I-Biograge
Sekudlule iminyaka engama-586 selokhu kwafa kwentombi edumile yase-Orleansian. Impilo emangalisayo uZhanna D'Mphone akayona ukuphumula izazi-mlando. Umkhululi odumile waseFrance unikelwe ezincwadini, ezisebenza, ama-movie, ezenziwa yi-canvas enhle. EFrance, awekho muzi lapho igama lakhe ngeke lizelwe. Umcimbi wememori kanye nenhlonipho enkulu uZhanna D'Arad ulele e-biography yakhe eyingqayizivele - eneminyaka engu-17 yaba yinduna-induna yaseFrance.
Kungukuphela kwesisulu seSonto lamaKhatholika, hhayi nje ukuvuselelwa ngemuva kokufa, kodwa futhi sabalwa nabangcwele. Ngaphandle kokuthi uzinikele kubantu, isibindi kanye nokumelana kwama-Orleans ase-Devir kwakwenza kwaba uphawu lweFrance. Ukuqubuka okukhanyayo okusetshenziswe emlandweni wangezikhathi zakudala, uZhanna d'umkhumbi washiya uphawu olungenakuqhathaniswa emlandweni wesintu.
Ubuntwana nentsha
UJeanne D'ARK, ebuntwaneni uJeguesta, wazalwa ngoJanuwari 6, 1412 eDomremis (uLorraine, eFrance). Ubaba Zhanna - Jacques D'ARK, Umama u-Isabella Roma. Abacwaningi abaningi be-Biography ZHANNA abanikeli impendulo efanele, kulokhu umndeni okwenzeka kuliphi ikilasi. Ngokwemininingwane eshiywe inzalo kaJacques, u-D'Arka, uCharhl du fox, uJacques washada eDomremi eSeffemi, isinkwa esikhulile futhi wayenehektha lama-20 omhlaba, izinkomo, izimvu namahhashi.
UJeanne uyisikhulu sezingane d'ark. Emndenini kukhule uZhanna Brothers - Jean, Pierre, Jacques noDade Katrin. UCatherine wafela ebusheni bakhe. Abazalwane baba ngabalingani futhi basekela uZhanna ngokuzayo. UJeanne akazange azishayele uJeanne D'M'M- mkhumbi - ebuntwaneni, ama-Orleans azinika igama elithi "ZHANNI VIRGUN".
Umbono Nesiprofetho
Umbono wokuqala kuJeanne weza eneminyaka engu-13 ubudala. Le ntombazane ibone i-Arduling Mikhail, iVelikomi e-Ekateratena Alexandria naseMargarita Antiyokiya. Embonweni, uNkulunkulu wakhomba phambili ekhanda lamasosha futhi asuse ukuvinjezelwa, aholele eRadfin Charles Crown kanye ne-France ecacile evela kubahlali baseNgilandi. Mhlawumbe, umcabango wentombazane wathonya ukubikezela kokubikezelwa kukaMerlin enkantolo ye-Arbar King, owabikezela ukuthi iFrance izosindisa i-Virgo eLorraine.Ngaleso sikhathi, izwe ladwengulwa empini eyikhulu. Ingxenye yeFrance yahlalwa eBrithani, futhi ingxenye yayisehlasela nokuphanga. U-Isabella Baavarian, unkosikazi we-Karl VI, ngo-1420 wasayina isivumelwano neBrithani, ngokusho kwawo amandla okufa kukaKarl VI akazange aye endodaneni kaKarl VI, kodwa kwaHenrich v, inkosi yaseNgilandi. Abantu abakhathele kanye nebutho elikhuthazelela ukunqotshwa belilinde isimangaliso, uMsindisi.
Empini
NgoJanuwari 1429, uZhanna d'ARK waphela ngaphandle kwendlu waya eVaculaler. Ngemuva kokuhlangana nokaputeni wedolobha laseRobert de Bodrikur, umemezele inhloso yakhe yokuhlangana noDofi. Le ntombazane ayizange ithathwe ngokungathi sína futhi yathunyelwa ekhaya. Ukubuyela eVoculaler ngonyaka kamuva, uJoan wazamazamisa ukaputeni, wabikezela ukunqotshwa kwamaFulentshi empini kaRuvre, izindaba zazo eza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kunokubikezela.
Umhlabe umxhwele uRobert de Bodrikur wathumela uZhanna D'Mphonka enkantolo, ukuhlinzeka ngokoduna, ebhalela ama-dofine futhi anikeze iqembu lamasosha. Endleleni, intombazane yahambisana nabafowethu. Indlela yegceke likaKarl iyingozi enkulu. Njengoba uZhanna asho, uMbundulosi uMichael wasiza abahambi endleleni.
Umzuzu wokuhlangana uZhanna D'Ark noKarl bachazwa ngemisebenzi eminingi. UKarl akazange anciphise isikhathi eside. Igceke lahlukaniswa laba amakamu amabili, abaningi badangalisa uDofene emhlanganweni nomelusi waseLorraine. Abefundisi babekholelwa ukuthi ama-Orleans ayehola uDeveli. Ngokunikeza izilaleli, uKarl watshala esikhundleni sakhe esihlalweni sobukhosi. UZhanna, engene ehholo, akazange abheke esihlalweni sobukhosi, waya eKarl, emi phakathi kwabaphathi.
Ngaleso sikhathi wathi, I-Ardungel Mikhail yakhonjwa eKarl. Ngemuva kwengxoxo uZhanna noKarl bodwa, inkosi yesikhathi esizayo yabukeka ikhanyisiwe. Umongo wengxoxo eKarl uveze kuphela ngemuva kwekota yekhulu leminyaka - d'amk wakhipha ukungabaza okuphathelene ne-dofin maqondana nemfanelo yamandla akhe. UZhanna waqinisekisa ikusasa lobukhosi ukuthi isihlalo sobukhosi singeyena ngokufanele.
Ngakho-ke, uCarl wayekholelwa entombini. Kepha umbono wakhe awuzange uxazulule konke - igama lokugcina lalingenxa yabapristi. Obene besonto bahlela ukuhlolwa kukaJeanne Tedious. Ngenxa yobuqiniso nobumsulwa bemicabango, edlula zonke izivivinyo kanye nemibuzo yokuhloliswa kweKhomishini kwabaPoitiers, uJeanne wamukelwa eCarl empini. Indlela yezempi enamandla ye-Orleansian nto nto yaqala. Ukusuka ePoitier Zhanna d'ARK wafika evakashele. Njengoba usuthole igiya nehhashi evakasheleni, i-Virgo yaya edolobheni laseBlois - indawo yokuqala endleleni eya e-Orleans.
EBlois, kwenzeke umcimbi ongenakuchazwa - uJeanne D'M wabamba iSaint Caremen-FJerBuy Chapel, eyayigcina inkemba yeNkosi uCharles Martella. Ngale nkemba, inkosi yanqoba uSaracinov empini ye-Poita ngo-732. Inkemba yasiza intombi ezimpini. Izindaba eziphathelene nokuvela koMsindisi zidlula eFrance. Ngaphansi kwamabhanela uZhanna d'Ark aqoqe amasosha. Izinxushunxushu nosizi ezinhlwini zamasosha kwaphela, abalwa bathatha umoya futhi bakholelwa ukuthi ama-Orleans Deva azoholela ekunqobeni.
UZhanna wema phambi kwamabutho ezimbangweni ezicwebezelayo, enenkemba yasendulo nesibhengezo. Ngokumangazayo, kepha umalusi webanga elincane elivela eLorraine waphathwa ngokushesha okukhulu ukukwazi amaqhinga wesayensi yamasosha, ukuletha i-oda ngamasosha adimonidi, ukuze azuze abaphathi bezempi. Kusalokhu kuqagela ukuqagela, njengasekuqaleni kweminyaka engu-17, kwabonakaliswa ithalente le-Commando. UJeanne uqobo waphinda ukuthi uNkulunkulu umhole.
Isinyathelo sokuqala emzabalazweni weZhanna vs. British ukususwa kokuvinjezelwa kwe-Orleans. I-Orleans kwakuwukuphela kwendawo yokuphuma endleleni yamasosha esiNgisi ekuthathweni okuphelele kweFrance, ngakho ukukhululwa kwedolobha kwakuyinto yokuqala ebaluleke kakhulu kuJeanne D'ARK. Ngo-Ephreli 28, 1429, amabutho aseFrance aholwa ngumkhuzi osemncane enza umkhankaso waya eNarleans. Bahlangana nebutho lezinkulungwane eziyisithupha zamaFulentshi. UVirgo wamema izinduna zebutho lakhe ukuba ziye enhlotsheni eyinhloko ye-Orleans futhi ihlasele amabutho esitha.
Kepha abaphathi bachitha umyalo, baletha amabutho e-Orleans abekelwe eceleni, bema ogwini olungakwesobunxele, maqondana namabutho ezitha. Womabili amabhuloho ezansi ayevinjezelwa yiBritish. Ukuwela umphikisi ngaphansi kwezingalo - udaba luyingozi. Isikhundla saphenduka sathemba. UZhanna wavuthulwa. Bekumele ngithumele amabutho abuyele eBlois, futhi athumele uLoire ogwini olungakwesokudla. Nge-burelf, d'arc ngokutholwa okuncane, amaphuzu akhukhuleke ngaseningizimu ye-Orleans futhi angena edolobheni ngesango laseBurgundian. Izakhamizi zeLywoving azilinganiselwe.
Impi ngaphansi kwe-Orleans yaphela ngokunqoba okunqobayo uZhanna d'ARK. Ekususweni kokuvinjezelwa kwezinqaba zeSaint-Lo, Ausugun neTomer Virgo babamba iqhaza mathupha. Ekuhlaselweni kokugcina okutholakele ehlombe. NgoMeyi 8, 1429, amaBrithani ashiya izindlela zokuhlaselwa futhi zabiwe. Idolobha kwathiwa lisindiswe. Ukunqoba kwesiFulentshi kwakubaluleke ngokwengqondo - izwe lalikholelwa emandleni akhe. Ngemuva kokunqoba kwasekupheleni kwenhlangano, umkhuzi omncane wanikezwa isidlaliso "Arleans".
ICoronation Carla
Ukugubha ukunqoba e-Orleans, uJeanne D'M- mkhumbi waya eCarlo, wamemezela ukunqoba. Indlela eya eDofina idlule esixukwini sokubonga isiFulentshi. Wonke umuntu wayefuna ukuthinta izembatho zempi zentombi yase-Orleans. Emasontweni abaphethe imithandazo eqinile ukuhlonipha uMsindisi. UKarl wahlangana nomkhuzi osemncane nodumo - wahlala phansi eduzane, njengeNdlovukazi, wanika isihloko esihle.
Umsebenzi olandelayo we-Orelian nto nto kwakungukukhululwa kwamaReims. Kwakukuye ukuthi ukukhonona kwabo bonke ababusi baseFrance kwabanjwa. Umuzwa wokuthanda izwe ongakaze ubonakale wawuvunyelwe ukuqoqa amasosha ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi nanye zempi yenkululeko yenkululeko. Igagasi leNhlangano Yenkululeko yakhukhuzela iFrance. UKarl waze wagcina ungangabaza impumelelo ye-Hike kumaReims. Kodwa-ke, ukubikezela kwentombi - amabutho afiphala ezindongeni zomuzi ngamasonto amabili nesigamu. Ukumangala kukaKarl kudlule endaweni yendabuko. Umqhele we-dofine wafakwa esontweni le-reimary. Eduze kweKing Staod Zhanna d'Adk ngesibhengezo, ezihlotsheni ze-knight.
Ifilimu nokufa
Ngokukhohlakala kukaKarl, umsebenzi wentombi yase-Orleansian waphela. UZhanna wacela inkosi ukuba imyeke aye edolobhaneni lakubo. UKarl wacela ukuba ahlale njenge-Commander in Chief. UZhanna wavuma. Isihloko esibusayo saseFrance, sahola nge-La Treule, sithola imali evela empini futhi saphetha isigaxa salo mbumbulu weBurgundy, sancenga uKarl ukuba alinde ngokukhululwa kweParis. UZhanna d'Ark uzame ukuhlukumeza okuzimele.
NgoMeyi 23, 1430, uZhanna wafika eziboshwa emabuthweni eBurgundy. Wamgcina ekudingisweni umkhuzi wamaBurgundian ePicardia Jean Jean. Wayengeke anikeze intombi eBrithani eya eBrithani, kodwa wabuza ukuhlengwa kwaKarl. Inkosi yakhaphela yona eyayimyisa esihlalweni sobukhosi, ngaphandle kokubonisa isithakazelo. Ukwenqaba buthule ama-French abheka ukukhashelwa okuyinhloko emlandweni wezwe.
Inkantolo phezu kukaJeanne D'ARK yayiqhutshwa. AmaBrithani ayengadingi ukubulala ama-Orleans - kwakudingeka asole igama lakhe. Ngakho-ke, uZhanna kufanele ngabe ukuqinisekisile ukuxhumana noDeveli ngaphambi kokubulawa kweNkantolo Yezintethezo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ukuqiniseka kwesonto kwamenyelwa kubuyinkimbiko kakhulu. Baba nguPierre SOSTENE, eyayiyiBiscopa Bove. Kumkhankaso ophumelelayo weViogin English wathembisa i-soster Mitra Archbishop Rouen.
Kusukela ngoDisemba 1431, uZhanna waboshwa eSuang - indawo eyayiseBrithani eFrance. Kwakunenkantolo. Udinga ukugweba intombi efeni, efakazela ukuxhumana noDeveli. Kulokhu, kwasiza ngokungaqondile ummangalelwa, wachaza isenzo ngesibopho esinamandla angaphezu kwawemvelo. Inkosi nama-Orleans ayibonanga, noma ama-combat comrade awazanga ukutakula uMsindisi. Okuwukuphela kwalapho ephuthuma e-Aid of Zhanna d'ARK, - knight Gilles de Ree, kamuva wabulawa.
Emathuneni aseSt. Wen's Abbey, uZhanna wasayina iphepha ngecala nezokuxhumana noDeveli. Amajaji anquma ukubona inkohliso ngokufunda omunye umbhalo. Kwembula okwakha kamuva, enqubweni yokuvuselelwa kwefearrr. Isinqumo se-Tribunal sasifunda: "Inhlawulo yokuvutha umlilo iyaphila." UJeanne kuze kube sekufeni kokufa kugcinwe ngomoya ophansi nangokuzethemba. "Amaphimbo" athembisa ama-Orleans lyrin asindiswa ngoMeyi 1431.
Ukuvuselelwa kukaZhanna D'ARK kwenzeka eminyakeni engama-25, ngemuva kokukhululwa kweFrance kwabahleli bamaNgisi.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Impilo yomuntu siqu uZhanna D'AMM ancishwa uthando. Wake waba sebuthweni lentombi eneminyaka engu-16 ubudala, intombi yase-Orleansian yafa emlilweni eminyakeni engu-19.Ukukhumbula
Namuhla, inkumbulo yama-Orleans ayifa ezikhumbuzweni, ama-movie nezincwadi. ISonto lamaKhatholika ligubha usuku lukaSt. Jeanne D'ARK njalo ngonyaka ngoMeyi 30. AmaFulentshi agubha minyaka yonke ngoMeyi 8, uJeanne D'ARK Day. EParis, isikhumbuzo seNkosazana ehhashini egolide liseParis. Imidwebo eyi-100 enikezelwe ku-Orleans Virtual iyadutshulwa.
I-Lightweight ithandwa kakhulu nguLuka Cherson "Messenger. Umlando uZhanna d'Ad "noMilka Yovovich endimeni eholayo. Isiphetho se-heroine yaseFrance sichazwa encwadini kaMark Twain "Jeanne D'MK".
Eminye Imisebenzi
- UZhanna-Omfazi (ifilimu, 1917)
- "UJeanne D'Am emlilweni" (1954)
- "Inqubo zhanna d'ark" (ifilimu, 1962)
- "Qala" (ifilimu, ngo-1970)
- "Isilayezi. Umlando Zhanna d'ARK "(Ifilimu, 1999)
- Jeanne D'ARK (ifilimu, ngo-1999)
- "Silence Zhanna" (ifilimu, 2011)
- "UJohane oNgcwele" (Bernard Show Book)
- "I-Orleans Virtual" (I-Voltaire Poem)
- "I-Virgo yase-OrleanSean" (Fritrich Schiller Inhlekelele)