I-Biograge
USergey Mironovich Kirov ungumguquki odumile, umlingani oseduzane noJoseph Stalin kanye nesibalo seqembu esisebenzayo salesosikhathi. I-Biography ye-Sergei Kirov ibonwa ngezindlela ezihlukile: lo muntu, lo muntu wakhonza ngobuhlakani izifiso zezwe lakubo, ngenye injongo - kwenza kwaba nokufa kwabantu abangenacala abangazange balinganise indlela eya egoli. Yiba yilokho njengoba kungenzeka, ubunikazi beKirov bungabizwa ngokuphepha futhi buthakazelisa ngokuphephile.
Inguquko yesikhathi esizayo yazalwa ngoMashi 27, 1886 edolobheni lase-Urzhum, elisesifundeni saseVyatka. Izingane ezine zokuqala zeFrimefish (leli igama langempela likaSergey Kirov) lafa ebuntwaneni. Lapho-ke indodakazi ka-Ana, u-Sergey nendodakazi encane eyayizalwa. Ngo-1894, izingane zasala ngaphandle kwabazali: Umama wafa, kwathi uyise washiya umndeni. U-Anna noLisa banenhlanhla - amantombazane avuma ukuthatha ugogo. Kepha uSergey wathunyelwa endaweni yezintandane.
Naphezu kwemicimbi ebuhlungu enjalo, umfana wafunda kahle, waphothula esikoleni sokuqala esifundazweni e-Urzhum yakhe yendabuko, bese kuba ngamadolobha. Ngemuva kwalokho uSergey Mironovich wathuthela eKazan kwathi ngo-1901 waba ngumfundi weSikole Sezimboni Esisebenza Ngobuchwepheshe. Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu, iKirov yathola iziqu esikoleni yaqala ngokushesha umsebenzi wesakhiwo kuhulumeni waseTomsk City. Ngokufana, insizwa yokuvelela yaya ezifundweni zokulungiselela zeTomsk Institute of Technology.
Ukuguqulwa kanye nomsebenzi weqembu
Imibono yezepolitiki ephathelene neKirov yaze yahlukaniswa ngo-1917: Abanye abacwaningi bathi wayengumsekeli oqinisekisiwe wakwaLeninists. Enye ingxenye inselele lokhu, ekholelwa ukuthi uSergey Mironovich ekuqaleni wazwelana nama-menssheviks waze wawusekela uhulumeni wesikhashana. Yiba yilokho njengoba kungenzeka, ngo-1905, uKirov wakhethwa yilungu leKomidi le-RSDLP, futhi kamuva nje uSergey Mironovich ekhanda indlu yokuphrinta engaphansi komhlaba eTomsk naseRyano agated Railway Staties for Soniet Power.
Ngo-1905 no-1906, uKirov waboshwa kaninginingi, kwathi ngo-1907 bagwebe unyaka owodwa nezinyanga ezi-4 zokuphetha. Kukhululwe ngo-1908, iKirov yathuthela e-Irkutsk, lapho ibuyisela khona inhlangano yeqembu. Ukushushiswa kwamaphoyisa kuyaqhubeka, futhi uSergey Mironovich futhi kufanele ahambe, kulokhu eVladikavkaz. Lapho, iKirov yavuka ekhanda lenhlangano yeBolshevik. Ngokokuqala ngqa, kuzovela isiSubame Kirov ephephandabeni leTerek - ngakho-ke uSergey Mironovich wasayina i-athikili ethi "Easy Malls". Le pseudonym izohlala Naye impilo.
Kusukela ngo-1910, uKirov wema ekhanda leqembu leBolshevik eNyakatho Caucasus, kwathi ngemuva kokwakheka ngo-1917 kwaba yilungu loMkhandlu waseVladikavkaz. Ngonyaka ofanayo, ngo-Okthoba, uSergey Kirov wabamba iqhaza ekwahlosweni kwe-petersburg ehlolwe (idolobha ngalesosikhathi sabizwa ngokuthi yi-petrograd). Ngemuva kwalokho, uKirov wabuyela eVladikavkaz, eqhubeka nomzabalazo wamandla eSoviet.
Ekupheleni kuka-1918, uKirov walingisa uhambo, wahambisa izikhali eNorth Caucasus. Indlela yandiza yadlula e-Astrakhan, lapho kwahlala khona izinguquko, ngoba iNyakatho yeCaucasus yavela ukuthi ibulawa onogada abamhlophe.
E-Astrakhan Kirov kuphinde kwabonisa nezimfanelo zobuholi ezigqamile, kwabamba iqhaza enhlanganweni yokuvikelwa kwe-Astrakhan eyaziwayo yango-1919. Ngawo lowo nyaka, iKirov, kanye ne-OrzhhonikiKze, ibheke embuthweni weBolshevik Army eNyakatho Caucasus. Entwasahlobo yango-1919, okucasulayo kwaqedwa ngokubuyiselwa kwamandla eSoviet eBaku naseVladikavkaz.
Ngo-1920, iKirov yayilindele ukwanda: USergey Mironovich wanqunywa yisiteshi samaphoyisa se-RSFSR eGeorgia, kwathi ngo-Okthoba wonyaka ofanayo, uKirov wajoyina amazinga amalungu eCaucasian CCP (B). Ngemuva konyaka, uSergey Mironovich wakhethwa uNobhala weKomidi eliCentral of the Party e-Azerbaijan, lapho abeka khona imizamo engahambisanga yokubuyisela ukukhiqizwa kowoyela.
Ngo-1926, iKirov ibuyela eLeningrad futhi iba ngunobhala wokuqala we-Norterary of the North-West Bureau yeKomidi leKomidi leqembu, kanye nesiponji saseLeningrad. Kulokhu okuthunyelwe, uSergey Mironovich wazihlukanisa njengempi evumayo enama-anti-Parter.
Ngo-1930, uKirov wayelinde ukuqokwa okusha: inguquko yenziwa yilungu lezepolitiki yeKomidi eliseCentral, kwathi ngoNobhala wenhlangano yango-1934 nelungu le-CEC lesengameli. Umsebenzi wezepolitiki weKirov wanikezwa umyalo wesibhengezo obomvu, kanye nokuhlelwa kohlonishwa kukaLenin.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngawo-1920s, uKirov wahlangana nothando lokuqala, kepha umshado waba yi-veneer, igama lesivukelayo esithandekayo alaziwa ngasese. Owesifazane ushone unyaka kamuva ngemuva komshado. Indodakazi uSergey Kirov Evgenia wazalwa evela kule nyunyana. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi iqiniso lokugcina liphindiswe yizazi-mlando eziningi, ngoba iqiniso le-kinship laziwa emazwini e-evgenia uqobo.
USergey Kirov unkosikazi wesibili kaSergey, uMaria Markus, wenqaba okokuqala iziphakamiso zomshado wenguquko, futhi evuma, wabeka lesi simo: USergey wayefanele ahlukane nengane emshadweni wokuqala. Ngakho-ke uZhenya omncane wangena kwizintandane.
Ubudlelwano noMaria bupholile futhi bupholile, abashadikazi bavame ukuxabana. Kwakunamahemuhemu mayelana ne-mistress eningi kaSergei Kirov.
Ngo-1929, iKirov yahlangana noDraul waseMidka. Uzwela lwavela lube yimibumbana, kepha lesi simo sasinzima ngokuthi iKirov noMiltha bashada. Isithiyo esicasulayo kanjalo asidingida uthuli lwathandekayo: Maduze nje lona wesifazane uthole indawo endlini yezisebenzi, kanti uKirov wathola ithuba nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ukubiza uMika ehhovisi lakhe. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, imfihlo yacaca, uMilka wadluliselwa komunye umsebenzi, kodwa inoveli yesinguquko ngobuhle saqhubeka.
Ngokwesinye sezinguqulo, impilo yomuntu siqu kaSergei Kirov futhi yabangela ukubulawa kwakhe. Kodwa-ke, uKirov ngokwakhe akazange asole ukuthi iyiphi inkanuko ye-WIMA Draul yayizophenduka.
Ukushona
NgoDisemba 1, 1934, uSergei Kirov wadutshulwa wabulawa eSmolny. Ukudutshulwa okunembile ngemuva kwekhanda kwaphula impilo yomholi wenguquko kanye neqembu. Umbulali kaSergey Kirov waba yindoda egama linguLonid Nikolaev. Kwavela ukuthi nguMilka Midha Dray.
Kwabonakala sengathi izinhloso zombulali zazisobala: umyeni okhohlisiwe wayefuna ukudida umphikisi wakhe. Kodwa-ke, amahora ambalwa ngemuva kokushona kukaSergei Mironovich kwamemezela ukuthi waba yisisulu sezitha zamandla eSoviet. Izithombe zeKirov ngaphansi kwe-Necrorologist zivele kuwo wonke amaphephandaba, futhi ezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu lamandla akhipha isimemezelo, ngokuqondile akuzange zisindise abasolwa ngokwakha ama-bolsheviks: "Iziphathimandla eziphenyayo - ukwenza amacala asolwa ngokulungiselela noma enze amaphekula Izenzo zisheshisiwe. Iziphathimandla Zokwahlulela - hhayi ukubambezela ukwenziwa kwemisho ... "
Okwenzeka ngokulandelayo, izazi-mlando zizobizwa ngokuthi ukwesaba okukhulu. Eqinisweni, ukufa kukaSergei Kirov kwanikeza umfutho ekucindezelweni okukhulu okuhlala iminyaka eminingana.
Ngemuva kweminyaka kuphela, ama-Press, asevele eRussia, azoba nemininingwane yokuthi ukubulawa kukaKirov, ngokusobala, bekungokwakho uqobo.
Isidumbu sikaSergey Kirov sashiswa, futhi umlotha wesibalo sezinguquko usaphumule e-Urn odongeni lweKremlin.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngeSergey Kirov
- Indodakazi kaKirov, evgenia kostrikova, yayifanele uYise odumile: intombazane yayala noma iyiphi irayisi elincane lethayi.
- Idolobha likaVyatka ngemuva kokushona kukaSergey Mironovich kwaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi iKirov.
- I-Pseudonyrity Kirov yavela egameni likaKoresi elitholwe nguSergey Mironovich ekhalendeni.
- Ukukhula kukaSergey Kirov kwakungu-168 cm.
- Amahemuhemu ngobungani bomguquki noMatilda Kshesinskaya, osolwa yiKirov Head Dates neBallerinas.