I-Biograge
UTsar Fyodor Aleksevich ubizwa ngokuthi owandulela uPitrosi Mina nasefeni lesihlalo sobukhosi, nalapho kulungiswa izinguquko. Umfowabo kanye noMfoweth 'uPhetro omkhulu iminyaka engu-6 kahulumeni (kusukela ngo-1676 kuya ku-1682) waqala okuningi eqinisweni lokuthi umbusi waseRussia waqeda ngempumelelo. Indlalifa esihlalweni sobukhosi saseRussia uFodor Aleksevich Romanov wazalelwa enhlokodolobha ngo-1661.
Umshado kaTsar Alethei Mikhailovich, owabizwa ngokuthi unolaka kahle, ngoMaria uMiloslavskaya wabaceba izindlalifa; abashadikazi babenamadodana amahlanu namadodakazi ayisikhombisa. Kepha yonke inzalo yayingafani nempilo eqinile. Amadodana amathathu ashonele ebuntwaneni. U-Ivan Aleksevich - omncane kakhulu wezingane zethule - odokotela bathola ukubuyiselwa kwengqondo.
Onke amathemba enkosini ebekwe kuFedor, Smart neLove Ethandekayo Science. Kepha futhi waba nempilo kahle: indlalifa yasebukhosini ibigula e-qing, ihamba, yancika enduku, futhi akuvamile ukuba ikhethe esigodlweni. Imfundo kaFedor Aleksevich yayisezomthetho emahlombe kaSimeon Platotsk - isazi sefilosofi, isazi semfundiso yenkolo, imbongi kanye ne-playwight, edume ngolwazi lwendawo yonke.
Ngaphansi kobuholi bakhe, indlalifa yafunda iPolish, isiGridi sasendulo nesiLatini, sahumusha amaHubo futhi senza izinkondlo. Futhi waba nesithakazelo emculweni nasekuhlabelweni. UFedor Alekseevich umqhele ngo-1676, lapho eneminyaka engu-16 ubudala. Umshado womshado wenzeka eKremlin, ethembeni lokucabanga. Kwakudingeka ukuthi kusheshele ngenxa yokufa okuzinzile kukababa - u-Alexey Mikhailovich.
Ukuqala kwebhodi
Izinyanga zokuqala zokubusa kweNkosi encane zaphawulwa yisifo esindayo sikaFyodor Aleksevich. Ubuye waphatha isimo senzalamizi ioakim, ephakathi i-boyarin artron matvevev kanye neVoevod Ivan Miloslavsky. Kepha maphakathi no-1676, iRomanov yathola futhi yathumela izandla ukuthi ingene ezandleni zayo umata.
UFodor Aleksevich ngemuva kweminyaka emibili yokuqala yeBhodi waqeda isimemezelo sikaYise ngobunzima obungakhululeki, etholwe kwinkonzo ngokucophelela. Ngo-1678 okufanayo kwathatha ukubalwa kwabantu kwabantu, kwathi ngonyaka wabeka intela yakhe eqondile, eyayikhokhelwa imali engenayo kuleyo ndawo. Kamuva, umfowabo omncane uPeter the Great wangena emcameni. Intela esungulwe nguFoodOr Alekseevich yagcwalisa imali yemali ngemali, kodwa yaphakamisa iRopot yama-serfs, ayinelisekile ngengcindezelo eqinisiwe.
Inkosi, ukulingisa ababusi baseNtshonalanga Yurophu, isivimbele ubulungu bayo futhi ithambekele ezincomo ezithambile zobugebengu. Umzamo wawuphumelele ngokwengxenye. Emingcele eseningizimu yezwe (insimu yasendle) FODOR ALEKSEEVICH E-AWADWA UKUZE UQEQESHE. Kwasiza izicukuthwane ukukhulisa izifunda nokwandisa ubunikazi bomhlaba. Inkosi yalungiselela ukuguqulwa kwesifundazwe okwethulwe umlandeli wakhe, isungula ukuphathwa okujwayelekile kombusi kanye nalo.
Izazi-mlando zibizwa nge-main yangaphakathi yezepolitiki ye-Fyodor Aleksevich, ukuqedwa kwesihlalo esiphuthumayo "se-Zemsky Cathedral. Ngokusho kwale mithetho engasasebenzi, umuntu wathola isilevu esabhalelana nendawo yokusebenzela ubaba. Isimo esinjalo sezinto asizange sinikezele ngempumelelo ukuthuthukisa umbuso, ukubopha ukukhushulwa kwakhe phambili.
Izincwadi zokukhishwa lapho uhlu lwezikhala lwaluzimisele ngalo, ngokuhleleka kwenkosi eshisiwe, kwethula izincwadi ze-pedigree esikhundleni salokho. Bangenela amagama abantu baseRussia, ngaphandle kokukhombisa izindawo eDuma. UFedor Aleksevich, owathola imfundo yezwe, wasusa isonto ekuphazanyisweni kwezindaba zomphakathi, wandisa iqoqo ezivela ezifundazweni zesonto. Ngokushesha, uPetru waqeda inqubo yaqala ngumfowabo ngokuqeda inzalamizi.
Ipolitiki
UFyodor Aleksevich Romanov wathuthela enkabeni yokudonsela phansi izinqumo zombuso eDuma, wandisa inani lamalungu ukusuka ku-66 kuye kwangama-99 Ukubusa komuntu owandulelayo kukhulu kwaphawulwa ukwakhiwa kwamathempeli ePalace Temples, amakamelo kanye nemiyalo, ngaphansi kwezikhungo zeKremlin zabeka uhlelo lokuqala lokuthuthwa kwendle.
Enhlokodolobha, i-oda, ukubhala emadolobheni nasezindabeni zezindela zabahlengikazi kanye nezimfutho. Kuze kube yiminyaka engama-20, basebenza ngaphansi kwezindela, bafunda ubuciko, kwathi kubantu abasha abangama-20 abhalwe phansi emsebenzini noma ophethe (umsebenzi osetshenzisiwe). UFyodor Aleksevich akazange abe nesikhathi, njengoba ehlelile, ukwakha amabanga ukuqeqesha ubuciko bezingane zasemgwaqweni.
Izinhloso zemfundo zenkosi zazifakwa esimemweni sososayensi bakwamanye amazwe nothisha enhlokodolobha. Ekuqaleni kwama-1680s, i-monarch yathuthukisa okusalungiswa kwe-academy yokuqala, kepha uPyotr Aleksevich wakwazi ukuguqula iminyaka engu-6 ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-6. Izinguquko zikaFedOr Alekseevich zahlangabezana nokwenqatshwa kwezindawo ezahlukahlukene kanye nokuphikisana nomphakathi ezandayo. Ngo-1682 kwaba khona ukuvukelwa kokudubula eMoscow.
Inqubomgomo yakwamanye amazwe yeMonarch ingumzamo wokubuyisa uMbuso eLwandle lweBaltic, okuyinto yaseRussia elahlekile ngesikhathi seMpi yeLivonia. UFyodor Aleksevich wakhokha ukufunda nokufana kwamabutho anaka kakhulu kunoyise. Ukuvula "umsebenzi weBaltic" wavimbela amaTurkey kanye namaTrans Crimean aphakamisa imingcele eseningizimu yeRussia. Ngakho-ke, okuzenzakalelayo kusuka kuhlobo lweRomanov ngo-1676 kwaqala impi yaseRussia - yaseTurkey, eyaphothulwa ngempumelelo kwiSivumelwano Sokuthula Se-1681 eBakhchisara.
Ngaphansi kwemibandela yenkontileka, iRussia ebumbene nge-Ukraine yesobunxele. Ngokuhleleka kwenkosi eningizimu yeRussia, ukumiswa komugqa wama-400 Versts kwavela, kwahlanganiswa yiSlobodskaya Ukraine kusuka ekuhlaselweni kwamaTurko-Tatar. Kamuva, umugqa wokuvikela uqhubeke, uxhuma nge-belgorod molar line.
Izinguquko ezinkulu ze-FoodOr Alekseevich zinikele ukubusa eminyakeni emithathu edlule. Ngemuva kokumisa ukuhlushwa kwangezikhathi zakudala ngamacala obugebengu, waphakamisa isimo esigabeni esisha sempucuko. Intela iye yashintsha izinguquko, ukushaja imali ekhokhiswayo.
I-Tsar FODOR Aleksevich, ukuba ngumuntu ofundile, yema emgaqweni wokudala isikole se-typographic School, ebizwa ngokuthi yinduna yeSlavic-Greco-Latin Academy. IRomanov yaqala ukwethulwa kwesigameko esifundeni sezikhundla (Petru Okokuqala kwaqeda ukuguqulwa ngokwazisa ithuba lezikhundla) futhi wahlukanisa amandla empi nezempi. UFyodor Aleksevich wathuthukisa iphrojekthi yezempi e-Academy, kepha akazange akwazi ukusebenzisa.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Izintandokazi FODOR ALEKSEEVICH Eminyakeni yokuqala yeBhodi zaziphumeleli, kodwa izilimi ezimile zokulala ze-Ivan kanye neStolnik Alexey Lickachev. Badlale impilo yenkosi yomuntu siqu njengendima enkulu, yethula iRomanov nentombazane ayibonile, ebamba iqhaza ekuhambeni kwesiphambano. Izilimi noLichachev zithole ukuthi igama elihle lingu-Agafia Grusbetsky. UDecha Zaborovsky, Guardian Agafia, wayala ukuthi anganikezi intombazane ukuba ishade futhi ilinde isimemezelo.
Ehlobo lika-1680, uFedor Aleksevich no-Agafya Grusbetsky bathweswa umqhele, kepha umshado wawubuthana: Unkosikazi wafa ngokuzalwa, enika umfazi wendlalifa kaFyodor. Ngokushesha usana olusanda kuzalwa lwafa. UTsaritsa uthi ngethuba elizuzisayo umyeni wakhe: Ngesicelo sakhe, inkosi yenza izikhulu zinqume futhi aphuce intshebe, egqoke iKabsi yasePoland neSabli. Kuvele izikole lapho izingane zifundiswa khona ngesiPolish naseLatin.
Kwinkosi ekhulunyiwe ekhululiwe, eyancishwa indlalifa, yathola ngokushesha umakoti. Bathonywe ngezilimi ezifanayo noLichachev. UFyodor Aleksevich wathatha umka-Marfrin, kepha umshado wathatha izinyanga ezimbili.
Ukushona
Inkosi yafa ngomhlaka minyaka engama-21 yokuphila entwasahlobo yango-1682, futhi ingashiyi indlalifa esihlalweni sobukhosi.
UFedor Romanova ungcwatshwe eMoscow Kremlin, e-Arkhangelsk Cathedral. Amakhosi amenyezelwa nguMfoweth 'uFyodor Aleksevich - u-Uni-uthengise u-Ivan noMatherland Peter.