I-Biograge
UNadezhda Sergeyevna Allyluweva ungene endabeni njengonkosikazi kaJoseph Stalin, isithombe sesibonakaliso empilweni yamasiko nakwezepolitiki ye-Soviet Union yekhulu lama-20 lekhulu lama-20. Isiphetho sabesifazane, kanye nesiphetho sabaningi abathi "Kremlin abafazi," bagcwala, bagcwaliswa ngezikhathi ezijabulisayo nezimangalisayo. Ukuba ngumlingani wendoda eyayesaba naphambi kwalabo abafihlekile, kodwa, akazange abonise umlingiswa waKhe esibonelweni sezepolitiki, ukuvikela umbono wakhe.Ubuntwana nentsha
Ngo-1901, emndenini we-Sergei Yakovlevich no-Olga Allyluve, kwazalwa uNadia omncane. Lo mcimbi wenzeke edolobheni laseAzerbaijani laseBaku. Ubaba omkhulu wentombazane wawungumnikazi wePusari waseSoviet waseYenukidze. UNadezhda Sergeyevna wakhulela nabafowethu asebekhulile noDadera. Ubuzwe benkosikazi yesikhathi esizayo kaStalin kumaMemoir babike, baphawula ukuthi ubaba ka-Allyluve wayengu-Gypsy, Umama - - isiJalimane.
Ithemba nabazali babehlala ePetrograd. Akazange akhe umsebenzi, asebenze emilundweni yezidakamizwa ezindabeni zezizwe, uSecretariat v. Mina. Lenin, wasiza lo magazini ngokuthi "inguquko kanye namasiko", iphephandaba "liyiqiniso". Eminyakeni engama-20, u-Allyluweva awufakwanga ephathini, kodwa ezinsukwini ezi-4 ngemuva kwesimemezelo, intombazane ibuye ibuye ibe ngumuntu ozongenela amalungu e-RCP (b).
Eminyakeni engu-28, uNadezhda Sergeyevna wangena e-Promoracadeus e-Faculty of Textile Industry, lapho athola khona imfundo ephakeme. Ngesikhathi sezifundo zakhe, ngajwayelana neNikita Khrushchev. Isigameko esingathandeki senzeka ku-Promocademy, ngenxa yalokho amakilasi ayisishiyagalombili ahlanganiswe ama-Allyluleva aboshwa. Le ntombazane izame ukusiza abangane bakhe, ngokubiza ikhanda lika-Ogpu Henry Berry. Ngeshwa, kwase sekwephuze kakhulu - ababoshiwe bashonile ngemuva kwezifo ezithathelwanayo.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngo-2014, ifilimu elibhalwe phansi "uNadezhda allylueva. Phansi kwe-vertex "evela kumjikelezo weKremlin Lesi sithombe sichaze imininingwane yomlando ongajwayelekile wothando lwekhanda likahulumeni we-USSR nengane yakhe ekhethiwe. Emndenini we-allyluve wahamba ngenganekwane uJoseph Vissarionovich wasindisa iNadia encane lapho intombazane idlala embonini yawela emanzini. Kwakungo-1903 eBaku.Futhi ngemuva kuka-14, uStalin, ngaleso sikhathi wakwazi ukuyomfelokazi (umka-Catherine Svanidze wase-Catherine Svanidze ngo-1907 esuka eTifa) waqala ukuba sendlini ye-allyluve ePetrograd, lapho umndeni wethemba uthuthelwa khona. Ukubuya kwezixhumanisi zaseSiberia, ama-Georgians aneminyaka engu-38 ayefuna umngane, obengeke abe ngaphansi kobuhle nesithunzi sabafazi babaholi beqembu. Ngokusho kofakazi bokuzibonela, uJoseph Vissarionovich wakhetha phakathi kwethemba elidala nethemba le-encane - ekugcineni wakhetha okulandelayo.
Ukuba nempumelelo kwabesifazane, abuzwayo futhi bazethembe, umngane kayise washeshe wamheha umlingani wekusasa. Inoveli enjalo yaphenduka uYise ongokokuziphatha uSergey Yakovlevich, njengoba induna yendodakazi yakhe yayimdala. Umndeni ojwayelekile we-allyluve wakhumbula: "Wake wavuma uSergey Yakovlevich (ubaba wethemba) wavunyeleka kakhulu, wathi (Stalin) wathatha uNadia ... (ngaphambili) ...".
Ngemuva konyaka, othandekayo wahlanganiswa nomshado. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kumadokhumenti asemthethweni osuku lokubopha i-Union limi ngoMashi 24, 1919, kuyilapho abantu besikhathi bethi lo mgubho wenzeka ngo-1918. Ithemba ngaleso sikhathi belingakabi mdala. Akahlelanga ukuthatha isibongo somyeni wakhe, ngakho-ke ngasekupheleni kwezinsuku abizwa ngokuthi angelwa i-aleeva.
Uthando nemizwelo eqinile kwakukhona emshadweni womholi nomunfu wakhe akhethiwe. Lokhu kwaqinisekiswa yimibhangqwana evamile nakubantu besikhathi besikhathi. Kepha kwakukhona elinye uhlangothi lwempilo yomuntu siqu - ukushayisana kwezinhlamvu eziqinile neziqhakazile, ezazivame ukuzenza zazizwa. Ebusheni bakhe, uNadezhda wayengafuni ukuhlala ekhaya futhi asungula impilo yomndeni, ngenkathi eshayela u-Iosifa ayefuna emndenini wokuthula nokuzola.
INoun Nadia ayizange ibushelelezi amakhona abukhali ngenxa yokuntuleka kwesipiliyoni nokuhlakanipha kwansuku zonke. Imibhangqwana evamile yatshelwa ukuthi ngandlela thile uJosefa wayeka ukukhuluma nonkosikazi wakhe, ngaphandle kokuchaza izizathu. Ithemba alikwazanga ukuqonda ukuthi kwenzeni okungalungile. Kamuva kwavela ukuthi uStalin akazange athande ukunxenxa "Wena". Ngokusho kwekhanda likahulumeni, abashadikazi kufanele bahlangane "kuwe".
Ngo-1921, izibulo lazalelwa emndenini - indodana kaVasly Stalin. Kamuva, ekunakekelweni kwethemba kwavela ukuthi u-Argem Sergeev - ingane yenguquko evumayo. Lezi zihlobo zikaJoseph Vissionich zalethwa ukukhuliswa kukaYise wendodana endala uYakov jugashvili. Ngakho-ke, owesifazane osemusha ubusuku bonke waba "ngunina omkhulu."
UStalin wayethanda ukuchitha isikhathi ekhaya, kude nomsebenzi, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye iqhaza lendima kababa nomyeni wakhe babencane. Usopolitiki wayengazi ukuthi angaziphatha kanjani namadodana, ubudlova maqondana nonkosikazi wakhe waba yinto evamile. Ithemba alizange linikeze umholi wesizathu somhawu, owayengakwazi ukushiwo ngesibalo sezepolitiki.
Ngo-1926, le ntokazi yaveza umkakhe uSvetlana Alliluyev. Le ntombazane yaba u-Otchay kuYise. UStalin wamvumela cishe yonke into, ngokungafani nezingane ezindala. Indaba igcinile isithombe somholi nendlalifa yakhe ethandekayo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ku-biography esemthethweni ye-allyluve kukhona imininingwane yokukhishwa kwezisu eziyi-10. Ochwepheshe bedatha abafanele abatholakala ekhadini lezokwelapha lethemba.
Ukushona
Ngokusho kofakazi bokuzibonela, ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-30s, ubudlelwano phakathi kombhangqwana baqala ukuwohloka. UStalin waziphatha umkakhe emkakheni ngokuzikhandla, wavuma ukuba avumele ekhelini le-hop ye-bang kanye nama-epithets angamukeleki. Encwadini kaMemoirov Svetlana Alliluyeva "Izincwadi Ezingamashumi Amashumi Ezikhulu Kumngane" Kwaphawuleka ukuthi umama wakhe wabonakaliswa ukuzikhuza okwesabekayo, futhi noma yikuphi ukukhathazeka kudakiwe ngaphakathi. Ngenxa yalokho, okuhlangenwe nakho okungokomoya okuvela 'komashizi' bendoda "kwakufanele, ekugcineni, kungazelelwe ukuqhuma; Intwasahlobo bekuwukuqonda ngamandla abi ... ".
Lo mzuzu usufikile ngoNovemba 7, 1932, lapho abashadikazi befika bezovakashela eVoroshilov. Kamuva, unkosikazi kaBukharin waveza ukuthi ngalobo busuku uStalin waphenduka kabi nge-allyluve - waphonsa uqweqwe lwalo kusuka ku-orange nogwayi, ngakho-ke ithemba lashiya umgubho kusenesikhathi. Indodakazi yethemba yabhalela izinkumbulo nangezinye isikhathi zomkhosi, lapho uJoseph Vissarionovich ephendukela kwabakhethiweyo ngebinzana: "Hawu, wena, phuza!". Unkosikazi kaStalin waphendula ngesizotha: "Angisiye!". "
Ngemuva kwengxabano, uNadezhda waya efulethini laseKremlin. Lapha, intokazi yaletha i-Abacus ngokuphila - wadutshulwa esuka eWalter Pistol. Ukudutshulwa kwale ntokazi kwaveza khona lapho esifubeni esingazange sishiye ithemba lokusindiswa. UStalin wadalwa ukufa komkakhe. Umholi uhlala ebuza umbuzo ofanayo "Ngani?".
UJoseph VissarionOVich akakwazanga ukuqonda, ngenxa yalokho owakwaMphili othandekayo akwenza ngale ndlela. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ithemba lishiye inothi lokuzibulala lichaza imbangela yokuzibulala. Iphepha elibhalwe ngesandla i-allyluve, ebhujiswe ngemuva kokufunda. Ngokweminye imininingwane, unkosikazi womholi utshelwe kule ncwadi ukuthi wayengeke abheke njengomuntu othandana naye agibela phansi, ngaleyo ndlela abeke umndeni nephathi.
Abanye babekholelwa ukuthi ubenethemba lokuzibulala, kudonswe izinkinga zempilo. Imvamisa umndeni womndeni wathatha ukwelashwa eJalimane. Ngenxa yamathambo aphikisanayo ngendlela engalungile, u-Allilueva ahlukumeza amakhanda aqinile, kwesinye isikhathi ayengabekezeleleki. Kepha izihlobo ziyiphikisa. Ngokubona kwabo, ama-migraines kwesinye isikhathi avela kunkosikazi kaStalin, kepha lesi sifo besingahambisani.
Kwakunamahemuhemu amaningi asondele ekufeni okungaqondakali kwe- "Okokuqala Lady of The Kremlin". Kudokotela abaningana, afaka isicelo esincane ukusayina isiphetho, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye ukukhombisa imbangela yangempela yokufa. Abaholi abaningi bezokwelapha abavelele, kubandakanya neKremlin, benqabile ukuqamba amanga kumadokhumenti.
Umngcwabo wamathemba kaSergeyevna Alilleva udlule emathuneni amaNovodevichy. Emcimbini wokuvalelisa, uStalin wayekhona njengasekuqaleni, yize kuminye imithombo okuphambene kuvunyelwe. Ngethuba elibi lokushiya intokazi yephephandaba "iliqiniso" liphrinte isazi esisemthethweni, futhi umholi ngokwakhe wathola incwadi ekhethekile - induduzo ekhethekile eyayiduduzayo evela eBoris Pasternak.
Kamuva, uJoseph Vissarionovich wayevame ukuvakashela ethuneni lomlingani ofile. Lokhu kufakazelwa yizindaba zonogada wombusi. Umholi ubengahlala ebhentshini eliseduze kwesikhumbuzo futhi athule. Ngokukhumbula ngethemba le-allyluve ngonyaka we-2006, kwasuswa "umfazi unkosikazi". Iqhaza eliphambili ochungechungeni lenze umlingisi owaziwayo waseRussia u-Olga Budina.