I-Biograge
Wayengusomabhizinisi ophumelelayo futhi iminyaka eminingana ephethwe ukuba afunde inhlanhla enkulu, okuzoba nokuqinisekisa wonke umndeni - amakhosikazi nezingane ezinhlanu. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, le ndoda yafika ekhaya yathi yayifuna ukuqashwa kwezezimali ukushintshana ngopende wamafutha, amabhulashi kanye ne-canvas. Ngakho-ke, washiya ukushintshana ngesitoko, wathanda ibhizinisi lakhe elithandayo, washiya noma yini.
Manje i-Post permixionist canvas yama-Gaugaen Fields awalinganiswanga hhayi isigidi samadola. Isibonelo, ngonyaka ka-2015, isithombe sawomculi sibizwa ngokuthi "lapho umshado?" (1892), okubonisa ama-taits amabili kanye nokubukeka okuhle kwendawo eshisayo, kwathengiswa endalini ngama- $ 300 million. Kepha kwavela ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuphila, njengomuntu osebenza naye waseFrance, njengomuntu osebenza naye kuVan Gogh, akazange athole ukuqashelwa okuhle futhi inkazimulo. Ngenxa yobuciko, uGaen wazivimba ngamabomu ebukhoneni buka-waller ompofu futhi washintshana ngempilo ecebile ngobumpofu obungakhululeki.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Umculi wesikhathi esizayo wazalelwa edolobheni lothando - inhloko-dolobha yaseFrance - 7, 1848, kuleso sikhathi esinezinkinga, lapho izwe laseCezanna noParmesan belinde ukushaqeka kwezepolitiki, kuboniswe ezimpilweni zazo zonke izakhamizi - kusukela ku-UNNO Abathengisi ababonakalayo kosomabhizinisi abakhulu. Insimu kababa, eKlovis, - ungxibonkulu omuhle kaNelean, owayesebenza ngentatheli ekhululekile ephephandabeni lendawo "uNaconal" futhi wamboza ngokucophelela incwadi yezindaba zomphakathi.
Unkosikazi wakhe u-Alina Maria wayengowokuzalwa eSunny Peru, wakhula wakhulisa emndenini ophawulekayo. Umama ka-Alina futhi, ugogo kaGajen, indodakazi engekho emthethweni yabaphathi bakaDon Mariano noFlora Tistan, banamathela emibonweni yezenhlalo yase-Utopian Socialism, yaba ngumbhali wezincwadi ezibucayi kanye nencwadi yokubuka ". Inyunyana kaFlora nomyeni wakhe u-Andre Chazali baphela ngokudabukisayo: intaba-bathandwa abahlaseli bahlasela umngane wakhe womshado futhi baya ejele ukuze bazame ukubulawa kwabantu.
Ngenxa yezikhuphu zezepolitiki eFrance, eKlovis, ekhathazekile ngokuphepha komndeni, yaphoqeleka ukuba iphunyuke ezweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziphathimandla zamboza umshicileli, lapho asebenza khona, futhi intatheli yahlala ngaphandle kokuziphilisa. Ngakho-ke, inhloko yomndeni, kanye nomlingani wakhe nezingane zabancane, bahamba ngomkhumbi ePeru ngo-1850.
Ubaba kaHejen wagcwala ngethemba elihle: Waphupha ngokuxazulula esifundazweni saseNingizimu Melika futhi ngaphansi kwe-Auspices yabazali bomngane womshado ukuze asungula iphephandaba lakhe. Kepha amacebo owesilisa akwazanga ukufezeka, ngoba ngesikhathi sendlela uKlovis ngokungazelelwe wafa ngenxa yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Ngakho-ke, u-Alina wabuyela emfelokini wezwe kanye neGauguen yezinyanga eziyi-18 nodadewabo oneminyaka engu-2 ubudala.
UPawulu ngaphambi kwenkathi yesikhombisa ehlala ezweni lasendulo laseNingizimu Melika, ngaphandle kwezintaba zazo ezithokozisayo zokucabanga kwanoma yimuphi umuntu. Ngemuva kwabasebasha baseGauguen kwakuyiso le-yebo yebo: Kumafa kaMalume eLima, zazizungezwe izinceku zakhe nabahlengikazi. UPawulu wagcina inkumbulo ekhanyayo yesikhathi sobuntwana, wakhumbula izikhala ezivulekile ezingenamkhawulo ngentokozo, okuvelayo kwawo ophishekela umdwebi onesipho impilo yakhe yonke.
Ubuntwana obu-IDyllic bukaHogen kuleli parade elishisayo buphela kungazelelwe. Ngenxa yezingxabano ze-Peruvian Peruvia ngo-1854, izihlobo ezidumile ezivela kumama zilahlekelwe amandla ezepolitiki namalungelo. Ngo-1855, u-Alina, kanye noMarie, babuyela eFrance bayothola ifa kusuka kuMalume. Owesifazane wazinza eParis waqala ukwenza imali ngesinkwa sentombazane, futhi uPawulu wahlala e-Orleans, lapho akhuliswa khona ngumkhulu wakhe emugqeni kababa. Ngenxa yokuphikelela nasekusebenzeni ngo-1861, umzali waseGauguen waba ngumnikazi wendawo yakhe yokusebenzela yokuthunga.
Ngemuva kwezikole eziningana zendawo, uMogen wathumela esikoleni esidumile samaKatolika boarding (petit saint-mesmin). UPawulu wayengumfundi okhuthele, ngakho-ke waphumelela ezihlokweni eziningi, kodwa ikakhulukazi insizwa enethalente elinekhono elikhulu.
Lapho umculi wesikhathi esizayo eneminyaka eyi-14, wangena eParis Naval Aval Plaphared School futhi wawulungiselela ukwamukelwa esikoleni se-nautical. Kepha, ngenhlanhla, noma azisole, ngo-1865, le nsizwa yehluleka izivivinyo ekomitini yokwamukelwa, ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yithemba, waqasha emkhunjini nguLotsman. Ngakho-ke, uGajan osemusha wahambahamba ngezikhala zamanzi angenamkhawulo futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi wahamba amazwe amaningi, wavakashela eSouth America, ogwini loLwandle iMedithera, wahlola ulwandle oluseNyakatho.
Ngenkathi uPawulu ebhukuda, umama wakhe washona ngenxa yokugula. UGaen ubephakathi nosizi olubi izinyanga ezimbalwa kuze kube yilapho le ncwadi enezincwadi ezingathandeki ezivela kudadewethu ayizange imfice endleleni eya e-India. E-Will, u-Alina wancoma i-offspace ukwenza umsebenzi, ngoba, ngombono wakhe, iGaugugen ngeke ikwazi ukuncika kubangane noma izihlobo uma kungenxa yobubi.
UPowula akazange asebenze kabusha intando yokugcina yomzali futhi ngo-1871 waya eParis ukuze aqale impilo ezimele. Le nsizwa yaba nenhlanhla, njengoba umngani kamama gustave wavuka wasiza umfana oyintandane oneminyaka engama-23 ubudala ukuphuma ekungcoleni kwinkosana. Gustave, shintshana ukushintshana, izinkambu ezinconyiwe enkampanini, ngokuchithwa kwale nsizwa yathola umthengisi.
Ukupenda
I-Galented Gaugugen iphumelele emsebenzini wakhe, le ndoda yaqala ukutholakala. Iminyaka eyishumi, waba ngumuntu ohlonishwayo emphakathini futhi wakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngendlu yokuhlala ekhululekile enkabeni yedolobha. Njengokuvuka kwakhe uGustavuu, uPawulu waqala ukuthenga izithombe zabacindezelwe abadumile, futhi ngesikhathi sakhe samahhala, uGogen ophefumulelwe yi-canvas waqala ukuzama ithalente lakhe.
Esikhathini kusukela ngo-1873 kuya ku-1874, uPawulu wadala izindawo zokuqala ezikhanyayo, ezazibonisa isiko lasePeru. Eminye yemisebenzi yombumbulu yomculi osemncane yi "inkukhu yehlathi eVirofte" - yaboniswa kwikhabethe futhi yathola ukubuyekezwa okushisekayo kwabagxeki. Maduze nje i-novice master yahlangana noKamil Pissarro, umdwebi wesiFulentshi. Ubudlelwano obufudumele obufudumele baqala phakathi kwalaba bantu ababili bokudala, uGaen wayevame ukuvakashela umeluleki wakhe endaweni engaphansi kwentshonalanga yeParis - iPontoise.
Umdwebi ozonda impilo yezwe kanye nobumfihlo bothando, wasebenzisa isikhathi sakhe samahhala sokupenda imidwebo, kancane kancane umqulu waqala ukubona ukuthi uyisisebenzi senkampani enkulu, kodwa njengomculi onesiphiwo. Ngezindlela eziningi, isiphetho sakwaGauguen sithinte ukujwayelana no-Edgar Degi, ummeleli wokuqala wobuhlungu. UDegi usekela amasimu kokuziphatha nokwezezimali, ukuthenga i-canvas yayo evezwayo.
Efuna ugqozi nokuphumula okuvela enhlokodolobha enomsindo waseFrance, i-Master yaqoqa ipotimende yaqhubeka nohambo. Ngakho-ke wayesePanama, uVan Gogh wahlala e-Arles, wavakashela iBrittany. Ngo-1891, ekhumbula ubuntwana obujabulile obusetshenziselwe e-Motherland kaMama, ama-Gauguen ashiya iTahiti - isiqhingi sentaba-mlilo, ama-expanses ayo anika intando yentando yegazi. Wavuma amaRali Reef, ehlathini eliminyene, lapho izithelo ezinamanzi zikhula khona, nolwandle lwasolwandle lwe-azure. UPawulu wazama ukudlulisa wonke amapende wemvelo abonakele kwizindwangu, ngenxa yokuthi indalo ye-GoHyen etholwa yi-Original and Bright.
Umculi wabuka okwakwenzeka ezungeze futhi egcwele amehlo abuciko abuciko abhalwe emisebenzini yakhe. Ngakho-ke, icebo lemidwebo "a, unesikhwele?" (1892) uvele ngaphambi kwamehlo e-hogen empeleni. Ukugcwalisa odade ababili nje - abaseTahiti balala phansi lapho bebona khona lapho bethola khona ilanga elivuthayo. Ukusuka engxoxweni yentombazane ngothando lwama-gajn wezwa ama-records: "Kanjani? Ingabe unesikhwele! ". Kamuva, uPawulu wavuma ukuthi le canvas ingenye yendalo yakhe ayithandayo.
Ngo-1892, inkosi yabhala indwangu eyimfihlakalo ethi "umoya wabafile hhayi ukulahlekelwa", eyenziwe ngamathoni amnandi abubende. I-visor yombukeli ibonakala i-onqunu, ilele embhedeni, futhi ngemuva kwayo umoya egqoke ingubo emnyama. Iqiniso ngukuthi kanye esithani umdwebi waphela uwoyela. Ushiye umdlalo wokukhanyisa isikhala, ngaleyo ndlela wesabe ubuchwepheshe. UPawulu waqala ukuboniswa, le ntombazane yayingathatha umculi hhayi umuntu, kodwa ngoMoya noma ngomoya, isingisi sesaba kakhulu. Lokhu kuzindla okungaqondakali kukaHogen kugqugquzele isakhiwo semidwebo.
Ngemuva konyaka, inkosi ibhala esinye isithombe esibizwa ngokuthi "Owesifazane uphethe izithelo." Ukulandela indlela yami, uGaugen usayina lo msebenzi wobuciko olwesibili, eMaori, igama elithi euereiaee ("uhambe kuphi?"). Kulomsebenzi, njengakuyo yonke imisebenzi yensimu, umuntu nemvelo bayi-static, njengokungathi kuhlanganiswe ndawonye. Kuqala, le canvas yathola isithwathwa somthengisi waseRussia, njengamanje umsebenzi usezindongeni ze-hermitage yombuso. Phakathi kokunye, umbhali wowesifazane wokuthunga "eminyakeni yokugcina yempilo yakhe wabhala le ncwadi" uNonaa ", enyatheliswa ngo-1901.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
UPaul Gaen ngo-1873 wenza isiphakamiso sesandla nezinhliziyo zezidayisi. UMatT-Sophia Gad, owaphendula imvume futhi waveza isithandwa sezingane ezine: abafana ababili namantombazane amabili. UGogen wamthanda umkhulu wakhe u-Emil, owazalwa ngo-1874. Izingcweti eziningi zama-masters amabhulashi nopende ukuhlobisa isithombe somfana ongathi sína, owahlulela imisebenzi, wayethanda ukufunda izincwadi.
Ngeshwa, impilo yomndeni ye-Great Gorepdentist yayingenamafu. Imidwebo kaMaster ayizange ithengiswe futhi ayizange ilethe eyayo imali, futhi umlingani womculi akazange anamathele ngombono wokuthi ngepharadesi elihle nasesandleni. Ngenxa yosizi lwensimu, ehlise imiphetho emikhawulo emikhawulweni, kwakuvame ukuxabana nezingxabano phakathi kwabalingani. Ngemuva kokufika eTahiti Gogen, wathatha umkakhe ubuhle bendawo.
Ukushona
Kuze kube manje, uGogen wayesePapeete, wasebenza kahle kakhulu futhi wakwazi ukubhala ngama-cauldons angamashumi ayisishiyagalombili, abhekwa njengokulungile ohlwini lwakhe olulayinile. Kepha isiphetho salungiselela izithiyo ezintsha. UGogen wehlulekile ukuthola ukuqashelwa nenkazimulo embuthanweni wabahlonishwa wobuciko, ngakho-ke wafaka ekucindezelekeni.
Ngenxa yomucu omnyama, owafika empilweni yakhe, uPawulu kakade wathatha imizamo yokuzibulala. Isimo esingokomoya salo mculi saba nengcindezelo yengcindezelo, umbhali wedolobhana le "Breton ngaphansi kweqhwa" wagula ngochoko. Inkosi enkulu yafela kulesi siqhingi ngoMeyi 9, 1903 eneminyaka engama-54.
Ngeshwa, njengoba kaningi, kuyenzeka, inkazimulo yafika yafika yafa kuphela ngemuva kokufa: iminyaka emithathu ngemuva kokushona kukaMatra, amakhabevu ayo abeka eParis ukuze wonke umuntu abone. Emkhumbuleni insimu ngo-1986, ifilimu elithi "impisi embundwini" yasuswa, lapho indima yalo mculi yenza umlingisi odumile uHollywood Donald Sutherland. Futhi, iBritish Proseset Moem Mom yabhala umsebenzi we- "Moon kanye neGross", lapho i-prototype yomlingiswa oyinhloko kwakunguPaulouen uPaul Gaueuen.
Umsebenzi
- 1880 - "Ukuthunga umfazi"
- Ngo-1888 - "Umbono Ngemuva Kwentshumayelo"
- Ngo-1888 - "I-Cafe in ARLE"
- 1889 - "UKristu Ophuzi"
- Ngo-1891 - "Owesifazane onembali"
- Ngo-1892 - "UMoya Yabafi awulali"
- 1892 - "A, Unomona?"
- Ngo-1893 - "Owesifazane uphethe izithelo"
- Ngo-1893 - "Igama lakhe leVaraumati"
- Ngo-1894 - "Umoya Omubi Omnandi"
- 1897-1898 - "Sivela Kanjani? Singobani? Siyaphi? "
- Ngo-1897 - "Okuningi Ungalokothi" "
- Ngo-1899 - "Ukuqoqwa kwezithelo"
- Ngo-1902 - "Namanje - Ukuphila Namapharothi"