I-Biograge
Umlobi waseRussia, imbongi, umhumushi uVasily Andreevich Zhukovsky wazalwa ngoFebhuwari 9, 1783. Udumo weza kuMdali ngenxa yezinguqulo nezinganekwane "Ukulala iTsarevna", "Tale of Tsar Berendee."
Mayelana nokuzalwa kukaVasily Zhukovsky ubeke phansi izinganekwane. Kuyaziwa ukuthi abazali bomlobi onekhono kwakunguMount Major kanye nomhlaba, isifundazwe saseTula, isifundazwe saseKaluga sika-Afanasy Ivanovich Bunin neTurkhanka Salha, ngubani ngemuva kokubhapathizwa kwe-dementistov terchaninov. Kwezinkomba zomlando kuthiwa indoda ethile ishade noMaria Grigorievna Bunina. Kepha inyunyana ayizange ilethe indlalifa kumnini mhlaba. Lesi kwakuyisizathu sesancinza sikaTolchaninov. Le ntombazane yaletha indodana efiselekayo yeBunin.
U-Andrei Grigorieving Zhukovsky wamukele umfana, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi egcekeni babazi ukuthi ungubani. UStehh wayevela kwabaninikufika abampofu eKiev. Isazi-mlando sezincwadi I. Yu. IVinitsky ikholelwa ukuthi isimo ngokuzalwa kwendlalifa bekunzima ngokwengeziwe, kunokuba kube khona ama-biographies amaningi wombhali.
Eminyakeni yesi-2, vasily, ngesicelo sikababa uBunin, waba yiSergeant ye-Astrakhan Gusar Regiment. Ngemuva kweminyaka emi-4, kumemezele ukukhishwa kweZhukovsky New Rank - Ens. Kungekudala ngemuva kwaleli sosha elincane, elixoshiwe. Ngo-1789, uthisha u-Ekim Ivanovich ufika emfana. Ngeshwa, ikhono elifanelekile laseJalimane alikho, ngakho-ke, lifunda yena lathatha uBaba noReri Zhukovskyky.
Ngemuva konyaka, umndeni we-bunin uthuthela eTula. Abafundisi bePokrovsky bamenywa ngokushesha eVasilia. Uthisha ngaleso sikhathi wezwa umlobi kanye nomlandeli we-classic. Kepha isimilo esingapheli seZhukovsky saholela ekutheni iPokrovsky yenqabile ukusebenza nensizwa. Ubaba Vasily uthisha wathi ithalente likaGuy alikho, ngakho-ke alikho iphuzu ekuqeqesheni.
Ifa lika-Athanasius Bunin emva kokushona kwakhe kwadlula abantu abanamadodakazi. UZhukovsky uthole ama-ruble ayi-10,000. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakuyinani elikhulu. Ngomunye unyaka ngemuva kokushona kukababa, uVasily wavakashela isikole sokugibela, wabe esedlula ezivivinyweni zokwamukelwa esikoleni sabantu bakazwelonke. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa zokufunda esikhungweni seZhukovsky, baxosha ukungakwazi ukuqonda isayensi.
Vasily inquma ukuhambisa udadewabo kaDivot Varvar Yushkova. Ensimini ye-manor yale ntokazi kwakusendaweni yaseshashalazini yasekhaya. Lapha uZhukovsky wabona okokuqala ukuthi ufuna ukuba yinto yokudlala. Ngo-1794, umbhali wenza inhlekelele yokuqala esakhiweni sePlutarch "Camill, noma iRoma ekhululiwe". Kamuva, i-melodrama ivela esibayeni sangemva komoya, okusekelwe kwinoveli ethi "Paul naseVirginia".
Imfundo eyenziwe ekhaya ayikwazanga ukunikeza ulwazi oludingekayo zhukovsky, ngakho-ke udadewabo ofingqiwe uchaza kabi impesheni yaseyunivesithi yaseMoscow. Lapho kuhlolwa, imbongi yabonisa izinga eliphakeme lobunikazi baseFrance kanye nezilimi zesiJalimane ngokwengxenye. Isikole sokugibela sakalwa ulwazi lolwazi lwezincwadi. E-University of Zhukovsky kwenze abangane no-Andrey Turgenev. Le nsizwa yaba nomthelela omkhulu umsebenzi owengeziwe wombhali. Endlini yezivakashi, uVasily Andreevich ubhala izinkondlo zokuqala, okubandakanya ekuseni kakhulu.
Into yokufunda
Indlela yokudala yeVasily Zhukovsky yayinameva futhi akulula. Wozani empilweni yezinkondlo noma umlobi wawungeke, ngakho-ke kwathathwa izinguqulo. Ithalente likaZhukovskk kule nkambu lalwaziswa kakhulu ngabantu besikhathi, kufaka phakathi i-Platon Bouketov, umnikazi wendlu enkulu kunazo zonke yokuphrinta. Emuva endlini yezivakashi zaseMoscow University, uVasily Andreevich wahlangana noNikolai Karamzin, owaba ngumfundisi kanye nomeluleki weZhukovsky iminyaka eminingi.
Umguquki wolimi lwemibhalo lwaseRussia wawucubungula umsebenzi wakhe wokugxeka umsebenzi wewadi. Kepha uKaramzin akazange akhohlwe ngokudumisa. Uthisha wayehlala emaka izitatimende eziphumelelayo futhi asetshenziswe yi-zhukovsky emisebenzini. Kusukela ngo-1808 kuya ku-1820, imbongi yayisendleleni yothando-ubuciko.
Lokhu kubonakaliswa ngokukhanyayo kuma-ballads wesikhathi, ngokwesibonelo eLiudmila. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi umsebenzi uyinguqulo yokudala yenkondlo yaseJalimane uG. A. Burger. ELiyudmila, uZhukovsky wembula imizwa emnandi ekhona empilweni yakhe.
Iminyaka engu-4 yathatha uVasily Andrevich ukudala i-svetlana ballad. Le nkondlo isuselwe ku-lenor, idalwe ngu-G. A. Burger. Umsebenzi uhlukile kuLyudmila ngeNkanise-thokomele futhi kumnandi. Umngani zhukovsky a.S. I-Pushkin yawazisa kakhulu umsebenzi we-Master.
Ingxenye yempilo engenakuqhathaniswa, uVasily Zhukovsky wahlala izinguqulo. Imbongi yayinesipho semvelo esamvumela ukuba ahumushele izinkondlo ezinhle kakhulu, ama-ballads ezincwadi zomhlaba. UVasily Andreevid wembula ngokuphelele amakhombi endabuko waseJalimane futhi wadlula umlingo wenkondlo ngu-I. Ihlathi Tsar "ngesikhathi sokuhunyushwa ngesiRussia.
UZhukovsky wayethanda ukudala, ngakho-ke umbhali wayevame ukuhumusha imisebenzi yezimbongi ezidumile, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye azikhohlwa ngomsebenzi wakhe. Ngo-1822, uVasily Andreevid wethula umphakathi kusuka ebuswini, wadalwa emoyeni wothando, "ulwandle". Umbhali wabiza ukuncoma kwakhe ngobuhle obuzungezile abantu. Kamuva, uZhukovsky waqala ukuhumusha i-Ballads "Cup" eyenziwe ngu-I. Schiller. Umhumushi wasebenza emsebenzini weminyaka engu-6. Ngalezo zinsuku, asikho isidingo sokuphinda uphinde uphinde - kwanele ukuhambisa incazelo, umuzwa, imizwa yomsebenzi.
Ngezikhathi ezithile, uVasily Zhukovsky wasiza izingane ziqonde isayensi, kubandakanya nezincwadi. Ukuxhumana okuqinile nabafana namantombazane abaseminyakeni ehlukene baphoqelelwa ukubhala izinganekwane. Cishe iminyaka engama-30 edingekayo Zhukovsky ukudala izinganekwane eziyisikhombisa, okuzohlala zithandwa phakathi kwabantu abadala nezinsana. Phakathi kwendalo ye-vasily andreevich "ebomvu carbunkul", "inganekwane kaTsar Berendei", "Ukulala iTsarevna", "Impi yamagundane", "I-Trog of Grog", "I-Cat e-Ivan Tsarevich noGrey Impisi ".
Ezinganekwaneni, uZhukovsky uncamela ukuya kuzivivinyo ezikhanyayo. Umlobi wasebenzisa ulimi oluhle kakhulu lolimi, edlalwa ngobukhulu bezinkondlo. UVasily Andreevich wahlatshwa umxhwele ngengqondo, eyimfihlakalo futhi ngokwengxenye yezwe elethusayo, elibonakaliswe ngokukhanyayo emisebenzini kaTika, noVis noHoffman. Lokhu kwabonakaliswa ezinganekwaneni zikaZhukovsky.
Kwesinye isikhathi intshisekelo phakathi komlobi kwisiko likazwelonke lenkondlo. UMdali wazama ukuhlanganisa imfihlakalo yaseYurophu kanye nezinganekwane zendawo ezincwadini zezinganekwane. Ngonyaka ngaphambi kokushona kukaZhukovsky kubhala izinkondlo ezimbili zemilingo "ikati nembuzi" kanye "nenyoni". Umbhali unikezele indodakazi yakhe nendodana yakhe.
Umenzi womndeni wasebukhosini
UVasily Andreevich Zhukovsky uza enkonzweni yomndeni wasebukhosini ngo-1815. Kungakapheli iminyaka emibili, umbhali wasebenza ngunina ugcizelela umama kaMariya Fedorovna. Umbhali uzobamba iminyaka engama-25 elandelayo enkonzweni yenkantolo. Isithombe salesosikhathi asisindile.
Ngo-1817, uZhukovsky uqhubeka nemisebenzi yabahamba ngezinyawo. Uthisha ufundisa ulimi lwesiRussia nezincwadi kumkakhe uNikolai - u-Alexander Fedororovna, kamuva izifundo zikaVasily Andreevich zivakashela unkosikazi kaMikhail Pavlovich elena pavlovna. I-Zhukovsky yandisa kancane kancane izigceme emhlabeni wonke, kufaka phakathi ifilosofi, umlando, uhlelo lwe-pedagogy kanye nohlelo lwe-aesthetics.
Isipiliyoni, ulwazi luvunyelwe uZhukovsky ukuqhubekisela phambili i-career ladder. UVasily Andreevich waqokwa ngumeluleki kaTsearevich. Kusukela kulokhu, uMlobi wezinganekwane, izinkondlo nama-ballads waba yinhloko yothisha nothisha abasebenza emndenini wasebukhosini. UZhukovsky wabona ukuthi endaweni entsha 'angadala okuhle.'
I-Career Mentor Cesarevich yayisho umthwalo wemfanelo kumfana omncane kanye nesimo esikhulu, ngakho-ke uthisha afunde futhi afunde kabusha izincwadi zobuciko, ezihamba ngezinyawo, zefilosofi. Amakilasi okuqala ngeCesarevich yenzeka ekwindla ka-1826. Ngalesi sikhathi, uZhukovsky walungiselela umtapo wezincwadi wendlalifa kwindlalifa esihlalweni sobukhosi futhi wakha uhlelo lokuqeqeshwa, uhlelo losuku, oluvumela inkosi.
UVasily Andreevich waphendula uhlelo lolimi lwaseRussia, i-physics, umlando womuntu, umlando kanye neJografi. Izifundo ezazihola abanye othisha zabanye ababengenazo ukunakwa kweZhukovsky. Umlobi wanikeza othisha izincomo, yeka indlela engcono kakhulu yokufundisa eyodwa noma enye into. UVasily Andreevid wayefuna ukubona esihlalweni sobukhosi saseRussia enkosini efundile, ngakho-ke inkantolo yamema ososayensi. UZhukovsky wayenombono wawo wombusi wesikhathi esizayo. ICesarevich kufanele ilwele imfundo, kepha akunakwenzeka ukukhohlwa ngokwengqondo.
"Lapho umbusi athanda inzuzo kazwelonke, lapho futhi abantu bawuthanda ukubusa kombusi," kusho uVasy Andrevich.Kungakapheli iminyaka eyi-12, umeluleki aqeqesha indlalifa esihlalweni sobukhosi, kuphela lapho uCesarevich eba ngabantu abadala, ngokusemthethweni umsebenzi enkantolo ukuze i-Zhukovsky yaphela. Okokuvalelisa, iPrince Alexander yathola isipho esivela kuthisha - "Ukuhamba ngemfundo". Umbusi wesikhathi esizayo, kanye noZhukovsky, wahamba waya emadolobheni aseRussia nasemazweni aseNtshonalanga Yurophu.
UVasily Andreevid wenza ngendlela yokuzimela, phakathi nohambo lapho kwahlangana khona neZesarevich. Ngaleso sikhathi, ngo-1841, ubudlelwano benkantolo yasebukhosini noZhukovsky bagijimela umkhawulo. Umlobi uthole ukwesula kwakhe waya eJalimane.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Esikhathini esingu-56, uVasily Zhukovsky wahlangana no-Elizabeth Evgrafa Reiterne oneminyaka engu-17 ubudala. Uma uqala ukubheka nje, umlobi onothando wathandana nentombazane encane, kodwa uYise owayengumngane kaVasly Andrevich, waveza umbhikisho. UZhukovsky akafuni ukubuyela emuva, ngakho ngonyaka kamuva wanikeza u-Elizabethe. Intokazi enothando yanikeza impendulo enhle.
Ngo-1841, isiphetho senyunyana sabanjelwa eDusseldorf. Ngeshwa, umshado wawungelula. U-Elizabeth wayehlala egula, wayesengozini yokuphuka kwezinzwa. Ama-Missions ajwayelekile awavumelanga iphupho laseZhukovsky ngezingane. Kepha ngonyaka olandelayo umshado, kwaqhamuka intombazane ka-Alexander emndenini. Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu kamuva, umfana kaPaul. Ngenxa yezifo zomshado, indoda endala kwakudingeka ithathe yonke imisebenzi ezungeze indlu nokukhuliswa kwezingane.
Izingane zeZhukovsky azizange zibe ngababhali. U-Alexander Vasilyevna wawunawo emshadweni we-morganotic noPrince Alexie Aleksandrovich, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwahlukana nenyunyana. UZhukovskaya wamhambisa ngendodana eyodwa. Kamuva, le ntombazane yashada noBarona futhi yaba yi-verman yeVerman.
Mayelana noPavel Vasilyevich uyazi okuningi. Ibhulashi lomculi lizohanjiswa, kepha i-canvas kwakungeyona ukuphela kothando lwendodana zhukovsky. Le ndoda yaba ngumqambi wenhlangano ye-Bellev Insetch Museum, yathuthukisa ukwakhiwa kwephrojekthi yemnyuziyamu yobuciko obuhle eMoscow.
Ukushona
UVasily Andreevich Zhukovsky isikhathi eside wayehlala eBaden-Baden. Ngo-1851, lesi sifo safika kuye. Iso elilodwa lomlobi layeka ukubona, ngakho-ke uMdali wanconywa ukuchitha isikhathi esithe xaxa egumbini elimnyama. Naphezu kwezinkinga zempilo, uVasily Andreevich wayefuna ukubuyela ezweni lakubo - eRussia. Esekelwa kulo mbhali uChaadaev naseGogol.
NgoJulayi 14, 1851, umndeni kaZhukovsky wawuzoqhubeka nomgwaqo, kodwa lokhu akwenzekanga, ngoba le ndoda yayineso emehlweni akhe. Uwedwa ukubhala nokufunda uVasily Andrevich akakwazanga. Umlobi wasiza umngane womshado ne-valet. Isimo sempilo yeZhukovsky sasiwohloka ngokushesha, ngakho umlobi wezinkondlo nama-ballads acela ukuza eBaden Vyazemmky.
Ekugcineni, kukhona ikhefu likaVasily Andrevich ngemuva kokushona kukaGogol. Kwathi ngo-Ephreli 12, 1852, akazange abe ngumbhali ngokwakhe. Umlobi wezinganekwane "ku-Tsar Berendei" kanye "nokulala iTsarevna" kwengcwatshwe ku-crypt ekhethekile, ezindongeni lapho imigqa yezinkondlo zayo yaqoshwa khona. Ukwazi uthando lomlobi eRussia, ngo-Agasti 1852, iCamperine ihambisa uthuli lweZhukovsky ePeterSburg. Manje ithuna lembongi, umhumushi kanye nothisha batholakala emathuneni amaTikhvin ka-Alexander Nevsky Lavra, hhayi kude neMogile N. Karamzin.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1808 - "Ludmila"
- Ngo-1812 - Svetlana
- Ngo-1818 - "I-Forest Tsar"
- Ngo-1822 - "Ulwandle"
- 1825-1831 - "Indebe"
- Ngo-1831 - "Ukulala iTsarevna"
- Ngo-1831 - "Mayelana neTsar Berende"
- Ngo-1845 - "ku-Ivan Tsarevich ne-Grey Wolf"
- Ngo-1851 - "Ikati nembuzi"
- 1851 - "Inyoni"