I-Biograge
UKonstantin Simonov ungumbhali odumile, imbongi nentatheli. Kubhalwe imisebenzi yakhe phakathi neminyaka yempi kwakungeyona nje ukuboniswa kwangempela, kodwa futhi nohlobo lomkhuleko. Isibonelo, le nkondlo "ingilindile", eyaba ngu-1941 futhi yanikezelwa eValentine Serove, kuze kube namuhla inika ithemba lamasosha athumela enkundleni yempi. Futhi, ubuhlakani bezincwadi baziwa ngemisebenzi 'yokumbulala', "amasosha akazilwelwa", "incwadi evulekile", "phila futhi udala izidalwa ezijabulisayo nezinobuhlakani.Ubuntwana nentsha
Ngosuku olubandayo lwe-Autumn edolobheni e-Neva, olwalubizwa ngokuthi uPetrograd, ngoNovemba 28, 1915 emndenini kaMork General Mikhail Agafangedna Nolenski - indodana yazalwa, eyayizalwe, eyayizalwe, eyayizalwe, eyayizalwe, eyayizalwe, eyayizalwe, eyayizalwe, eyayizalwe, eyayizalwe, eyayizalwe, eyayizalwe, eyayizalwe, eyayizalwe, eyayizalwe, okwakuzalwa kuCyril Alexangra. .
UCyril uyigama langempela lomlobi, kepha ngenxa yokuthi uSimonow Kartvil akashongo eliqinile, waqala ukuzibiza ngoKonstantin, kodwa umama wombhali akazange aqaphele i-pseudonym yenzalo yakhe, ngakho-ke yena Ngaso sonke isikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi yindodana emnene nguKiryuska.
Umfana wakhula wakhuphuka ngaphandle kukaYise, ngoba, njenge-biography, ohlanganiswe ngu-Alexey Simonov, umkhulu wakhe alahlekile ePoland ngo-1922: Umngcwele oyinhloko endlini wawungekho, ebambe iqhaza eMpini Yezwe Yokuqala. Futhi-ke, izinkumbulo zikaKonstantin Mikhailovich zixhumeke kakhulu nobaba wokutholwa kunobaba wakhe.
Uma ufuna impilo engcono, umama womlobi wesikhathi esizayo, kanye neNdodana yakhe, lapho ahlangana khona e-Alexander Grigorieving i-Ivanishev, eyasebenza njengochwepheshe wezempi, futhi kamuva wahola amabutho abomvu 'kanye nabampofu. Kuyaziwa ukuthi kwavela ubungane obufudumele obunobungane phakathi komlingani omusha we-Obolensk nohambo lwakhe lokutholwa.
Ngenkathi inhloko yomndeni isebenza, u-Alexander walungisa ukudla kwasemini kanye nokudla, kwaholela ekhaya futhi waletha uConstantine. UProser wakhumbula ukuthi abazali bakhe babevame ukuxoxa ngezepolitiki, kepha zonke lezi zingxoxo uKonstantinin Mikhailovich empeleni azizange zikhumbule. Kepha lapho inhloko yomndeni ingena kulenkonzo eRyazan Insantry School kuthisha onamaqhinga, umndeni ubuye wabusa umbono ongemuhle ngeTrotsky, ikakhulukazi, abantu abadala bagxekwa efleff kanye nothuli lwemisebenzi yakhe njengolulukwenziswa lwezidakamizwa.
Lapho-ke lokhu okuthunyelwe kwathathwa yi-frunze, eyahlangabezana kahle, kepha amaqhinga omlandeli wakhe - uVoroshilov - akazange athande ubaba otholwayo kaConstantine. Futhi, umlobi ukhumbula ukuthi izindaba zokufa kukaVladimir Ilsich zaziyesabela umkhaya wakhe, kwavela izinyembezi kubazali bakhe, kepha i-wrestler yafika izongena esikhundleni se-trotskyism stalin, azange ibone kangako ngaleso sikhathi.
Lapho umfana eneminyaka eyi-12, enkumbulweni yakhe wabhala umcimbi wakhumbula kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo yakhe. Iqiniso ukuthi uSimon wabhekana nomqondo wokucindezelwa (ngaleso sikhathi wanikeza kuphela amahlumela okuqala) nangengozi, ubuyela endlini ukuthola ukuthi usesho olukhohliwe, indoda endala ekhubazekile .
"... Indoda endala, incike odongeni, isigamu ukuhamba embhedeni, yaqhubeka nokubabazeka, futhi ngangihlala esihlalweni sangibheka konke lokhu ... emphefumulweni kwakungesona ukwethuka, kodwa Ukumangala okuqinile: Ngokuzumayo ngake ngabhekana nokuthile okubonakale kungahlanganisi nempilo umndeni wethu owawuphi ..., "kusho uKonstantin Mikhailovich ekhumbuzweni sakhe.Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi kubantwana umbhali wesikhathi esizayo akazange aboshwe endaweni ethile, ngoba ngenxa yomsebenzi othile, umndeni wasuka endaweni. Ngakho-ke, intsha yombhali yadlula emadolobheni amasosha nasezindlini eziholide. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, uKonstantin Mikhailovich ophothule ezifundeni eziyisikhombisa zeSikole Sesekokondari, futhi-ke, owayethanda kakhulu umbono wokwakhiwa kosonhlalonhle, wakhetha indlela ebekiwe futhi waya ukuthola okukhethekile.
Ukukhethwa kwensizwa kwehlela esikoleni sokufunda umsebenzi wefekthri, lapho afundela khona lo msebenzi weTokar. E-biography kaKonstantin Mikhailovich kwakukhona nezinsuku ezingakwazi. Ubaba wakhe wokutholwa waboshwa isikhashana, wabe esedubula esikhundleni. Ngakho-ke, lo mndeni unwetshwa kusukela ezindlini wacishe wahlala ngaphandle kokuziphilisa.
Ngo-1931, uSimonov, kanye nabazali bawo, wathuthela eMoscow, kodwa ngaphambi kwalokho wasebenza ngensimbi eya kwinsimbi eSaratov Production. Ngokufana nalokhu, iKonstantin Mikhailovich yathola imfundo ku-Institute Extary ebizwa nge-Maxim Gorky, lapho aqala khona ukumbonisa amandla okudala. Njengoba sesitholile idiploma, uKonstantin Mikhailovich wamukelwa esikoleni sokuphothula iziqu ze-Moscow Institute of Filososofi, izincwadi nomlando ogama lakhe ngu-N. G. Chernyyshevyky.
Ukulwa
USimonov wabizelwa enkonzweni ebuthweni lempi, lapho akhonza khona njengombhali wamasosha ngaphambi kokuthi i-vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov ukuhlaselwa kuka-Adolf Hitler. Le nsizwa yathunyelwa ukuyobhala izindatshana ezikhuluma ngempi eKhalchin-Goling - ukungqubuzana kwendawo phakathi koMbuso WaseJapan noManzihou. Kwakukhona lapho uSimono owayejwayelana noGeorge Zhukov, owathola isidlaliso sabantu besidlaliso sokunqoba.
Esikoleni esineziqu, umbhali akazange abuye. Lapho kwaqala impi enkulu yokuthanda izwe, uSimono wajoyina amazinga embutho ebomvu futhi wanyatheliswa emaphephandabeni amaphephandaba "izvestia", "combat banner" kanye "nenkanyezi ebomvu".
Ngokufaneleka kwabo nesibindi, umlobi owavakashele onke wabona izwe lasePoland, eRomania, eJalimane nakwamanye amazwe, wakhipha neminye emiklolome esezingeni eliphakeme, futhi wadlula endleleni evela kuKhomishani Ophezulu weBattalion eya kwiColoneli. UConstantine Mikhailovich uyindondo "yokuvikela iCaucasus", umyalo wempi yokuthanda izwe lezinga lokuqala, indondo "yokuvikela iMoscow", njll.
Into yokufunda
Indoda eyabona ukwethuka kwenzeka ngesikhathi seMpi enkulu yokuthanda izwe yayithwala lezi zinkumbulo njengomthwalo omkhulu empilweni yakhe yonke. Ngakho-ke, akumangazi ukuthi izehlakalo zegazi zango-1941-1945 zaba isizinda sokwabelana ngobuhlakani, ngoba abantu babefuna ukuhlanganyela lokho obekufanele basinde ngakho, futhi iKonstantin Mikhailovich Simonov - akukho okuhlukile. Ingqikithi esemqoka yemisebenzi yayo, njengeVasil Bykov, yimpi.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi uSimono ungumbhali wendawo yonke. Insizakalo yayo ifakwe kuhlu lwezindaba ezincane nezindaba nezinkondlo, izinkondlo, idlala ngisho namanoveli aphelele. Ngokusho kwamahemuhemu, iwizadi yaqala ukutadisha ukubhala ebusheni, ukuhlala ebhentshini leyunivesithi.
Ngemuva kwempi, uKonstantin Mikhailovich wasebenza njengomhleli kumagazini "World New", wayekhona ohambweni lwamabhizinisi amaningi, wabuka ubuhle bezwe elalishile futhi wahamba eMelika nase China. U-Simonov kusukela ngo-1950 kuya ku-1953 wawuseposini lomhleli oyinhloko wephephandaba lezincwadi.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngemuva kokufa kukaJoseph Stalin, uKonstantin Mikhailovich wabhala i-athikili lapho abize khona kubo bonke ababhali ukubonisa ubuntu obukhulu beGeneralissimus futhi abhale ngendima yakhe yezomlando empilweni yabantu baseSoviet. Kodwa-ke, lesi siphakamiso sabonwa e-Bayonet Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev, owayengabelani ngombono womlobi. Ngakho-ke, ngokuhleleka kukanobhala wokuqala wekomidi eliphakeme le-CPSU Simonov, bathunyelwa esimweni.
Kuhle futhi ukusho ukuthi iKonstantin Mikhailovich ibamba iqhaza ekulweni nesendlalelo esihlukile sokuhlangana. Ngamanye amagama, umbhali akazange abe nozwela kozakwabo kule ndawo yokusebenzela - u-Anna Akhmatova, uMikhail Zoshkenko no-Alexander Solzhenitsyn. I-Boris Pasternak yafakwa ngaphansi kwabhalwa phansi kanye ne-boris pasternak, ebhala "imibhalo engeyona".
Ngo-1952, uKonstantin Simonov uqhamuka ne-Debut Romance, eyabizwa ngokuthi igama elithi "izingalo Comile Comrade", futhi ngemuva kweminyaka eyisikhombisa umbhali uba ngumbhali wencwadi ethi "Uyaphila futhi efile" (1959), ekhule waba yi-trilogy. Ingxenye yesibili yanyatheliswa ngo-1962, kwathi olwesithathu - ngo-1971. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ivolumu yokuqala icishe ifane nedayari yomuntu siqu.
Isakhiwo se-epopea yaseRoma sisuselwa ezigabeni ezenzeka phakathi nempi, kusukela ngo-1941 kuya ku-1944. Kungashiwo ukuthi iKonstantin Mikhailovich ichaze lokho akubonayo ngamehlo akhe, ngobuciko kwenezela umsebenzi wezingathekiso nokunye ukujika kwenkulumo.
Ngo-1964, uMqondisi odumile u-Alexander TSPER ulihlehlise lo msebenzi kwizikrini ze-TV, ususe i-movie igama elifanayo. Izindima eziphambili zenziwa nguKirill Lavrov, i-Anatoly Papanov, u-Alexey Glazerin, u-Oleg Effemov, u-Oleg Tabakov nabanye abalingisi abadumile.
Phakathi kwezinye izinto, iKonstantin Mikhailovich ehunyushelwe olimini lwesiRussia ama-RedDArd Kipling, umbhali wencwadi edumile ekuhambeni kwe-mowgli, kanye nemibhalo yembongi yase-Azerbaijani nguNasimi nase-Uzbek umlobi uKakhhar.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Impilo yomuntu siqu yeKonstantin Mikhailovich Sikloovich Simonov ingasebenza njengesisekelo senoveli yonke, ngoba i-biography yalo muntu inothile emicimbini. Induna yokuqala yombhali kwakungumlobi uNatalia Ginzburg, owavela emndenini othembekile futhi ohlala isikhathi eside. UKonstantin Mikhailovich onikezelwe eKonstantinin Mikhailovich yakhe ethandekayo, kepha ubudlelwane bobuntu obubili bokudala bathola iFiasco.
Isikhulu esilandelayo sikaSimonov saba ngu-Evgenia Laskin, owanikeza umlobi wendodana ka-Alengei (1939). ILaskin - Isazi sezeFilologist yezeMfundo - yasebenza njengesihleli semibhalo, futhi nguyena owashicilela ngo-1960 inoveli yenoveli engafi uMikhail "Master neMargarita".
Kepha lobu budlelwano bahlukaniswa nemithungo, ngoba, yize bekuzalwa indodana encane, uKonstantin Mikhailovich wangena ekhanda ngenoveli nomlingisi waseSoviet uValentina Serovoy, owadlala amafilimu e "Izinhliziyo Ezine" (1941) , "UGlinka" (1946), "i-Garrison engafi" (1956) neminye imidwebo. Intombazane uMaria (1950) yavela kulo mshado. Umlingisi uphefumule uSimonov ngobuqambi futhi wayengumnyuziyamu wakhe. Ngibonga kuye, iKonstantin Mikhailovich ikhiphe imisebenzi eminingana, njengokudlala "umfana ovela edolobheni lethu".
Ngokusho kwamahemuhemu, uValentina wasindisa umlobi u-Ivan Bunin ekufeni okusondele. Kusho ukuthi iKonstantin Mikhailovich yaya enhlokodolobha yaseFrance ngo-1946, lapho u-Ivan Aleksevich ayezokhonzwa ukuthi abuyele ezweni lakubo. Kodwa-ke, ekusithekeni kumyeni wakhe, othandekayo wakhe watshela uBunin ekusizeni ngalokho ayekulindile e-USSR. Ososayensi behlulekile ukufakazela ukunemba kwale ndaba, kepha uValentine akasahambi uhambo ngokuhlanganyela nomyeni wakhe.
Ngenhlanhla noma ukuzisola, uValentina Serov noKonstantin Simonov bahlukana ngo-1950. Kuyaziwa ukuthi umfazi wangaphambili womlobi ushone ngawo-1975 nezimo ezingachaziwe. Umlobi wathunyelwa ebhokisini lowesifazane ahlala kulo iminyaka eyi-15, isixha semishini engama-58 ebomvu.
Isazi-mlando sobuciko uLarisa Zhadova, ongokwenyama, kwakuyintokazi enzima futhi enonembeza, waba uthando lwesine nelokugcina empilweni kaSimoni. ULarisa wethule umngane wakhe oshade naye ku-Alexander (1957), futhi indodakazi yakhuliswa endlini kusukela emshadweni wokuqala kaLarisa nembongi yembewu yembewu Gudsenkosi - uCatherine.
Ukushona
UKonstantin Simonov ushone eMoscow ehlobo lika-1978. Imbangela yokufa isiphenduke isimila esibi samaphaphu. Isidumbu sembongi nePropaka sashiswa, futhi uthuli lakhe (ngokusho kwentando) lwalusahlulela phezu kweNkambu yaseBailynsky - isakhiwo seSikhumbuzo esisedolobheni laseMogilev.I-Bibliography
- 1952 - "Izingalo Comrades"
- 1952 - "Izinkondlo Nezinkondlo"
- 1956-1961 - South Stand
- 1959 - "Phila Futhi Ufile"
- Ngo-1964 - "Amasosha azalwa"
- Ngo-1966 - "UKonstantin Simonov. Kuqoqwe kusebenza kumavolumu ayisithupha "
- 1971 - "Ihlobo eledlule"
- 1975 - "UKonstantin Simonov. Izinkondlo "
- 1985 - "Sophia Leonidovna"
- Ngo-1987 - "Isithasiselo Sesithathu"