I-Biograge
I-Actress Theatre kanye ne-cinema u-Ingrid Bergman usephenduke inganekwane ye-Italian neorealism. Ngaphezu kokubukeka okuhle kakhulu, uMuse Alfred Hichkok ubuye walinalo ithalente elingavamile, elingakwazi ukudlula kunoma yimuphi umqondisi. Umculi, ukuhlonipha okunhlobonhlobo ama-roses abizwa ngokuthi yi-laureate yoMklomelo we-Oscar, amahlandla amane "iGlobor Globe" futhi kabili - amaprimiyamu e-AMMI ahlonishwe.Ubuntwana nentsha
U-Ingrid Bergman wazalwa ngo-Agasti 29, 1915 enhlokodolobha yaseSweden - Stockholm. Ubaba we-acterss yesikhathi esizayo Yustus Bergman ephethe ikhamera yamakhamera. Ungomunye wedolobha olithenge ngekhamera yevidiyo, ngenxa yawo wonke umhlaba owathola ukuthi i-Ingred yayiyingane enhle kakhulu.
Umama womculi uFriede uHenrietta akazange asebenze noma kuphi. Ngokwezwi, okungenangqondo izithombe zowesifazane zaziphambene ngqo ne-Dreamy, ubuciko bezobuciko bomshado. Ushonelwe yisifo seGallbladder, lapho indodakazi yayingenaminyaka emithathu.
Ngokushesha nje emva kokufa kukamama, umalume wakhe, onoshukela futhi oqinile uHelen wathuthela endlini, wathuthela endlini. Owesifazane akazange ahlanganyele ekukhulisweni kophopho otholwa, ngenxa yalokho u-Ingrid abukeka ngokwengeziwe eMhlabeni wakhe oqashelwayo. Ngokubambisana nabangane abacabangayo, wayevame ukuthuthukiswa phambi komndeni wesahluko.
Lapho eneminyaka engu-11 ubudala, uyise wathatha indodakazi yakhe ukwenza iNational Royal Dramame Theatre. Esigodlweni sezindela unkulunkulukazi uMelpomen, wathola izwe elisha elisha, lapho abantu bedlala esiteji, kanye nokwamukelwa kwezihlobo bathola uthando nokunaka labo abakhona ekwethulweni komphakathi. Ekupheleni kokusebenza, ingrid encane isivele yazi ukuthi yini ezochitha impilo yakhe.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi, njengengane, inkanyezi ye-movie yazonda isikole futhi yaphinde yazenzela isiguli ukuthi singayi ezifundweni. Ukungathandi ukuya kulesi sikole kwavela ngenxa yokwenqatshwa kokubonakala kwakhe. Ukusindiswa okuvela emcabangweni onzima kaBergman kutholakala ezincwadini. Umlingiswa owuthandayo wezemibhalo womculi kwakunguZhanna D'ARK. I-heroine yamheha ngobuNkulunkulu bakhe, isibindi nokuthi iqiniso le-Orlen nto lilodwa njengaye.
Enyangeni ngaphambi kokugubha iminyaka engu-14, uBergman walahlekelwa nguyise othandekayo, owabulawa umdlavuza wesisu. Ukushiya izintandane, u-Ingrid wathuthela ku-anti kaHelen, kodwa washona ngonyaka. Ngemuva kwalokho i-Ingrid yathuthela kuMalume Otto.
Ubuzenzisi babengobukhulu bakhe bangempela. I-pulmonary esebenzayo yamvumela ukuthi ayivuseleleke ngezinhlamvu, kumaski afihla ngekhono umphefumulo wakhe ngobuhlakani. Lapho eneminyaka engu-15 ubudala, iBergman ibekelwe inkanyezi esiqeshini sopende "wamazwe omhlaba", ngaleyo ndlela ibeke ukuqala komsebenzi wakhe omuhle kakhulu.
Ngo-1933, u-Ingrid wayisa esikoleni se-Royal Drama Theatre, futhi ngemuva konyaka umfundi onekhono wathola isiphakamiso sokudubula kwifilimu. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi othisha babheka umsebenzi we-movie, abafanelwe ngumlingisi wangempela, uBergman oshiywe ngaphandle kokuncipha isikhungo semfundo futhi akazange alahlekelwe. Ukudlala ngo-1936, izindima eziyinhloko ezimibheni eziyi-6 zaseSweden, waba yizibukeli ezithandwayo emhlabeni wonke.
Amafilimu
Ngenxa ye-melodrame yothando "i-intermezzo" ngo-1936, umqondisi waseHollywood uDavid Selznik waphawulwa ngo-1936. Wathenga ilungelo lefilimu futhi wasayina isivumelwano nomlingisi wokudubula ukukhumbula kabusha imidwebo eMelika.
Ngo-1941, isithombe sefilimu sagcwaliswa ngendima kwifilimu "uDkt Jackail kanye noMnu. Heid". ERibe, u-Ingrid wadlala umgomo waseSweden nezilaleli, kodwa isifebe u-IVI. Le ndima yanikeza umdwebi ithuba lokuzikhombisa ohlangothini olusha, ngasikhathi sinye ukubonisa ubulili bokuqala.
Ngonyaka olandelayo, uBergman, umbhangqwana onoHumphrey Bogart oboshelwe kwifilimu uMichael Cartitsa Casablanca. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi emfanekisweni ka-Ilslo, ababhali benziwa amaskripuni benziwa amahlandla ambalwa, ngoba uBergman akazange abone esimweni somlingiswa wakhe wokujula.
Ekuqaleni kuka-1944, ifilimu kaGeorge Kicker "Light Light" yaphuma. Empendweni, umlingisi wadlala owesifazane onomyeni wakhe onobuqili abazama ukukholisa iqiniso lokuthi uyahlanya. Le ndima ilethe i-Oscar yokuqala. Ngo-1945-1946 kwaphawulwa ngokungena ekukhanyisweni kuka-Alfred Hichkok "kanye" noNkazimulo Omubi ".
Ifilimu "Izinsimbi zikaSanta uMary" zaba yisiqalekiso sangempela sikaBergman. Naphezu kokuphuma komahla kwesithombe, iqiniso lokuthi isibukeli saqala ukubona umlingisi nge-heroine yakhe, kwathinta kabi impilo yomuntu siqu yomdwebi, lapho kulindeleke khona ukuhlukunyezwa.
Ngo-1948, i-Cinematic Piggy Bank Bergman yagcwaliswa ngendima eyinhloko kwifilimu ethi "Zhanna d'ARK". I-Ingrid kulindeleke ukuthi le ntambo izoyivusa ezingeni elisha, kepha ngenxa yalokho, isithombe asizange silambise noma izilaleli noma abagxeki.
Ifilimu elithi "Stromboli", elikhishwe ezikrinini ezinkulu ngo-1950, lathola ukubuyekezwa okungalungile futhi kwavinjelwa emadolobheni amaningi. Abantu ababalelwa ezigidini ezinhlanu baseMelika bavotelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amafilimu ngokubamba iqhaza kweBergman avinjelwe ukukhombisa endaweni yezwe labo.
Ngo-1956, umculi wabekwa inkanyezi esithombeni esithi "Anastasia". AmaKinomu emhlabeni wonke afinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi indima yowesifazane, ukujabulisa kakhulu indawo yawo empilweni, yayifanelekile kakhulu. Ngemuva kweminyaka emibili, uBergman, kanye nomlingisi odumile uCary Grant ubekelwe inkanyezi kwifilimu uStanley Denin "indikimba."
Ngo-1974, kwaqhamuka umculi "ngokubulala empumalanga e-Eastern Express", lapho azidlalela khona isithunywa sevangeli esingenacala kuya kubalingani becala likaGreto Olson. Ngo-1978, umqondisi wefilimu u-Ingmar Bergman "ekwindla Sonata" wadedelwa ezikrinini ezinkulu, nabesifazane beDrama ye-1982 egama lingu-1982
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Bonke abesilisa abakhona empilweni kaBergman baqonda ukuthi umsebenzi we-Ingdrid okubaluleke kakhulu emindenini nasezinganeni. Ukuba yintombazane encane, umlingisi wasonta inoveli ngodokotela wamazinyo ophumelelayo uPeter Lindstrom. Indoda eyayindala emculweni iminyaka eyi-10, yanikeza ukuzethemba kweBergyman ngokuzayo futhi yakuheha ngokuthembeka kwakhe nokuqonda kwakhe. Wayengumngane, futhi othanda, nomeluleki.
UBergman walekiswa kaninginingi nothandekayo wakhe ezindabeni zomsebenzi. UPhetro wayekholelwa ukuthi ukuthambekela kwabalingisi abaningi kwe-Ingrid kuzosiza isithombe sokukhipha impilo kanye nokusha kobuhle obuhle. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngaphambi kokuya eStockholm, etholakala endaweni engaphansi kweStockholm, abathandi babhebhethekiswa ngebhayisekili lemoto. Ngaphandle kokufinyelela umgomo wokugcina wamakhilomitha ambalwa, uBergman utshalile ezokuthutha ezinamasondo amabili, eza esizeni esivele zikuthola.
UPeter no-Ingrid bavuke ngabo-1936, kwathi ngonyaka wabo wawuseminyakeni. Ehlobo lika-1937, izinkundla zemidlalo emincane zazinezihlobo zendoda eJalimane. Ngesikhathi sokudla kwakusihlwa, kwavela ukuthi u-anti kaLindstrome wayethanda kakhulu umbono kaHitler. Ukuze ujabulele isihlobo somlingani, uBergman wasayina inkontileka yokudubula amafilimu amabili nge-Nazi Studio "UFA".
Lapho ebuyela emaphethelweni endabuko, umlingisi ngo-1937 wanikeza umphunga endodakazini ethandekayo. Lapho umlingisi onethalente ethola isimemo sokuya eHollywood, umyeni wakhe akazange anengqondo. Emndenini wango-1939 wathuthela eCalifornia. Isikhathi esifushane sikaPeter sathola eMelika nomsebenzi wakhe oyinhloko, kodwa ngokushesha waba ngumphathi we-Actress. Ngemuva kweminyaka emibili, oke amele umngane ngaphandle komngane wabathandi abahambisana nobudlelwano bebhizinisi kuphela. U-Ingrid wayefuna isehlukaniso, kepha umyeni owazi amanoveli omkakhe ohlangothini, akamnikanga.
Entwasahlobo yango-1946, umlingisi wabona ifilimu kaNeanalist Roberto Rosselini "IRoma - evulekile City". Ukulula kanye nobuqiniso obukhulu bomsebenzi ekujuleni komphefumlo kwathinta uBergman. Kamuva engxoxweni no-Ingrid wavuma ukuthi bathandana noMqondisi wase-Italy ngamafilimu akhe. Ngokuvunywa koshashayo, umlingisi wabhala incwadi kaRoberto, eyayibonisa intshisekelo yakhe ngokubambisana naye.
NgoMashi 1949, u-Ingrid wandiza waya enhlokodolobha yase-Italy ukuze adlale iRossLLINI. Ehlobo lonyaka ofanayo, inoveli yabo yaba ngumphakathi. Ababezindaba babuke othandweni nasemini, nasebusuku. UPeter, owayengafuni ukuthatha iqiniso lokuthi umshado wakhe weza ekugcineni, wandiza waya eRoma kumkakhe. Ngemuva kwengxoxo ende, wabopha inhliziyo inhliziyo yavuma ukunikela isehlukaniso somuntu osathandayo. Kuliqiniso, ekugcineni, umuntu owonile wamphuca umkadele umkakhe.
Lapho ulwazi mayelana nokukhulelwa komlingisi luvuthiwe kwabezindaba, izintatheli zavimbezela inkanyezi yenkanyezi yenkanyezi, futhi ngemuva kokuzalwa ngo-1950 indodana kaRobertino, abathwebuli bezithombe ababefuna ukuthola izithombe zosana olusanda kuzalwa nganoma iyiphi intengo. Ngawo lowo nyaka, abathandi benza ubudlelwano babo. Ngemuva kweminyaka emibili emshadweni, uBergman wanikeza umyeni wakhe emawele nase-Isabella Rosselini.
I-Star inqume ukungayiphindaphindi amaphutha wesikhathi esedlule bese ifakwa endaweni yokuqala hhayi ukudubula kuma-movie, kodwa umndeni. Kuliqiniso, ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa, u-Ingrid wabona ukuthi umyeni wakhe akakwazanga ukondla yena nezingane zodwa. Naphezu kwemibhikisho yalowo mqondisi, wadlala ekwenziweni kweshashalazini kaRobert Anderson "Tea and Sarryy". URosselini ngaphambi kokuba i-premiere yokudlala eshiwo ukuthi ukudlala kuphelele.
Ngemuva kwesenzo sokuqala, wabuza uBergman: "Ehholo, omunye umuntu wasala?" Ngemuva kwesibili - kubuze ukuthi utamatisi wakhe akazange akhiphe yini, futhi nini ekugcineni kwesethulo, izilaleli zazishaya ihlombe imizuzu eyi-14, zishiye buthule inkundla yemidlalo yeshashalazi. Ngaleso sikhashana, lo mculi wabona ukuthi umshado wakhe weza ekugcineni. Bahlukanisile ngabo-1957, kwathi ngonyaka olandelayo, uSwede odumile ashade futhi. Umkhiqizi wakhe we-CHMDT uLars Schmidt waba yinhloko yakhe. Inyunyana eyayikhona iminyaka engu-17, yawa ngo-1975.
Ukushona
Ngo-1973, umlingisi wathola umdlavuza webele futhi asuse ngokushesha esifubeni sesobunxele. Ngesikhathi sokuhlunga kwe- "Autumn Sonata", u-Ingrid wafunda ukuthi isimila sinikeze ama-metastases. Ngemuva kokuphuma kwe-Ribbon kuya ezikrinini ezinkulu, wasuswa isifuba sesibili, kepha lesi sifo sathuthuka. Ngemuva kwamaviki ambalwa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, inkanyezi yaseHollywood yaqala ukuwela isandla sayo. Odokotela bamemezele isidingo sokunqunywa komlenze. Ukwenza ngombono wokuba yi-Crippled futhi ube ngumthwalo ozungezile, umdwebi wakhetha ukufa kancane.
Naphezu kobuhlungu obungabekezeleleki, uBergman waqhubeka nokuthola ifilimu. NgoSeptemba 1981, wandizela kwa-Israyeli ekudubuleni kowesifazane wethelevishini "ogama lakhe lingu-Gold." Ekuqaleni, umlingisi wenqaba indima, esho ukuthi uyi-swede enkulu, futhi iGolda iyinto emfishane, kodwa ekugcineni, i-Ingrid isazelwe yifindo. Ngokusho kwabangani, indima ebalulekile ekwenzeni isinqumo sadlala iqiniso lokufana nendlela yokuphila yalaba besifazane ababili abanamandla. U-Israyeli undunankulu, kanye nomnikazi we-oscars amathathu, waletha umndeni wawumhlatshelwa umsebenzi, futhi futhi wayengazi ukuthi yikuphi ukucoba.
IBergman yalwa ngesibindi nokugula okunzima iminyaka engu-9. Umlingisi ushone ngosuku lwakhe lokuzalwa lwe-67 - Agasti 29, 1982, eLondon. Uthuli lwayo, eWilly, lwaluswa eSkagerrak ebunzini, exhuma ulwandle olusenyakatho ne-baltic, hhayi kude nokuhlala khona kweFithelbakk, lapho umlingisi etholwa njalo ehlobo ehlobo kusukela ngo-1958, efake itshe lesikhumbuzo.
Izics
- 1982 - "Owesifazane ogama lakhe lingu-Gold"
- 1974 - "Ukubulala" Eastern Express "
- 1969 - "Imbali ye-Cactus"
- Ngo-1964 - "vakashela"
- 1956 - "Anastasia"
- 1954 - "Ukwesaba"
- Ngo-1949 - "Ngophawu lweCapricorn"
- Ngo-1948 - "Jeanne D'MK"
- 1948 - "Ukunqoba i-Arch"
- 1946 - "Inkazimulo Embi"
- Ngo-1945 - "Wafunwa"
- 1943 - "Umyalo ubiza insimbi"
- 1942 - "Casablanca"
- Ngo-1941 - "UDkt Jackail kanye noMnu Heid"
- 1936 - Intermezzo