlakanipha kwesikhulu esikhulu kuyabonakala emva kokuzalwa kwamadodana. USvyatoslav Igorevich wayedingeka agqoke izihlalo zobukhosi emadolobheni ahlukene abantu abathembekile nabazinikele. EKiev, imithetho ye-Yaropolk, e-Novgorod - uVladimir, u-Oleg waba yiNkosana yaseDrevyansky.
Inqubomgomo yakwelinye izwe
Inqubomgomo yezangaphandle isiphenduke uthando lwenkosana esencane. Ngenxa yakhe izimpi eziningana ezinkulu - ngoMbuso waseBulgaria noByzantium. Izinguqulo eziningi emlandweni zinalezi izehlakalo ezibalulekile zeRussia. Izazi-mlando ziyekile ngokuhlukahlukana ezimbili ekulweni nombuso waseBulgaria. Umbono wokuqala ukuthi konke kwaqala ngokungqubuzana phakathi kweByzantia nombuso waseBulgaria. Kulokhu, uMbusi WaseByzantine wafaka isicelo sosizo kuSvyatoslav Igorevich. Kwakungamaqhawe akhe okwakumele ahlasele iBulgaria.
Umbono wesibili ulele eqinisweni lokuthi uByzantium wazama ukwenza buthaka inkosana ye-KEH, njengoba umbusi ekwazi ukunqoba umhlaba wawo. Futhi e-Byzantine State Kwakungekho ukuthula kwengqondo: inxusa elifikile eSvyatoslav lanquma ukuhlela umbusi wakhe. Ugwebe isikhulu saseRussia, wamthembisa amazwe aseBulgaria nengcebo evela engcebweni yeByzantium.
Ukuhlaselwa kweBulgaria kwenzeka ngo-968. USvyatoslav Igorevich wakwazi ukunqoba abaphikisi futhi anqobe i-pereyaslavl, etholakala emlonyeni we-danube. Ubudlelwano neSyzantine State baqala ukuwohloka kancane kancane. Ngawo lowo nyaka, kwenziwa umngcele wePechenegs eKiev, ngakho isikhulu kwadingeka ukuthi sibuyele enhlokodolobha yaseRussia ukuba ibuyele enhlokodolobha. Ngo-969, i-Princess Olga yafa, eyayihlanganyela enkonzweni yangaphakathi yombuso. Lokhu kuqhume i-svyatoslav iGorevich ukuheha izingane ebhodini. INkosana yayingafuni ukuhlala enhlokodolobha:
"Akuyena umuntu ohlala eKiev, ngifuna ukuhlala e-pereyaslavs eDanube - ngokuba maphakathi nomhlaba ukhona, zonke izinzuzo zithathwa lapho: kusukela ezweni lamaGrikhi egolide, ePavolok, amawayini, izithelo ezahlukahlukene; kusuka eCzech Republic naseHungary Silver namahhashi; Ukusuka eRussia nase-wax, uju nezigqila.Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kwakunguHulumeni waseByzantine owahlela ukugeleza ngamaBulgaria, okwathi kwaphenduka usizo ekulweni ne-svyatoslav kubo. Umbusi wacabanga isikhathi eside, ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani, kodwa wabe esethatha isinqumo sokuqinisa isimo sakhe ngomshado we-Dynastic. Ekupheleni kuka-969, uMbusi uyafa, kwathi uJohn Zimischi akhuphuka esihlalweni sobukhosi. Akavumelanga ukuthola indodana nendodana yaseBulgantine.
Ukubona ukuthi iByzantium akusekho umsizi, iziphathimandla zoMbuso waseBulgaria zinquma ukuphetha isivumelwano neSvyatoslav Igorevich. Ngokubambisana ababusi baya ngokulwa ne-Byzantium. Ukungezwani kwamasosha phakathi kombuso nombuso waseRussia kwanda. Kancane kancane, amabutho adonsele izinqaba. Ngo-970, ukuhlaselwa kweByzantium kwenzakala. Ngasohlangothini lweSvyatoslav kwakukhona abantu baseBulgarian, amaHungarians kanye nePechenegs. Naphezu kwezinzuzo ezinkulu ngenani lamasosha, empini ejwayelekile, iPrince Svyatoslav Igorevich yachotshozwa.
Ngemuva konyaka, amabutho abuyiselwe amandla futhi aqala futhi ukwenza ukuhlasela izwe laseByzantine. Manje sengigijimela empini yababusi. Futhi abalwa e-Byzantium baphumelela kakhudlwana. Bathumba inkosi yaseBulgaria yathumba futhi yasondela eSvyatoslav. Kwenye yezimpi zenkosana ezilimele. Emva kwalokho, umbusi waseByzantine noMbusi waseRussia wahlala phansi etafuleni lokuxoxisana. I-Svyatoslav Igorevich ishiya iBulgaria, kepha ibuyisela ubudlelwano bezempi nge-Byzantium. Manje ingxenye esempumalanga yesifunda saseBulgaria ilalela umbusi. Izindawo zaseNtshonalanga zithole inkululeko.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Uhambo lwezempi lwaluyinjongo eyinhloko yeSvyatoslav Igorevich. Impilo yomuntu siqu yePrince yaphumelela. Umbusi wazala amadodana amathathu - i-Yaropolk, u-Oleg noVladimir. Emahlombe amadodana amancane kwakukhona ukukhathazeka ngenqubomgomo yangaphakathi yombuso, kanti ubaba uzuza amasimu amasha.
Emibhalweni esemthethweni yaleso sikhathi akukho lwazi ngomkakhe owazala amadodana aphezulu. Kuyaziwa ngeMama Vladimir. Owesifazane akazange ashade nenkosana, kodwa kwakuyinsangu lesancinza.
Ukufa nememori
I-Biography ye-Svyatoslav iGorevich yephulwe ngoMashi 972. Isikhulu asikwazanga ukuhlala emlonyeni we-Dnieper. Kanye nebutho, umbusi wazama ukuvela ngokuqashelwa kwamaPechenegs. Kwakuyiphutha eliyinhlekelele, ngoba ama-Fighter abuthakathaka awela ezandleni zabalingani. Ama-Pechenegs aqhekekile abhubhile ngeSvyatoslav:
"Futhi wamhlasela ebhema, iPrince Pechenezysky; Futhi i-svyatoslav yabulawa, yanquma ikhanda, yenza isitsha sekhanda, ihamba ngekhanda, futhi ngemuva kokuphuza kuyo. "
Ngesikhathi sokubusa, inkosana yandise insimu yombuso futhi yathola isidlaliso ngesibindi. I-Svyatoslav ibizwa kakhulu ngezinkomba zomlando. Imemori yeSvyatoslav Igorevich isaphila. Isithombe sesikhulu-iqhawe sasetshenziswa ezincwadini zobuciko, ubuciko. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, isikhumbuzo sokuqala "Svyatoslav esendleleni eya ePial Grad" kwavela. Ama-scarpture atholakala eKiev nasezifundeni zase-Ukraine.
Isithombe esiyingqayizivele siyatholakala kwi-Intanethi. Amakhosi ngokwencazelo yalabo besikhathi sabantu besikhulu seNkosana badala isithombe: indoda ephakeme ephakathi, ukubhema, ngamashiya amnyama, amehlo amade, amabele abanzi kanye namabele abanzi.