I-Biograge
Namuhla, inkinga yokukhetha abantu abasha bomsebenzi wayo kwesikhathi esizayo iyasebenza. Imvamisa ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezinhlelo zekusasa, amathalente, izinto zokuzilibazisa noma ngenxa yokungazi kwesiqubulo, iziqu zezikole zifika eyunivesithi eseduzane, eyunivesithi, lapho abazali bathumela khona, noma abangani babo, abangabangani bawo. Ngakho-ke ngemuva kweminyaka emi-5 yokuhlala amabhulukwe emibhangqwaneni ukuze isebenze hhayi ngokukhethekile.
Kepha kubi ngempela? Ngemuva kwakho konke, kunezibonelo emlandweni womhlaba lapho efunda ngokukhethekile, umuntu wafuna imiphumela ebalulekile kwenye insimu. Thatha, ngokwesibonelo, u-Evgeny Schwartz ...
Ubuntwana nentsha
Umlobi wesikhathi esizayo kanye ne-playwight wazalwa ngo-Okthoba 9, 1896. Kwenzeka eKazan. Abazali be-zhenium encane kwakungudokotela: uBaba Lion Borisovich - udokotela ohlinzayo, noMariya Fedororovna umama kaMariya - umbelethisi. Ngokusho komugqa kababa, umfana wayenezimpande zamaJuda, alahla kuzo eziyisikhombisa aneminyaka eyisikhombisa, ngemuva kokubhapathizwa esontweni lama-Orthodox.
Ngemuva kokuboshwa kwebhubesi iBorisovich ngonyaka we-1898, izinsolo zemisebenzi yokuguqula eyimfihlo, lo mndeni washushiswa, ngenxa yokuthi iSchwarz yafanele isuswe endaweni ethile iye kwenye.
Njengoba esekwimithi, i-armavir, eRyazan (kubazali bakaMariya Fedororovna) nase-Akhytyri, umndeni wamisa eMaykop (manje eyinhloko-dolobha yeRiphabhulikhi yase-Adygea), lapho kwenziwa khona ubuntwana nentsha yaseZhenya. Ngo-1902, kwazalwa umfowabo omncane kaValentine ngonyaka we-1902.
Ngemuva kwesikole, umfana ungena esikoleni sendawo. Njengoba bethweswe iziqu kuye ngo-1913, u-Eugene uya eyunivesithi yabantu baseMoscow aqanjwe ngo-Alfons Leonovich Shanyahavsky (manje - isiRussia State Humanitarian University).
Ngokwemiyalo yabazali, ubuhlakani bomthetho bungena, kamuva lihunyushelwa eJurfak yeNyuvesi yaseMoscow State ebizwa ngeMikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov. Ngalesi sikhathi, umndeni wakhe ushukumisela e-Ekaterinodar (manje - Krasnodar).
Ukudluliswa kwekwindla ka-1916 kungena embuthweni wezempi, kwathi entwasahlobo yonyaka olandelayo wathunyelwa kusuka kuTsaritsyno (manje - vorograd) ebuyela eMoscow ukuyofunda esikoleni samasosha. Ngawo lowo nyaka, isihloko sikaJuncker sithola kuqala, nangemva kwalokhu - i-Ensign.
Ngo-1918 wafika ezihlotsheni zakhe e-Ekaterinodar, lapho kamuva kwaholela khona ebuthweni lokuzithandela. Kwaba nokubamba iqhaza emkhankasweni wayo wokuqala weKuban ngaphansi kobuholi bakaLieutenant General Viktor Leonidovich Pokrovsky, futhi futhi wabamba nokuvikela i-Ekaterinodar ngoMashi onyakeni owodwa. Kwadingwa ukuthi ukuzamazama okukhanyayo kwezandla zakhe kwesokunxele njengesikhumbuzo, kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva ngenxa yokuvuselelwa okuqinile.
Ngemuva kokululama esibhedlela sezempi, u-Eugene wadideka. Ayifuni ukusebenza ku-Skwartz ekhethekile, ngakho-ke kuya eRoostov University, ngokuhambisana "nokusebenzelana kweshashalazi", kumlingisi wawo oshada ngo-1920.
Ngakho-ke, njengoba ngokuya ngokwengeziwe, ngo-1921, iSchwartz, kanye nomkakhe ne-The The Troupe, kuthuthela ePetrograd (ST. Petersburg). U-Evgeny uyaqhubeka nokudlala izindima ze-Episodic emikhiqizweni. Ukuze uphile okuphi, kuhlelwe ukusebenza kuqala esitolo sezincwadi, kwathi ngemuva - unobhala we-Kornea Chukovsky.
Into yokufunda
Ngokubhala ngokuzimela, iSchwartz iqala eminyakeni emibili kuphela kamuva. Ngaphansi kwe-pseudonym, umkhulu usimemezele fakeno ku-kochegar yaseRussia. Ehlobo lonyaka ofanayo, umshicileli uyithumela kuBakhmut ukudlulisa i-Internship endlini yokushicilela yohlelo lokusebenza lwe- "Kochegarka" - amaphephandaba "Zaboy".
Ukubuyela ePetrograd, u-Eugene ubhala futhi ashicilele umsebenzi wayo wokuqala wezingane "zendaba ye-Balayaki endala" (ngoJulayi isibalo sika-Almanach "Sparrow" ngo-1924). Le ndaba isho uSamuel Marshak futhi ngo-1924 imemezela umbhali ukuthi asebenze ehhovisi lezingane le "Gosizdata" njengomhleli. Ababhali ababenethuba lokusebenzisana noSchwarz ngalesi sikhathi, bazithola ngalolu hlelo, baphikisana ngokuthi u-Evgeny Lvovich wenza amazwana abalulekile futhi wanikeza izeluleko ezibalulekile.
Ngasikhathi sinye, othile ovela kubabhali abasebasha uphakamisa iSchwartz ukufaka umphakathi we-Oberai obhaliwe, osebenzisana namagazini wezingane ake "Chizh" ne "Hedgehog". U-Evgeny Lvovich unyathelisa izindaba zakhe, izinganekwane, kanye nezinye izinkondlo.
Ngo-1928, ubhala umdlandla wakhe wokuqala, okuthi "underwood". Ngemuva konyaka, usefakiwe yi-Leningrad Theatre yesibukeli esisha. Ngawo lowo nyaka, umlobi ingane yakhe okuwukuphela kwakhe izalwa - indodakazi kaNatasha. Lapho intombazane imaka izinyanga ezimbili, u-Evgeny ushiya umndeni ukuba ushade futhi.
Kusukela ngo-1930 nangaphambi kokuqala kwempi enkulu yokuthanda izwe, iSchwartz isebenza izithelo kakhulu. Ngo-1931 ubhala umbhalo wefilimu "yezentengiselwano 717". Ngonyaka olandelayo ushicilela "ama-trifles". Ngo-1934, omunye wenkosazana kanye nengulube ethi, "Inkosi Enqunu" kanye "nomcebo", kanye nombhalo wefilimu "uvuse i-lenochka" Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-1934, iSchwartz iba yilungu leNhlangano Yabalobi be-USSR. Ngo-1936 - Ucezu "olubomvu" kanye nemibhalo "Lenochka kanye namagilebhisi" kanye "eholidini".
Ngonyaka olandelayo, inganekwane "ye-adventures entsha yekati emabhuthini" ivela ephephabhukwini. Ngo-1939, uSchwartz ubhala umdlalo "weNdlovukazi yeqhwa", ngo-1966 bayobeka ifilimu, futhi "idolobha lezilwane". Ngonyaka olandelayo, u-Evgeny Lvovich unezela "isithunzi" sokudlala, okwaba yingxenye yesibili ye-trilogy yamaphayi-amapheshana, okubandakanya ne- "Dragon King" (1942-1943). Ngo-1971 nango-1991, isithunzi sesithunzi simane nje sivele. Ngo-1940, uYise womlobi uyafa.
Imisebenzi yokugcina yaphambi kwempi yaseSchwartz iba "inganekwane yesikhathi esilahlekile", "abafowethu ababili" kanye ne-anti-fassist play-pamphlet "pamphlet" eduzane neLipami Berlin. " Ngesikhathi sempi, umbhali uhlala e-leningrad ye-blockade, esebenza esikhungweni somsakazo. Ngo-1941, wadedelwa eKirov, lapho kuhlelwa khona ukuthi asebenzele eshashalazini lendawo. Ngo-1942, ngemuva kokukhipha uLeningrad Tyuz, wathuthela eStalinabad (manje - Dushanbe, inhloko-dolobha yaseTajikistan). ;
Lapho, u-Evgeny Lvovich ubhala imidlalo "yomaphethele" futhi "ngobunye ubusuku" anikezele ukukhipha izingane nabavikeli beLeningrad, ngokulandelana. Ngokufanayo ngo-1942 uyafa umama wakhe. Ngemuva kweminyaka emibili, umbhali uqhubekela eMoscow, lapho "udrako" edlala futhi avuselela ukubambisana nabaqondisi beshashalazi ne-cinema. Ngo-1945, ikhathuni "Inganekwane ebusika", yahlungwa ngumbhalo wayo, futhi inganekwane "i-wizard ehlakazekile" iyaphrinta.
Ngo-1947, ifilimu leCult "Cinderella", lidutshulwe eSchwartz lidlala ngegama elifanayo. Izindima eziyinhloko kule filimu zenziwa nguJanina Jaimo, Vasily Merceryv, Faina Ranevskaya, u-Erast Garin no-Alexey Kosonvsky. I-Filmnovka yaba nempumelelo ezweni lakubo, nakwamanye amazwe. Ngo-1948 kunendaba kaSchwartz "okokuqala i-grader", esephenduke isisekelo sefilimu legama elifanayo.
Ngo-1953, uStalin uyafa, okwakwenqabela ukushicilela imisebenzi yeSchwartz. Ngenxa yemizamo ka-Olga Berglts, lokhu kuvinjelwa kuyasuswa. Ukuhlanganiswa kombhali wokuqala kufika ekujikelezweni.
Ngo-1956, umlobi uthola isihloko se-Cavaller uku-oda kwesibhengezo esibomvu sabasebenzi (ngaphambi kwalokho, iSchwartz yanikezwa izindondo "zokuvikela i-Leningrad" kanye "nokuqashwa kwempi yezwe lesibili". Ngasikhathi sinye, uqeda umsebenzi "esimangaliso esivamile" esidume kakhulu. Ngemuva konyaka, uhlobo lwesikrini se- "Don Quixote" Dlala.
Singabonakala ngesisekelo semisebenzi ngu-Evgeny Schwartz eshashalazini yaseMoscow naseLeningrad yesibukeli esincane, eSt Petersburg Theatre Theatre, eMoscow State Actre Theatre, eTheatte "esesikhathini esikhona "Futhi" Katale Katayetha ", eSt Petersburg Theatre" Imvula "ne-Moscow Drama Theatre ebizwa ngeKonstantin Sergeevich Stanislavsky. Ukuhlolwa kwemisebenzi yombhali kuhamba zombili ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe nangemva kokufa kweSchwartz. Ngo-1989, "kushicilelwa ama-diaries" womlobi.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
U-Evgeny Lvovich wayeshade kabili. Unkosikazi wokuqala waba umlingisi uGayane Kholodova (1898-1983). USchwartz wajwayelana naye ngesikhathi somsebenzi eRostov "Theatre Workshop." Bashada ngo-1920.
Ngemuva konyaka, lo mbhangqwana wathuthela ePetrograd, lapho kuzalwa khona ngo-1929 endodakazini yendodakazi uNatalia. Ngawo lowo nyaka, uSchwartz uphonsa umndeni ukuba ashade nomunye umuntu wesifazane. KuGayane, kuba yisimanga sangempela.
Unkosikazi wesibili kaJevgeny Schwartz uba yi-Ekaterina Ivanovna Opukh (1902-1988). Naye, umbhali uhlangana nakwesinye nje kusihlwa sika-1927, ahlelwe kumngane womngane ku-Ober. Ukuze ushade neSchwartz, uCatherine uphinde ashiye umndeni.
Ngo-Catherine Ivanovna evgeny, uLvovich uphila kuze kube sekufeni, kodwa kuyakujabulela ukubiza lo mshado, iSchwartz mayelana nangokomkakhe, eyayinomthelela omubi empilweni yakhe.
Ukushona
Umlobi kanye nombhali bafa ngoJanuwari 15, 1958. Isizathu esemthethweni ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo okuye kwaba nomphumela wokuhluleka kwenhliziyo, okwakuhlukumeza iSchwartz eminyakeni yamuva yokuphila.
Wangcwatshwa eLeningrad e-Bogoslav Cemetery.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1924 - "Indaba yeBalalaika yakudala"
- 1928 - "Underwood"
- 1931 - "Izentengiso 717"
- Ngo-1932 - "I-VIVE"
- Ngo-1934 - "Princess noSvinas"
- Ngo-1934 - "King King"
- Ngo-1936 - "eholidini"
- Ngo-1938 - "UDkt Aibolit"
- 1940 - "Isithunzi"
- 1940 - "I-Tale of the Lost Time"
- 1943 - "Dragon"
- Ngo-1947 - "cinderella"
- 1956 - "Isimangaliso Esijwayelekile"
- 1957 - "UDon Quixote"