I-Biograge
I-Little ezweni labantu abangazi, ngalokho okufanele uMikhail IllarionOvich kwathola amaLaurel of Honor. Le Herbebroma inselele inselelo ehlukahlukene hhayi kuphela u-Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, kodwa futhi noDerzhavin, zhukovsky kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezincwadi. I-FeldMarshal, njengokube inesipho sokwabona kusengaphambili, yanqoba ukunqoba okuchobozekile empini yaseBorodino, lapho ibopha umbuso waseRussia ngezinhlelo zika-Bonaparte zikaNapoleon.Ubuntwana nentsha
5 (16) ngoSepthemba 1747 enhlokodolobha yamasiko eRussia, idolobha laseSt. I-Illarion Materevevich Glenchev-Kutuzov kanye nomkakhe u-Anna Illarionna, okuthi, ngokwezinhlobo zemithi UCaptain wokuzalwa (kolunye ulwazi - okhokho bowesifazane kwakukhona izicukuthwane ze-beklemishev), indodana egama linguMikhail yazalwa.
Kodwa-ke, umbono umbono wokuthi amaLieutenant ayenamadodana amabili. Inzalo yesibili yabizwa ngokuthi isidoda, kusolwa ukuthi ikwazile ukuthola isihloko esikhulu, kepha ngenxa yokuthi isizathu sasilahlekile, kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo yakhe bekunakekelwa ngabazali bakhe. Ukucabanga okunjalo kososayensi okwenziwe ngenxa yencwadi eyabhalwa uMikhail isithandwa sakhe ngo-1804. Kulombhalo wesandla, uFeldMarshal wathi emtholile esimweni sakhe sangaphambili ngokufika kumfowabo.
"Ngikhulume kakhulu ngepayipi ngicele ukuthi ngizisuse ngakususa, lapho eqala ukusho ukuthi kwakungekho mbhobho," kusho uMikhail Illrianovich nomkakhe.Uyise wenhlanganyelo enkulu, eyayingumngane u-Alexander Vasilylyevichech Suvorov, waqala umsebenzi wakhe noPetru omkhulu. Ngemuva kokuthola iziqu esikhungweni sobunjiniyela bezempi, saqala ukukhonza emabuthweni onjiniyela. Ngomqondo okhethekile kanye nokwehla kwabezikhathi ngezikhathi ezibizwa ngokuthi yi-Illarion Materevenich Khojachi Encyclopedia noma "incwadi enengqondo."
Vele, umzali kaFeldmarshal wenza umnikelo ekwakhiweni koMbuso WaseRussia. Ukwenza isibonelo, e-Elizabeth, ePetrovna, kutuzov-ophakeme kwakha ukwakheka kweCatherine Canal, manje okubizwa ngokuthi yiGriboyedov Channel.
Ngenxa yephrojekthi ye-Illarion Materetevisich, imiphumela yavinjelwa lapho umfula iNeva uchitheka. Umqondo kaKutuzov wenziwa kumakha ekubuseni kukaCatherine II. Njengomvuzo, uyise kaMikhail Illaarionovich wathola iGolide Ugwayi Groove, ehlotshiswe ngamagugu.
Futhi i-Illarion Materevevisich yabamba iqhaza empini yaseTurkey, eyaqhubeka kusukela ngo-1768 kuya ku-1774. Kusukela emabuthweni aseRussia kwayala u-Alexander Suvorov kanye nomphathi ukubala uPeter Rumyantvev. Kuyafaneleka ukusho ukuthi uKutuzov-Senior wazihlukanisa enkundleni yempi futhi wazuza idumela lomuntu onolwazi ngazo zombili lezi zempi nezombumbano.
Abazali beMikhail Kutuzov esinqunyelwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ngoba ngemuva kokuba le nsizwa ethweswe iziqu ekhaya, ngo-1759 yathunyelwa ezintabeni zobuciko kanye nobunjiniyela benhle, lapho akhombisa khona amakhono angathandeki futhi athuthuka ngokushesha ngokusebenzisa izitebhisi zomsebenzi. Kodwa-ke, akudingekile ukukhipha izinkathazo zikaYise, owafundisa isayensi ye-artillery kulesi sikhungo.
Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kusukela ngo-1758 kulesi sikole esihle, manje esigqoke igama lesikhungo sezempi. A.F. UMozhaySky, ofundiswe ku-Physics Scientist-Encyclopedist Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi i-Kutuzov enethalente iye yaphothula i-academy of Etostonic: insizwa ngiyabonga emqondweni ongavamile waholela ebhentshini lesikole ngonyaka nesigamu esikhundleni seminyaka emithathu.
Umbutho wezempi
NgoFebhuwari 1761, insimu yesikhathi esizayo iMarshal iwine isitifiketi sokuvuthwa, kepha yahlala ezindongeni zesikole, ngoba uMikhail (ngesikhundla se-Engineer-Ensign) kwiseluleko sokubalwa kwe-Schivalvov saqala ukufundisa abafundi be-Mathematics. Ngokulandelayo, le nsizwa efanele yaba umthambekeli we-Duke kaPeter Augustus Golstein-Beksky, waphatha ihhovisi lakhe futhi wazibonakalisa njengomsebenzi wokukhumula. Kwathi ngo-1762, uMikhail Illrianovich washiya isikhundla sikakaputeni.
Ngawo lowo nyaka, uKutuzov wasondelana noSuvorov, ngoba waqokwa ukuba ngumphathi wenhlanganisela ye-Astrakhan 12 Grenadier refund, okuyalwa ngu-Alexander Vasilyevier ngaleso sikhathi. By the way, Peter Ivanovich Bagration, Prokokii Vasilyevich Meshchersky, Pavl ArteryYevich Levashev nabanye obuntu abadumile bakhonzwa kuleli qembu.
Ngo-1764, uMikhail IllarionOVich kutuzov wayesePoland futhi wayala amabutho amancane ngokumelene ne-bark Confederation, okwathi, aphikisane nokwakhiwa kweNkosi yasePoland uStanislav ka-Augustus, umsekeli woMbuso WaseRussia. Ngenxa yethalente laso lokuzalwa, uKutuzov udala amasu anqobayo, wenza amamashi asheshayo futhi wawina amaphoyisa, naphezu kwebutho elimbalwa, liphansi kwesitha.
Eminyakeni emithathu kamuva, ngo-1767, kutuzov wasukuma ezikhundleni zeKhomishini elungiselelwe amadiphozithi amasha - Umzimba wesikhashana we-Russia, owayebandakanyeka ekuthuthukisweni kwamalungiselelo okuba amalungiselelo okuba yindawo Ngemuva kokutholwa yiNkosi u-Alethei Mikhailovich Cathedral Cathedral (1649). Ngokunokwenzeka, uMikhail IllaarionOVich wakhangwa iBhodi njengomhumushi kanobhala, ngoba uphatheke kahle isiFulentshi nesiJalimane, futhi futhi sakhuluma ngesiLatini ngokukhululeka.
Izimpi zaseRussia-Turkish 1768-1774 - Ingqophamlando ebalulekile ku-bikhail illrianovich. Ngenxa yengxabano phakathi kwemibuso yaseRussia neyakwa-Ottoman, uKutuzov wathola isipiliyoni sokulwa futhi wazibonakalisa njengomholi wezempi ovelele. NgoJulayi 1774, indodana kaBurarion Materevesich, umkhuzi wenhlangano yakhelwe ukuhlukunyezwa kwezithambisi zezitha, wathola inxeba lokulwa empini yokulwa nokufika kweTurkey eCrimea, kodwa kwahlala kuphila. Iqiniso ngukuthi inhlamvu yesitha yashayisa ithempeli lesobunxele le-Commander yafinyelela esweni elinembile.
Ngenhlanhla, umbono kaKutuzov wagcinwa, kepha iso "elifafaziwe" lakhunjuzwa ngensimu yemikhumbi ngemicimbi enegazi yokusebenza kwamabutho ama-Ottoman nemikhumbi. Ekwindla ka-1784, uMikhail IllarionOVich wanikezwa isihloko sokuqala samasosha esivamile, futhi wazehlukanisa eKinburn Batlia (1787), i-Izmail's yathathwa (1790, lapho ngithole khona isikhundla sezempi sikaGeneral General futhi sahlonishwa yiso Ukuhleleka kukaGeorge 2-C), kwabonisa isibindi empini yaseRussia-Poling (1792), impi noNapoleon (1805) nezinye izimpi.
Impi yango-1812.
I-Genius yezincwadi zaseRussia uLev Nikoleyevich Tolstoy ayikwazanga ukudlula ezenzakalweni ezinegazi zango-1812, ezashiya uMarku emlandweni futhi zashintsha isiphetho samazwe ahlanganyelayo empini yamazwe - eFrance kanye noMbuso WaseRussia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, empini yakhe yaseRoma-epic ", umlobi wale ncwadi wazama ukuchaza izimpi ezimbili kanye nesithombe somholi wabantu - uMikhail Illrarionovich, ubani emsebenzini owanakekela amasosha, njengokungathi ingane.
Izizathu zokuxabana kwamandla amabili aqala ukwenqaba uMbuso WaseRussia ukuze alondoloze ukuvimba kwezwekazi laseGreat Britain, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umhlaba we-Tilzite waphethwa phakathi kuka-Alexander I no-Pawula engifanele ukujoyina ibhulocade. Le nkontileka yayingathandeki eRussia, okufanele ngabe ilahliwe umlingani webhizinisi eliyinhloko.
Ngesikhathi sempi, uMikhail Illrianovich Kutuzov waqokwa amabutho namasosha aseRussia, futhi ngenxa yokuvumelana kwakhe unikeze isihloko senkosana egqamile, ngoba uKutuzov uthole idumela njengoba hhayi umphathi olahlekelwe. Kodwa-ke, uMikhail IllarionOvich ngokwakhe akazange akholelwe ekunqobeni okuhle futhi wake washo ukuthi ibutho likaNapoleon lizokwazi ukuzuza kuphela ngosizo lwenkohliso.
Ekuqaleni, uMikhail IllaarionOVich, kanye nokwandulela i-barclay de tolly, wakhetha inqubomgomo yokubuyisela emuva, ngethemba lokuqeda isitha nokwamukela ukwesekwa. Kepha u-Alexander Alena anelisekile ngecebo le-Kutuzov futhi wagcizelela ukuthi amabutho kaNapoleon awafikanga enhlokodolobha. Ngakho-ke, uMikhail Illrianovich kwadingeka anikeze impi ejwayelekile. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi amaFulentshi adlula amabutho akwa-Kutuzov ukuze athole izinombolo kanye ne-armament-marshal ekwazile ukunqoba uNapoleon empini yeBorodino empini yango-1812.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngokusho kwamahemuhemu, umphathi wokuqala wesithandwa usephenduke i-Ulsandrovich ethile, eyenzeka esuka engxenyeni yohlobo lwe-malorossiy noblen ivan alexandrovich. UKutuzov wajwayelana nalo mndeni, eyinsizwa eyaziwayo egqoke isihloko esincane.
UMikhail waqala ukuvakashela u-Ivan ilich endaweni epholile kakhulu futhi ngolunye usuku wayefana nendodakazi yomngane, owaphendula uzwelana. UMikhail no-Ulyana baqala ukuhlangana, kodwa abathandi abazange batshele okunamathiselwe kwabo kubazali. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngesikhathi sobudlelwano babo, le ntombazane yagula ngesifo esiyingozi, lapho kungazange kusize umuthi.
Umama onesifiso sika-Ulyana wafunga ukuthi uma indodakazi yakhe ilulama, nakanjani izokhokhela insindiso yakhe - akasoze ashade. Ngakho-ke, umzali obeka isiphetho sentombazane i-ultimatum, eyala ubuhle kumqhele wokungafanele. U-Ulyana walulama, kepha uthando lwakhe lwe-Kutuzov lukhuphuke kuphela, kusho ukuthi abantu abasha baze babeka usuku lomshado.
Kodwa-ke, ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi komgubho, le ntombazane yagula ngentando yaNkulunkulu futhi, yesaba intando kaNkulunkulu, yamenqaba isithandwa sayo. UKutuzov akasasebenzi ezinganeni zomshado: Imigwaqo yabathandi yahlukaniswa. Kepha le ndaba ithi u-Alexandrovich akazange ayikhohlwe uMikhail Illarionovich futhi wamthandazela kuze kube sekupheleni kweminyaka yakhe.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngo-1778, uMikhail Kutuzov wenza isiphakamiso sezandla nezinhliziyo nguCatherine Illinichna Bibikova futhi intombazane yaphendula imvume. Kwazalwa izingane eziyisithupha emshadweni, kepha amazibulo uNikolai afa ebuntwaneni evela engxibongo.
I-Ekaterina izithanda izincwadi, izinkundla zeshashalazi nemicimbi yezwe. Othandekayo ka-Cutuzov owawusebenzisa imali eningi kunalokho ayengakwazi ukukhokhela, ngakho wakuthola kaningi ukuphindisela emyeni wakhe. Futhi, le ntokazi yayingokoqobo kakhulu, abantu bephila bathi ekugugeni, uCatherine Illininike wayegqoke njengentokazi.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngomkakhe uKutuzov ukwazile ukubona i-vanya Turnegench encane - ngokuzayo umlobi omkhulu, owasungula i-bazarov yamaqhawe. Kepha ngenxa yengubo yakhe ye-eccentric, le ntokazi esekhulile, phambi kwayo abazali bakaTurgenv ababeyizibani, bamhlaba umfana. UVanya, hhayi ukumelana nemizwa, uthe:
"Ufana kakhulu nenkawu."Ukushona
Ngo-Ephreli 1813, uMikhail Illrianovich wayebanda futhi eza esibhedlela edolobheni laseBunzlau. Ngokwe-legend, u-Alexander ngafika esibhedlela, ukuze athi okuhle kwinsimu, kepha ososayensi baphikile lolu lwazi. UMikhail IllarionOVich ushone 16 (28) ka-Ephreli 1813. Ngemuva kwesigameko esibuhlungu, isidumbu sikaFeldmarshal sasikhathazekile futhi sathunyelwa edolobheni eNeva. Umngcwabo wenzeka kuphela 13 (25) Juni. Ithuna lenhlanganyelo enkulu litholakala eKazan Cathedral, elisedolobheni laseSt. Petersburg.
Ngokukhumbula i-warlord enethalente, kwasuswa ubuciko kanye nemibhalo, kwalethwa izikhumbuzo emadolobheni amaningi aseRussia, kanye negama elithi Kutuzov elibizwa ngeCruiser nomkhumbi wezimoto. Phakathi kokunye, eMoscow yi-Kutuzov Izba Museum, enikezelwe emkhandlwini wamasosha kumaFaliers 1 (13) kaSepthemba 1812.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
- Ngo-1788, uKutuzov wabamba iqhaza esivunguvungwini se-Ochal, lapho alimale khona. Kodwa-ke, uMikhail IllarionOVich wakwazi ukukhohlisa ukufa, ngoba inhlamvu yadlula endala. Ngakho-ke, emva konyaka, umphathi oqinisiwe walwa ngaphansi komuzi waseMoldova waseKaushani, kwathi ngo-1790 wakhombisa isibindi nesibindi esivunguvungwini sezmail.
- UKutuzov wayeyisithandwa esithandekayo uPlaton Zudov, kodwa, ukuba ngumngane womuntu onethonya kakhulu eMbusweni waseRussia (ngemuva kweCatherine II), insimu iMashal kwadingeka ukuthi isebenze. UMikhail IllarionOVich wavusa ihora ngaphambi kokuvuka kukaPlato Aleksandrovich, ikofi ephekiwe futhi waveza lesi siphuzo esimnandi ekufiphele.
- Abanye bajwayele ukumela ukubukeka kokweqa nge-bandage esweni lokunene. Kepha isiqinisekiso esisemthethweni sokuthi uMikhail IllarionOVich wayegqoka lo mfazi, noma ngabe leli bheli lilindelwe kanjani. Izinhlangano ezine-pirate zivelele kubathandi bomlando ngemuva kokukhishwa kwefilimu yaseSoviet Petrova "Kutuzov" (1943), lapho umkhuzi avele khona emholweni onjalo, lapho sasivame ukumbona khona.
- Ngo-1772, kwenzeke umcimbi obalulekile e-Biography of Commander. Ukuba phakathi kwabangane, uMikhail Kutuzov oneminyaka engama-25 wavumela ihlaya elinesibindi: wadlala indawo ethuthukisiwe, lapho umkhuzi kaPeter Alexandrovich Rumyantve waphikiswa. Ngaphansi kwe-Universal Gogot Kutuzov ikhombisa i-gait youzazo futhi waze wazama ukukopisha izwi lakhe, kepha uRumyantve uqobo akazange akwazise ukuhlekisa futhi wathumela i-fighter encane kwelinye umyalo ngaphansi komyalo wePrince Volgorukova.
Ukukhumbula
- 1941 - "I-Coltonian Kutuzov", M. Bragin
- Ngo-1943 - Kutuzov, v.m. Ipilov
- 1978 - "Kutuzov", P.A. Zhilin
- 2003 - "Feldmarshal Kutuzov. Izinganekwane Namaqiniso, N.A. I-TROISTKY
- 2003 - "Inkazimulo Yezinyoni", S.P. Alekseev
- Ngo-2008 - "Unyaka we-1812. Imibhalo Emibhalo", S.N. Ischul
- 2011 - "Kutuzov", Leonty Rakovsky
- 2011 - "Kutuzov", Oleg Mikhailov