I-Biograge
Ngobuhle nethalente, uTamar Makarov obizwa ngokuthi yiRussian Greta Great. Futhi uma uMuga Tamara Fedorovna - USergey Gerasimov - ohlonishwayo obonwa ngumqondisi omkhulu weSoviet Cinema, khona-ke unkosikazi wakhe onethalente wamehlo akhe ayeyintokazi yokuqala yeSoviet Cinema. Umculi wabantu weSoviet Union waphila impilo ende futhi efanelekayo.Ubuntwana nentsha
Umlingisi wazalwa ngo-1907 enhlokodolobha esenyakatho emndenini ohlakaniphile wodokotela wezempi. Eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala yokuphila, le ntombazane yamunca okungcono kakhulu kusukela enkathini: imikhuba emihle, ukuqonda okucashile kobuciko, isimo saseRussiabelisa. Ubuntwana baphela ngo-1917 ngokufa kukababa: Lo mndeni wayazi indlala nobumpofu. Kepha intombazane ayizange ilahlile i-ballet studio, lapho othisha bemshiya khona umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu we-ballerina, futhi utadishe esikoleni.
Lapho eneminyaka engu-14, iTamara Makarov Theatre yabuthana "Troupe", okubandakanya ontanga yakhe - bafana abangomakhelwane. Ngokushesha inhlekelele yegceke ijikijelwe izilaleli ngokusebenza kwama-amateur. Abaculi abasebasha bakhombisa inani eliphakeme lekhono, lapho kwakubhaliswa khona i-makarova troupe.
Ngezinkulumo, abafana bakhokhe amasosha isinkwa, abakhuthazayo ukuba baqhubeke nomsebenzi osebenzayo. Ngemuva kokuthola iziqu esikoleni sabasebenzi, uTamara Makarov waba ngumfundi we-Theatre Workshop ye-Forreger. Ngesikhathi sokufika kukaMakarova (1924) umhlangano wokusebenzela wangena ekwakhiweni kweGityas. Kufundwe uSergey Gerasimov lapha, uBoris Barnet, uLyudmila Semenova.
Amafilimu
I-cinematic biography kaTamara Makarova yaqala ngo-1926, ngokufinyelela kwizikrini zomdwebo "umfokazi Pijak". Iqhaza kule filimu lithole intombazane eneminyaka engu-19 ngengozi: wathukuthela emgwaqweni, ebuza ukuthi ngabe akafuni yini ukudlala kuma-movie. Ngemuva kwamasampula, uMakarov wavunywa, futhi wenza i-run yakhe ku-ribbon yobuciko esithombeni senjini yewele. Iqhaza lobuhle bokuyenga lavula umnyango kwi-cinema. Eseqo lwe-Actress noSergey Gerasimov, owadlala umenzeli kaScalkuvsky, waqubuka inoveli. Ngemuva konyaka, abadlali bashada.
Ngo-1927, uTamara Makarova ubuyela eLeningrad wangena kwinqubo yeshashalazi, eyayiphothula iminyaka emithathu. Ngemuva kokuba ngumlingisi oqinisekisiwe, ngo-1930, uTamara Makarova ubekelwe inkanyezi esiqeshini se-melodramas. Izindima ezinkulu ziye kumculi ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu kuphrojekthi yefilimu ye-vsevolod Pudovkin "deserter" kanye neteyipu ye-melodramatic ka-Ivan Pyrhev " Kepha impumelelo enkulu iyindima ebalulekile empendweni womyeni wakhe "uyakuthanda?".
Inkazimulo Yonke Inyunyana yawa eTamar Makarov ngo-1936, lapho ifilimu ye-adventure reedy gerasimov "eziyisikhombisa ngesibindi" zeza kwizikrini. Lesi isithombe sabahloli bama-polar abanesibindi. Abasebenzi befilimu baya kuhambo oluya enyakatho, lapho abadlali bahlungwa khona endaweni yangempela. Lesi sithombe saletha impumelelo kuMqondisi, umbhali weScript Yuri Herman nabalingisi. UTamara Makarova, uPeter Alerikov no-Oleg Zhakov bavuke bedumile kulo lonke izwe.
Ngo-1938 nango-1939, umlingisi omncane wamboza igagasi elisha lempumelelo: idrama enethemba eliphathelene nendawo yokwakha yekhulu le-komsomolsk lekhulu le-komsomolsk kanye ne-movie "uthisha" weza kwizikrini. Ama-movie asuse uSergey Gerasimov ngokubhala imibhalo. Izindima eziphambili ezimibheni zaya kumkaTamara Makarova. Ukuze uthole umsebenzi "Uthisha" Tamara Fedorovna uthole umklomelo wokuqala - umklomelo we-stalinist.
UMakarov waba ngumnyuziyamu weSergei Gerasimov, akwethemba ukuthi ukufakwa kwabalingiswa abasemqoka kumaphrojekthi akhe. Unkosikazi wadlala uNina eDrama "Masquerade" - ukuhlolwa komkhiqizo ofanayo we-classic. Ukuhlunga kwefilimu kwaphela ngobusuku buka-June 22, 1941, kwathi ekuseni izwe lafunda ngokuqala kweMpi Yezwe II. Ngo-1942, uSergey Gerasimov ku-Disive Tandem ngeMikhail Kalatozov, ususe isithombe esithi "ukunqotshwa", lapho kuvela khona uMakarov esithombeni soNjiniya u-Nastya Koweva. Ngonyaka olandelayo, abashadikazi bashiye ukuphuma okuphoqelekile.
Ngo-1944, idrama gerasimov "Umhlaba omkhulu" yadedelwa kwizikrini. Emafilimu anikezelwe eTrate of People engemuva, uTamara Makarova uvele emfanekisweni wesisebenzi sedolobhana, esithathelwe indawo yi-lathe yomyeni wakhe owaya phambi komyeni wakhe. Lesi sithombe saphumelela, futhi izilaleli kanye nabasojikeli ifilimu bavuma ukuthi indima ka-Anna Sviridova yimisebenzi kaMakarova ngo-1940-50.
Isithombe sokuqala sempi yempi yeTamara Makarova - I-Kinoscale "Imbali Yezinkawu". Endimeni yenkosikazi yentaba yethusi, umlingisi wakhunjulwa yizigidi zababukeli abasebasha. Ngo-1946, "imbali yamatshe" yaba ngumholi wokusatshalaliswa kwamafilimu: Ifilimu yabukela abantu abayizigidi ezingama-23. Ifilimu lathola umklomelo we-jury weCannes Film Festival. Umculi waseSovi esithuthukile nowethalente, owafika neqembu emkhosini, wabona abakhiqizi baseNtshonalanga, bemnika ukudlala eKinear "Anna Karenina". Kepha imvume yokudubula uMakarov ayinikezanga.
Ngo-1946, umlingisi wanikezwa umklomelo wesibili we-Stalin wokusebenza kwifilimu lobuciko "Funa". Kuze kube ngasekupheleni kwawo-1940, uTamara Makarova ubeka inkanyezi "ecaleni elincane", umqondisi wawo kwakungumyeni wakhe. Ekuguqukeni kwenoveli, u-Alexander Fadeeva, umdwebi wadlala uMama Oleg Koshevoy. Ngo-1949, umlingisi uTamara Makarov uthole isihloko seRiphabhulikhi yabantu. Ngawo-1950s, umlingisi wadubula kancane ngokugxila emandleni ekufundiseni eVGIK. Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1960s, waba nguprofesa wethiyashi yaseshashalazini. Ukusuka kwimisebenzi ekhanyayo yalesi sikhathi - imidwebo "Udokotela Wasemakhaya", "Iqiniso Lemgwaqo" ne "Inhliziyo Memory".
Ngo-1970-80, uTamara Makarova uvele kuphela emidwebo yeSergei Gerasimov. Izilaleli zabona umculi wakhe azithandayo kumafilimu "abantu kanye nezilwane", "Intatheli", "amadodakazi kamama", izimbaza "ekuqaleni kwezindaba ezikhazimulayo" kanye "nentsha kaPeter." Abafundi uMakarova noGerasimov baba uNatalia Bondarchuk noSergey Bondarchuk, Ludmila Gurchenko, Nikolai Eremenko Jr., Nikolai Eremenko Jr., Alla Lionov.
Umsebenzi wokugcina womqondisi no-Actress waba yidrama mayelana nezinsuku zokugcina zempilo ye-Classics "Leo Tolstoy", lapho umlobi adlala khona uSergey Gerasimov, futhi umkakhe - uTamara Makarova. UKinokartina uthole umklomelo oyinhloko eKarlovy Vary. Le filimu yakhishwa kwizikrini ngo-1984, futhi ngonyaka olandelayo uMqondisi akazange. Ukuqhakaza okwengeziwe akudutshulwa, yize enikelwe izindima kaningi. Ngomnyaka wama-90 womyeni wakhe, uTamara Makarova wakhipha izikhumbuzo, wababiza ngokuthi "Afterword".
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Abashadikazi babonakala njengophawu oluyisibonelo - umqondisi odumile nemnyuziyamu wakhe omuhle. Kepha kuphela abangane abaseduze abaziyo ukuthi ucashe ngemuva "kombukiso" oyisibonelo. Ivila kuphela elingazange likhulume ngemuva kwabashadikazi mayelana nengcebo ye-Sergey Gerasimov evuthayo neBrilliant.
UGerasimov, lapho abalingisi abancane ababuke khona ngokudumiswa, behluleka njalo ukumelana nezilingo, okuthi uTamara Makarova uyazi kahle. Kepha angikaze ngiziqhenye ngowesifazane akazange ehle ekuphindiseleleni noma ehlathini ngezimbangi. Izinganekwane zahamba ngezivimba zakhe nokuzola.
Umshado kaGerasimov noMakarova babengenamntwana. UTamara Fedororovna wafafaza uthando lwababeleli olungafundile abafundi kanye nendodana yokutholwa - umshana u-Arthur Makarov, lowo uSergey Gerasimov wanikeza igama lakhe eliphakathi nobani. UMakarov waba ngumlobi nombhali weChinazenarist. Efasweni lakhe, imidwebo ethandwayo "ama-adventures amasha ahlukile", "i-mina yegolide", "umgexo weCharlotte". UMakarov ushone eminyakeni engama-64: Isimo sitholwe efulethini nge-Swift Dagger kusuka kuqoqo le-gerasimov.
Ukushona
UTamara Fedorovna wayekhathazeke kakhulu ngokufa komyeni wakhe nomshana wakhe. Ngemuva kokushona kukaGerasimov, uMakarov wavalwa ezindongeni ezine, akadutshulwa futhi akazange ahambe emhlabeni, akazange anikeze izingxoxo. Wasinda kumlingani iminyaka eyi-12, nendodana eneminyaka emi-2 yokutholwa.Umlingisi Omkhulu wafa eminyakeni engama-89, ngoJanuwari 20, 1997. Umngcwabo kaTamara Makarova weza amakhulu kubafundi bakhe ababa izinkanyezi ze-cinema yaseSoviet neyaseRussia. Imbangela yabalingisi bokufa ababizwa ngokulangazelela umyeni nendodana ethandekayo. Ngangcwaba umdwebi wabantu ngesakhiwo se-10 seNovodevichi.
Izics
- 1927 - "" Alien Pijak "
- Ngo-1933 - "Deserter"
- 1934 - "Uyakuthanda?"
- Ngo-1936- "Isikhombisa Esibi"
- 1938 - Komsomolsk
- Ngo-1939 - "Mfundisi"
- 1941 - "Masquerade"
- Ngo-1942 - "Akunakunqotshwa"
- 1946 - "Imbali yamatshe"
- Ngo-1948 - "Gunyaza"
- Ngo-1948 - "Inganekwane yale ndoda"
- 1952 - "Udokotela Wasemakhaya"
- 1962 - "Abantu Nezilwane"
- 1974 - "Amadodakazi kamama"
- 1980 - "Intsha KaPeter"
- 1984 - "Ibhubesi Tolstoy"