I-Biograge
U-Alexander Sokirov - Umqondisi, Umlobi, Umlingisi, Matcher waseRussia Cinema kanye nakwabasebenzi bakahulumeni. Igama laleli ngethalente ngesinqumo se-European Film Academy lifakiwe ohlwini lomqondisi omuhle kakhulu we-World Cinema.Ubuntwana nentsha
U-Alexander Nikolaevich wazalwa ngoJuni 14, 1951 esifundeni sase-Irkutsk, edolobhaneni elincane lasePodorvikh. Kepha manje le ndawo yezimvula, lapho izwe lalicebe khona ngamazambane nemifino, lingatholakali ebalazweni laseRussia, ngoba ngo-1956 idolobhana nesiteshi ligcwaliswe lapho kugcwala indawo yokudlela ye-Irkutsk.
USokurov wakhula wakhuphuka emndenini we-Frovik. Umqondisi kaPapa - obambe iqhaza eMpini Yempi Enkulu Yempi, eyayiphawula enkundleni yempi ngezinwele zayo. Ngenxa yokuthi ubaba ka-Alexander Nikolayevich wayeyindoda yezempi, umndeni wakwaSokirov wayevame ukususwa ezindaweni ngezindawo. Ngakho-ke, isibalo se-cinema esizayo saqala ukuqonda idiploma ePoland People's Republic, futhi sathola isitifiketi semfundo yesibili eSunny Turkmenistan.
Ngemuva kokuphothula esikoleni, le nsizwa yaqhubeka nemfundo, ngo-1968 ukukhetha kwakhe kwawela eyunivesithi yaseGorky State, eyayiseNovhny Novgorod. USokurov waba ngumfundi wobuhlakani obungokomlando, kwathi ngo-1974 wathola idiploma. Mhlawumbe u-Alexander Nikolaivich uzoba ngumfundisi omkhulu ngokutshela abafundi ngenqubomgomo ka-Ivan embi, mayelana namabala amnyama eNicholas II Biography, mayelana nezinye izinto eziningi, kepha isiphetho sikaSokirov sazenza izinguquko zaso.
U-Alexander wanquma ukuhlanganisa impilo ne-movie, ngakho ngo-1975 wangena eVGIK. Lapho, le nsizwa yaqala ukuya emhlanganweni wokucwaninga wokucwaninga namafilimu athandwayo ngaphansi kobuholi baka-Alexander Mikhailovich Zguuridi, lapho ahlangana khona nomngane wakhe uYuri Abramov.
USokurov wayengumfundi onekhono, wajabula kakhulu nabazali abaneminyaka emihlanu encwadini yesikweletu, owanikezwa umfundaze ohlonishwayo kaSergei Eisenstein. Ithalente elingenakuphikiswa nokususa kwasiza u-Alexander Nikolayevich ukuthi aphumelele izivivinyo ngaphandle futhi aphothule eVGIK unyaka wonke ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokugcina. Kepha ngesinyathelo esinjalo, umqondisi wesikhathi esizayo akahambanga esifiso sakhe, kodwa ngenxa yokungqubuzana okukhulayo ngesisekelo sokuhlelekile. Futhi, ikusasa le-movie kaGenius lalimangalelwa ngemizwa yokulwa neSoviet.
Amafilimu
Ekuqaleni, u-Alexander Nikolayevich owenze ikhono lokuqondisa, esusa ividiyo efushane. Umsebenzi wokudubula we-sokirov ngemitha egcwele kwakuyifilimu ebizwa ngokuthi "izwi lomuntu onesizungu", ngokusekelwe emisebenzini ka-Andrei Platonov. Kususwe ngo-1978, ubuholi balesi sikhungo abavumanga futhi bakhuthaze ukuba babhubhise. Lesi sithombe sasindiswa ngu-opharetha we-reegey yizditsky, sibuyisela le filimu futhi sithathe okwangempela, noma kunjalo, wayelinde eminye iminyaka engu-9.Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ifilimu, eyayifuna ukuqeda, yaba ngumuntu ophakanyisiwe kanye nodokotela waseMedlina emikhosini eminingi yamafilimu. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi umsebenzi wokuqala wobude obugcwele ka-Alexander Sokirov uthole impendulo enhle evela ku-guru ye-cinema yaseRussia ka-Andrei Tarkovsky, kamuva wasekela umuntu ozakwabo we-novice. Wayekholelwa ukuthi uSoziurova wayenezinto eziyinqaba, azinakuchazeka, aziphukuphuku, aziqondakali, aziqondakali. Kepha naphezu kwalokhu, okubizwa ngokuthi umqondisi we-Genius.
Ngokulandelayo, insizwa ethile yafuna ukuhlanganisa impilo neMosfilm, kepha izimo zomsebenzi azizange zihlelwe. Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha kukaSokirov kwawela eLenfilm. Ekuncomeni kweTarkovsky kwaqoshwa lapho ngo-1980. Ngo-1981, u-Alexander Nikolaevich waba ngumqondisi we-Fracic Requiem "Dmitry Shostakovich. Alto Sonata, "etshela ngomqambi wobungcweti nangokuphela kobuhlungu bomculi onesizungu.
Ngo-1986, izilaleli zabona itheyipu kaSokirov "no-Alla Osipenko, u-Irina Sokolova noVladimir Zamansky ezindimeni eziphakeme. Ifilimu ukuguqulwa kwemidlalo kaBernard Shaw "lapho izinhliziyo ziphukile khona."
U-Alexander Nikolaevich waba ngumlobi wamafilimu amafushane "isisulu sakusihlwa", esathola umklomelo wokuqhutshwa kwamanye amazwe okwenziwa nge-15 mmkf kanye nomklomelo okhethekile wememori ye-Andrei Tarkovsky. Kepha le filimu nayo iya ezikrinini ngokubambezeleka kweminyaka emithathu.
Akumangazi ukuthi umsebenzi ka-Alexander Nikolayevich wawungaphansi kokugxekwa, ngoba umsebenzi wakhe wawuhlukaniswa kakhulu ngenxa yezinto ezithandwayo ze-goskin nezombuso: kuze kube sekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1980s akukho msebenzi owamukelwa ehholo.
Ngalesi sizathu, uTarkovsky wahlela umngani esuka kwelinye izwe, kepha uSokirov wenqaba ukukhishwa kweHollywood, ngoba, naphezu kwengcindezelo evela kubaphathi, u-Alexander Nikolaevich wahlala eyisisekelo saseRussia, owahlonishwa yisiko lakhe. Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1980s, lesi simo sesishintshile: Amafilimu angatholanga imikhiqizo esongwe yaboniswa ezilalelini eziningi futhi amelela iRussia kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemikhosi.
Ihlutshiwe ngobunye ubudlelwano obususelwa emsebenzini we-Arcadia ne-Boris Strugatsky Film "Izinsuku Esesisulo" bangene ohlwini lwamafilimu amahle kakhulu kuwo wonke umlando we-cinema yasekhaya eRussia.
Ngo-1994, u-Alexander Nikolavich wethule emphakathini idrama elikhona "amakhasi ethule", lapho kudlalwa khona ama-alexander chapels noSergey Barkovsky. Leteyipu yayiwuhlobo lokuhunyushwa kwemisebenzi ye-Russian prosaikov yekhulu le-XIX. Isakhiwo sasisuselwa ku-Roman F. M. DOSTOVSKY "ubugebengu kanye nesijeziso". Umqondisi wefilimu wazama ukuphinda umkhathi, oboshwe yincwadi kaFyodor Mikhailovich.
Ikhulu leminyaka laqala ngenkosi enethalente elivela kwifilimu elibhalwe phansi mayelana nokuphila nobuciko bomlobi waseJapan uTosio Simao. Kuyafaneleka ukusho ukuthi lesi sithombe sahlungwa ngokuhleleka kwesiteshi sethelevishini selanga elikhuphukayo.
"Moloch", enyatheliswa ngo-1999, kwaba yitheyipu ye-debut of the "tetralogy of Power" - uchungechunge lwe-sokirov mayelana nabameleli bezepolitiki besikhathi sezepolitiki. Engxenyeni yokuqala, u-Adolf Hitler, efakwe ngohlaka lukaLeonid Mozrekov, waba ngumlingiswa ophambili. Ifilimu, eshicilelwe ngesiJalimane, ngoba ukuthembeka okukhulu kufakwe ehlobo ehlobo eliphakeme lezintaba laseHitler - Kelstinhaus.
Ukuqhubeka kwe-tetralogy ngo-2000 kwakuyidrama "Taurus". Iqhaza eliphambili futhi kulokhu laya kuLeonid Mozpoy - wadlala uVladimir Ilyich Lenin eminyakeni yokugcina yempilo yakhe. Lesi sithombe sathola umklomelo we-Nika ekuphakanyisweni okungu-7, kubandakanya nomsebenzi omuhle kakhulu wesiqondisi. Ifilimu elandelayo yochungechunge obizwa ngokuthi "ilanga" le-sokir enikezelwe e-Hopasese Emperor Hirohito.
Iphrojekthi yokuhlola yomqondisi kwakuyi-Ribbon mayelana nomlando wesigodlo sasebusika "Umkhumbi waseRussia", ihlulwe yi-Double eyodwa ngaphandle kokuhlelwa kokuhlelwa.
Ngo-2009, u-Alexander nikolavich wajabulisa abalandeli bobuhlakani bakhe ngefilimu elibhalwe phansi "Sifunda incwadi yeBlockade", lapho u-Oleg basloshvili, u-O Antonova no-Ivan Krasko.
Umcimbi obalulekile kwakuwukuvulwa komhlangano we-sokirov, okokuqala eMnyangweni we-Cinema kanye nethelevishini KBSU eNalchik, bese kuthi lapho eSt Petersburg Institute of Cinema nethelevishini.
Ugqugquzelwe ngumsebenzi kaJohann Wolfgang von Goethe, umqondisi ususe ingxenye yokugcina, yesi-4 yeTetralogy - Fantasy Drama "Faust". Lesi sithombe sanikezwa amaphrimiyamu amaningana ahlonishwayo, phakathi kwawo 'kwakuyibhubesi legolide'.
U-Alexander Nikolaevich waphinda wagcwalisa amafilimu kaFrance yiFrance, eJalimane kanye neFiletherlands Fillography. Ngo-2015, inkosi yakuveza emcimbini wefilimu weVenice kanye noCatherine Mtsituridze. Ngefomethi enamandla, itheyipu ye-sokurov ngokwakhe yakhuluma yindaba.
Ngo-2018, umqondisi waba yilungu lefilimu elibhalwe phansi "Umbani ushaya esihlahleni esiphakeme", ezinikezelwe ekufundeni okungu-100 ukuzalwa komlobi ovelele waseRussia u-Alexander Solzhenitsyn.
Isikhundla somphakathi
U-Alexander Nikolaevich ubelokhu ehlukaniswa yisikhundla somphakathi esishiwoyo, engxoxweni, uzitshela ngokungananazi njengebhizinisi eliyintandokazi nemibono yakhe kwezepolitiki noma kwezombusazwe nakwamanye amazwe.
"Ngikholwa ukuthi isimo eRussia singashintshwa ngenhla. Futhi kungaba kuhle ukuqala phezulu, uma umuntu onohlelo lokusiza abantu, nokwazi okuhle ngokwesifundazwe kuba ekhanda lombuso, "kusho uSokisovv the jontanka oxhumana naye.Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-Alexander Nikolaevich wakhuluma ngokungqubuzana ne-Ukraine: Ngokubona kwakhe, ama-Ukraine angabantu abahlukile abanelungelo lokufuna umbuso ohlukile.
Ngo-2018, uSokirov waba yilungu loMkhandlu ngaphansi koMongameli weRussia Federation ukuze athuthukiswe umphakathi kanye namalungelo abantu.
Umqondisi, kanye nalowo owenziwe nguVladimir Spivakov noTheodore Boris Grebenchikov kanye nezinye izinombolo zamasiko ngokubhala ezidluliselwe kwi-UNESCO ngesicelo sokwenza izikhumbuzo zeNagorno-Karabakh ukuya kohlu lwamagugu omhlaba ngokuvikelwa kwazo nokulondolozwa.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Impilo yomuntu siqu ka-Alexander Sokirov iyafana nencwadi yezimpawu eziyisikhombisa. Kukholakala ukuthi umqondisi uhlala eyi-bachelor, ngenxa yakhe umsebenzi owenzelwe umshayeli wefilimu kwasekuqaleni, kunokuba umlingani nezingane.Kuyaziwa ukuthi isithelo esenqatshelwe simnandi. Ngakho-ke, isikhala somuntu siqu senhlalo siyicocekile yabezindaba. Hhayi kanye, izindaba zadutshulwa yizihloko ezisolwa ukuthi zihlwanyela ngasese zihlangana nabafazi bezinye izisebenzi nabaxhasi abacebile. Kepha la mahemuhemu okucindezela okuphuzi awaneso isiqinisekiso esithembekile.
Izithombe ezinamantombazane amangalisayo ezivela ezincwadini ziqinisekisa ukuthi osaziwayo behambisana nohlaka lwabesifazane kuphela - ozakwabo abasebenza kulowokusebenzelana.
U-Alexander Sokir Manje
Manje umqondisi akanandaba ne-cinema kanye nokuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene kokudala kule ndawo.
Ngo-2021, umama waphawula usuku lokuzalwa, u-Alexander Nikolayevich waphenduka eneminyaka engama-70 ubudala. Mayelana nosuku olukhulu, izincwadi eziningi zikhiphe izihloko ezinikezelwe kuMqondisi, iJubili elifanayo lanikeza ingxoxo noNovaya Gazeta. USokurov wakhuluma ngale minyaka ekwakhekeni kulo msebenzi, kubandakanya nobudlelwano obunzima ne-KGB kanye nomzabalazo wokuzibona ngokwakho ezimweni zokucwaninga okunzima.
U-Alexander Nikolavich uzwakalise futhi waxabana nemisebenzi yoMnyango Wezamasiko, ukholelwa ukuthi lo mnyango ubekelwe isikhathi eside isikhathi eside, okungukuthi ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha.
Izics
- 1980 - "kudilizwa"
- 1986 - "Ampir"
- 1988 - "Izinsuku Esifezile"
- Ngo-1990 - "isiyingi sesibili"
- 1992 - "Itshe"
- 1994 - "Amakhasi athulayo"
- 1997 - "Umama nendodana"
- 1999 - "Moloch"
- 2001 - "Taurus"
- 2002 - "Umkhumbi waseRussia"
- 2003 - "Ubaba nendodana"
- 2005 - "Ilanga"
- Ngo-2007 - "Alexander"
- 2011 - "Faust"
- 2015 - "Francophonia"
I-Bibliography
- 2011 - "Maphakathi nolwandle"