Umlando Wemilingiswa
Ukuphathwe ngodokotela wezilwane aibolit kuyinto ejabulisa - esikhundleni semijovo kanye namathebulethi, udokotela ubeka i-gogol-mogol noshokoledi. Futhi isiguli silindele ingxenye yokushisa nomusa. Umlingiswa weKornea Chukovsky ubandakanyeka ekudlekeni okujabulisayo ukuthi ngasizathu simbe kwenzeke ikakhulukazi e-Afrika e-Afrika, lapho izingane ziyingozi kakhulu ezinganeni.Umlando Wokudalwa Komlingiswa
Isici esihlukanisayo sokuqamba kukaCornea Chukovsky ukuthi izinhlamvu eziningi ze- "End-To-End" ezidalwe yizo - ubuso obuhle buvutha encwadini eyodwa, bese bengahlanganisi nezakhiwo, kepha zikhona emazweni ahlukile nezikhala.
Amaqhawe anjalo afaka ingwenya, middodar, imvubu - ingatholakala ezinganekwaneni ezahlukahlukene. I-Aibolit ithweswe umqhele nge-Pleiad yezinhlamvu eziqhubekayo, ezivela emisebenzini yenkondlo ye- "Barmalei" (1925), "Aibolit" (1929) no "Ower Barmaley!" (1942). Umphilisi Wezilwane ubusa ibhola futhi endabeni yePrososa "Dr. Aibolit" (1936).
Ngombhali we-Aibolita, ukudideka kwavela. Kukholakala ukuthi umlobi wamaNgisi uHugh Lofting waqhamuka nodokotela omuhle: Ngo-1920, "umlando kaDkt Dulittla" Feape waqhamuka ngaphansi kwepeni, umbono wokuthi ovela emaphethelweni empi yezwe yokuqala - Umlobi wadonsela ukunaka eqinisweni lokuthi izilwane zibamba iqhaza kwezobutha futhi nazo, njengabantu, zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelashwa. Indaba yayisithanda defector ukuthi le ncwadi ibiyiqhawe lezincwadi eziyi-14.
Ngemuva kweminyaka emine ngemuva kokudonswa kwemali, umsebenzi wokucutshungulwa kweChukovsky uvele eSoviet Russia. Izimpande zika-Ivanovich zenziwe lula le ndaba esemkhawulweni, ngoba inganekwane yabhekiswa kubafundi abancane kakhulu, futhi yaze yafa ukuReep, inja yaseJaBB yaphenduka nge-AVVU, inja yenja yaphenduka ngokuziqhenya yagqoka igama elisha hru- Khrew. Kodwa-ke, ngo-1936, inganekwane ekuqothulweni kwe-chukovsky yathola i-afterword ethokomele:
"Into eyinqaba kakhulu yenzeka eminyakeni embalwa edlule: Ababhali ababili emaphethelweni womabili omhlaba baqamba inganekwane efanayo ngomuntu ofanayo. Omunye umbhali waphila ngemuva kolwandle, eMelika, kanti omunye e-USSR, eLeningrad. Elinye igama kwakunguHugheng Lofting, kanti elinye - izimpande ze-chukovsky. Abakaze babone omunye nomunye futhi abazwanga futhi. Omunye wabhala ngesiRussia, kanti omunye usesiNgisini, amavesi elilodwa, kanti omunye - prose. Kepha bathola izinganekwane nazo ezifanayo, ngoba kuzo zombili lezi zinganekwane, iqhawe elifanayo: udokotela onomusa ophatha izilwane ... "Izimpande zikaChukovsky uqobo ziphikise ukuthi i-Aibolit yaqhamuka isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokukhishwa kwemisebenzi ye-Englishman. Kusolwa ukuthi, incazelo yomlingiswa yahlala emikhubeni yokuqala ye- "Crocodile", eyakhelwe indodana enobungane. Kubo kuphela igiya lezilwane elibizwa ngokuthi yi-Oubolit, futhi udokotela Timofey (CEMES) SABAD wenziwa yi-prototype umlobi walolo mbhali aletha ngayo ikusasa ngo-1912. Udokotela wamaJuda waphatha abantu abampofu mahhala, kwesinye isikhathi akazange anyamalale usizo nezilwane.
I-Biography nesithombe sikaDkt Aibolit
Umhlangano wokuqala wabafundi abasebasha one-Aibolit enhle yenzeka e-Afrika (yingakho isicaphuna avuka "ungahambi, izingane, e-Afrika ukuhamba kuleli. I-barmanley ebi futhi engenamusa yaphonsa udokotela onokwethu emlilweni, kodwa wasindiswa yizilwane ezazibonga. UBarmaley ekugcineni wagwinya ingwenya, kepha ekugcineni ake aqhubeke nentando. Izingane zathatha ikhaya le-villain eLeningrad, lapho angena khona ngendlela eyiqiniso futhi waze wafunda isitofu saseGingerbread.I-biography egcwele kadokotela yavela enganekwaneni "uDkt Aibolit" wezingxenye ezine, lapho ungumuntu ophambili. Incwadi ivula ikhanda elibizwa nge- "Uhambo oluya eMonkeyli lizwe". Efulethini, kanye nodokotela wezilwane, izilwane zakhe ziphila, kanye nodadewabo omubi uVarvara, ongazithandi izilwane futhi athukuthele njalo umfowabo ngenxa yalowo ohlelwe endlini.
I-Aibolit Ngomusa wokuphatha wonke umuntu oza njengosizo, imvamisa - mahhala. Lapho nje umkhawulo kanjena ushiye umuntu ngaphandle kwesiqeshana sesinkwa. Kepha udokotela uthembekile futhi asabelayo: Owl nomthofu waphula insimu egcekeni, izinkukhu zaphatha amaqanda, nenkomo - ubisi.
Lapho esendlini kaLekar, umgwinyi wabaleka izindaba - izinkawu ezigulayo zilinde usizo e-Afrika. I-Aibolit ayikwazanga ukwenqaba ukusiza futhi iphuthume emuva kwemali ngokuthatha umkhumbi ovela kuRobinson wakudala. Umkhumbi washaywa, kepha abahambi bakwazi ukuphunyula.
Kulomsebenzi oyingozi wase-Afrika, u-Aibolit washayisana nobubi obumelwe umphangi kaBarmanley futhi wathola abangane abasha. Izilwane ezazisondele zelapha zaveza isilwane esinamakhanda amabili esimnandi kudokotela - uPliduta. Endleleni ebuyayo, u-Aibolit wathumba umkhumbi weBarmaleya wabuyela ezweni lakubo.
Ukufika kwe-Aibolita, izinja zika-Avvi nendawo yonke yezilo zaqhubeka zifuna umdobi, uyise we-Fantates umfana, okuyiPirates ebabanjwayo. Esahlukweni sesithathu, udokotela uphinde waphikisana nezigebengu zasolwandle, uwela emthonjeni, lapho abaphangi bephonswa khona, usindisa izilwane endlini evuthayo. I-Hero hero greenland whales, cranes, amasele. Esikhundleni sokushiswa kwezindlu, uBobra wakha indlu entsha enhle, lapho kwakugubha khona umshayeli omusha waseNebolir.
Incwadi iphetha ngengxenye ebizwa ngokuthi "i-White Mouse Adventure", lapho i-rodent enoboya olumhlophe oluneqhwa okuthiwa i-belynan iba yinkonzo yakhe endlini yakhe: intombi-intombazane yamnikeza insizakalo yebhere, epende uboya bebhere. Igundane elingathandeki ngemuva kokuba isihambi saba khona eDkt Aibolit, futhi wavikela isilwane endlini yakhe, enikeza igama elisha - iFija (igundane legolide).
Enganekwaneni, "Weqisa iBarmaley!" Iqhawe libusa izwe lase-Aibolyte, lapho behlala khona ama-cranes, izinkozi, ama-hares, amakamela nezinyamazane. Lapha izimpande ze-chukovsky ziba ngonya ngokwengeziwe, "ukubulala" izinhlamvu ezingezinhle. Ngakho-ke, ushaka uKarakula washona ezandleni zomfana Vasi Vasilchikov, kanti iBarmalei kokusalungiswa yabulawa yi-bayonet. Kodwa-ke, umbhali wasindisa umbhali ngemuva kwesikhathi, okuvumela abalingiswa abaphambili ukuba bamthathe. Futhi yonke i-barmaley efanayo yacekelwa phansi - yagwetshwa ukudubula emshinini.
Izincwadi ezinemifanekiso emangalisayo zaba yi-classic lapho izingane zasenkulisa. Uhlobo lwemisebenzi mayelana nodokotela wezilwane luyinganekwane. Futhi umcabango oyinhloko ukuthi umusa nobubele akuwona amagama nje, kodwa izimfanelo ezibalulekile okufanele zibe khona kubantu.
UDkt Aibolit kumafilimu
Ngo-1938, ifilimu emnyama nemhlophe "uDkt Aibolit" yaphuma kwizikrini zaseSoviet. Iqhaza eliphambili loMqondisi we-Vladimir Neoloev umeme-umeme uMaxim Straha. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lesi sithombe kuma-80s esikhathi sekhulu leminyaka elidlule esiboniswe ekudluliseni "okuhle ebusuku, izingane!".
Ngemuva konyaka, ikhathuni laseSoviet "ILimpopo" lafika ezikrinini, ezifakwe kwiGolden Foundation ye-cinema yaseRussia, kanye neBarmalem 1941.
Ngemuva kweminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-30, indaba yezinkunzi yayisa endabeni yeChukovsky. Enganebeni yomlingisi odumile nomqondisi "Aibolit-66" ngeBarmalem, u-Oleg Effemov ulwa emfanekisweni wodokotela ongenandaba. Ifilimu ngodokotela wezilwane, ukubeka ngobumnene, i-amateur. Ezinganeni, isithombe siyinkimbinkimbi ekuboneni, kwathi kubantu abadala banobunzima kakhulu. I- "Aibolit-66" ebizwa ngayo esigabeni saseSoviet arthow.
Ukukhishwa kwefilimu kwesithathu, lapho kwakukhona khona indawo ye-Aibolita, yawa ngo-1970 - Umqondisi weVitaly Ivanov wajabula ngefilimu ethi "Ukuthi Sasifuna Kanjani Kuthule", lapho umfana, kanye nogogo wakhe, efuna ibhere. Iguqulwe ibe yi-lekary mikhail yarshin.
Kususelwa ezinganekwaneni ze-lekar enhle, kwadalwa amakhathuni ayisikhombisa. Isithombe seKult Animation sithathwa njengekhathuni evikelekile ehlukahlukene "Dr. Aibolit", eyaboniswa izingane zaseSoviet ngo-1984-1985.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
- "Unya" "oboniswe yi-Ivanovich enogangeko ku-" Obuzhu Barmaley! ", Kuyaqondakala - ngenkathi kusebenza ngenganekwane, umbhali wawufuduka eTashkent, lapho abukeka khona futhi egula khona futhi evame ukugula. Indodana eyodwa yombhali yanyamalala, kanti okwesibili, ilimele, ilambile enhlokodolobha esenyakatho yeBlockade.
- I-prototype enokwenzeka ye-Aibolita Cmemakhu Shabad ngo-2007 yavulwa yisikhumbuzo eVilnius. Isibazi sithinta kakhulu - eduze kwendoda endala esigqoke isigqoko esakhiwe siyifanele intombazane egqoke kitten ezandleni zakhe.
- Igama elithi Aibolit isikhathi eside liphakeme. Ngaphezu kwalokho, idolobha ngalinye kuzoba nekhemisi noma umtholampilo wezilwane, aqanjwe ngemuva komlingiswa weKornea Chukovsky.
- I-Aibolite yanamuhla ibizwa ngodokotela waseMelika onamathambo kaDerrik Campana, owenzele umbhikisho ongemuva kombhikisho wePony.
- Izingoma ze-Alexandra PakhmoV, kanye nokwakheka kwe-Oscar Foundsman ekwenziweni kwe- "Flame" Ensemble, zinikelwe kudokotela wezilwane.
Amacaphuna
Kulungile, kulungile, gijimani, izingane zakho zizosiza. ILimpopo, Limpopo, Limpopo! Hhayi-ke, uma ngifika ngabo, ngiyogula, ngibe namahlathi ami izilwane?I-Bibliography
- 1925 - "Barmalei"
- 1929 - "Aibolit"
- Ngo-1935 - "I-White Mouse Adventures"
- 1936 - "Aibolit"
- 1942 - "I-Ower Barmaley!"
Izics
- Ngo-1938 - "UDkt Aibolit"
- Ngo-1939 - eLimpopo
- Ngo-1941 - "Barmalei"
- 1946 - "Umsila wePeacock"
- 1966 - "Aibolit-66"
- 1970 - "Sasifuna Kanjani Kuthule"
- 1973 - "Aibolit neBarmalei"
- 1984 - "UDkt Aibolit"