I-Biograge
Kukangaki abafundi bakhumbula umbhali oyedwa kuphela? Isibonelo, uKen Kisi ukhumbula "ukundiza esidlekeni se-cuckoo", Jerome of Sallinger - on the Pie ", Phezulu I-Pie", ukubulawa kukaPatrick Zusa - Ukuthi "Bulala" Inoveli. " Abalobi abasohlwini nemisebenzi bakwamanye amazwe, ngakho-ke ungabhala yonke into ngokuntuleka kokuhumusha. Kepha ungaba kanjani nabalobi ezifuywayo - ngo-Alexander Griboedov, ngokwesibonelo?Ubuntwana nentsha
Umlobi wesikhathi esizayo kanye ne-plosomay eMoscow wazalwa. Ezincwadini ezibhalwe ezincwadini ababhala ngokwenzeka ngoJanuwari 1785, kodwa abachwepheshe bayangabaza lokhu - amanye amaqiniso avela e-biography yakhe ayamangaza kakhulu. Kunomqondo wokuthi u-Alexander wazalwa eminyakeni emihlanu ngaphambili, futhi usuku lwalo mbhalo lwabhalwa ngomunye, ngoba ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, abazali bakhe babengashadanga, ababengashadanga kahle kuleyo minyaka.
By the way, ngo-1795, u-Alexander Griboedov wazalelwa umfowethu uPaul, owayeseshonile eminyakeni yezingane. Ngokunokwenzeka, kwakuyisitifiketi sakhe sokuzalwa kamuva esakhonza njengombhali. USasha wazalelwa emndenini omuhle, owahola isigxobo sikaYana Gzinhibovsky owayethuthele eRussia. Isibongo se-griboyedova ukudluliswa ngokoqobo kwesibongo.
Umfana wakhula unelukuluku, kepha ngasikhathi sinye. Imfundo yokuqala etholwe ekhaya, izincwadi zokufunda - Abaphenyi abahlukile basola ukuthi lokhu kungenxa yosuku olufihliwe lokuzalwa. Uthisha kaSasha wayedumile kuleyo minyaka eyi-encyclopedist ivan petrozalius.
Naphezu kwamandla, amaqhinga aseHooligan atholwe nge-griboedov: Ngesinye isikhathi, ngesikhathi sokuvakashela iSonto LamaKatolika, umfana wabulala iculo lomdanso we- "Kamarinskaya" emzimbeni oshaqisayo. Kamuva, vele ungumfundi weNyuvesi yaseMoscow State University, uSasha uzobhala i-caustic parody ebizwa nge- "Dmitry Dryanskaya", futhi izoyibeka engcupheni.
Ngisho nangaphambi kokufunda eMoscow State University Briboedov kwangena enyuvesi yaseMoscow University eNyuvesi ngo-1803. Ngo-1806 ungena egatsheni lamazwi e-Moscow State University, eliphela eminyakeni emi-2.
Ngemuva kwe-griboedov, inquma ukuncika emahhovisi amaningi amaningi - e-physico-mathematics nezokuziphatha nezepolitiki. U-Alexander wamukela iziqu zesikhathi sesayensi. Uhlela ukuqhubeka nokufunda nokuqhubeka, kepha amasu wokuhlaselwa kweNapoleonic.
Ngesikhathi sempi yokuthanda izwe ngo-1812, umlobi wesikhathi esizayo wajoyina amazinga we-Volontier Gusar Regiment, owahola izibalo uPeter Ivanovich Salltykov. Babhalise eCorps kanye nabanye abokufika emindenini enhle - obukhulu, golitsyn, efimovsky nabanye.
Into yokufunda
Ngo-1814, uBriboedov uqala ukubhala imisebenzi yakhe emibi yokuqala, okuyi-Essay "kumaCavalry Reserves" kanye nabalingani abancane abangamahlaya, okuwukugcwala kwemidlalo yemindeni yaseFrance.
Ngonyaka olandelayo, u-Alexander ushukumisela eSt. Petersburg, lapho aqeda khona. ESt. Petersburg, umlobi we-novice uhlangana noMkhandlunkulu futhi umshicileli uNikolai Ivanovich, indodana kaBabaLawotive Lakhe, indodana "kamuva uzoshicilela eminye yemisebenzi yawo.
Ngo-1816, iba yilungu le-Masonic Lodge "Ubunye Abangane Abanobunye", futhi ngonyaka ahlela amanga akhe - "okuhle", okuyokwehluka ngezinhlangano zakwamakhosi zasendulo ngokugcizelela amasiko aseRussia. Ngasikhathi sinye, umbhali uqala umsebenzi "usizi engqondweni" - kuvela imidwebo yokuqala nemidwebo.
Ehlobo lika-1817, i-griboedov ingena ekusebenzelaneni komphakathi ekolishi lezinto zakwamanye amazwe, okokuqala njengonobhala wesifundazwe, futhi kamuva - njengomhumushi. Ngawo lowo nyaka, uBriboedov. Ujwayelene no-Alexander Pushkin noWilhelm Kuherehelbecker.
Futhi, uzobe eshanela futhi engaphezu kwesisodwa esedlule empilweni yakhe emfushane. Ngize ngisebenze njengonobhala wesifundazwe, umbhali ubhala futhi ashicilele ithiyetha leshashalazi elithi "lubkiki", kanye nomfundi "ohlekisayo", "okonile nomakoti". Ngo-1817 okumakwe empilweni ye-griboedov kanye nomunye umcimbi - i-quadruple edumile ye-quel, isizathu sokuthi i-ballerina avdotya esondelana (njengoba kwenzeka njalo, iCherchez la femme) yanikezwa.
Kodwa-ke, ukube uZavadovsky noSheremeyv badutshulwe ngo-1817, kanti uDuel Griboyedov noYakubovich benzeka ngonyaka lapho umbhali, waba ngunobhala wommeli wasebukhosini uSimon Mazarovich ePersia . Endleleni eya endaweni yenkonzo, umlobi wenza idayari lapho abhala khona uhambo lwakhe.
Ngo-1819, uBriboedov waqeda umsebenzi "encwadini eya kumshicileli kusuka kuTiflis" nasenkondlweni "ngiyaxolisa, Izikhathi ze-autobiographical ezihambisana nesikhathi senkonzo ePheresiya nazo zizovela "endabeni yesitho sangasese sowesifazane" kanye "nokuhlukaniswa kwe-Ananur. Ngawo lowo nyaka, wathola umyalo wengonyama nelanga lezinga lokuqala.
Umsebenzi ePheresiya wawungafani nomlobi, ngakho-ke wayijabulisa nesandla sakhe ngo-1821, ngoba ngenxa yokulimala, umlobi wakwazi ukuyisa eGeorgia - eduze kwezwe lakhe. Ngo-1822, kuba ngunobhala engxenyeni yezokuxhumana ngaphansi kwe-Alexei Petrovich Yermolaev. Ngemuva kwalokho ubhala futhi ashicilele idrama "1812", enikezelwe empini yokuthanda izwe.
Ngo-1823, ushiya insizakalo iminyaka emithathu abuyele ezweni lawo futhi aphumule. Kuyo yonke le minyaka, uhlala eSt. Petersburg, eMoscow nasefeni lomngane wakudala edolobhaneni laseDmitrovsky. Uqeda ukusebenza ngohlobo lokuqala lwamahlaya emavesini athi "Mountain kusuka engqondweni", esevele enikeza ukubuyekezwa kwesisekelo sase-Kryonov asebekhulile. U-Ivan Andrevich wawubonga lo msebenzi, kodwa waxwayisa ngokuthi izicucu ngeke ziphuthelwe.
Ngo-1824, uBriboedov ubhala le nkondlo "David", umdwebo "wezehlakalo zangasese zeSt Petersburg" kanye ne-athikili ebucayi "futhi waqamba amanga." Ngonyaka olandelayo kwaqala ukusebenza ngokuhunyushwa kwe- "Faust" Goethe, kodwa ukwazile ukuqeda kuphela "isethulo enkundleni yemidlalo". Ekupheleni kuka-1825, ngenxa yesidingo sokubuyela enkonzweni saphoqeleka ukuba senqabe ukuhamba siye eYurophu, esikhundleni sokuya eCaucasus.
Ngemuva kokubamba iqhaza ekuhambeni, okujwayelekile u-Alexey Alexandrovich Veljamich ubhala le nkondlo "izinyamazane zeChegel". Ngo-1826, waboshwa wathunyelwa enhlokodolobha izinsolo zemisebenzi yokuloba, kodwa ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha wadedelwa ngentando futhi wabuyiselwa kwinkonzo ngenxa yokuntuleka kobufakazi obuqondile. Kodwa-ke, ukubhekwa kombhali kwasungulwa.
Ngo-1828, uBriboedov wabamba iqhaza ekusayineni kweSivumelwano Sokuthula Sokuthula KweTurkmanchai. Ngawo lowo nyaka, wathola ukuhleleka kweziqu zesibili kaSt. Anne. Umlobi owengeziwe akaphumelelanga ukubhala noma yini futhi ashicilele, yize ayesezinhlelweni zawo kwakukhona imisebenzi eminingi, phakathi kwabaphenyi bocwaningo ababela khona izinhlekelele ngeVladimir Great naseVladimir MoMomakh. Ngokusho kwabo, uBriboedov wayenamandla, hhayi ngaphansi kweShakespeare.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Kunomqondo wokuthi i-duel emine yango-1817 yenzeke ngenxa yokuphazamiseka okufushane kwe-griboyedov nge-ballerina ye-ballerina ye-ballerina eyinkimbinkimbi, kepha akukho maqiniso afakazela le hypothesi. Ngo-Agasti 22, 1828, umlobi washada ne-Aristocrat yaseGeorgia kaNina Chavchavadze, okwathi ngokwakhe u-Alexander Sergeevich ngokwakhe wabiza uModonna Bartal Mulillo. Umemezele umbhangqwana eSinion Cathedral etholakala eTiflis (manje - Tbilisi).
Ekupheleni kuka-1828, u-Alexander noNina babona ukuthi kulindelwe. Kungakho umlobi wagcizelela ukuthi umfazi uhlala ekhaya ngesikhathi senhlangano yakhe elandelayo yenxusa ngonyaka olandelayo, asoze abuyela kuwo. Izindaba eziphathelene nokufa kwendoda yashaqeka yintombazane encane ethukile. Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwenzeka, ingane yazalwa ifile.
Ukushona
Ekuqaleni kuka-1829, uBriboedov waphoqeleka ukuba aye kwinxusa e-Mission ukuyolanda u-Ali Shahu eTehran. NgoJanuwari 30 esakhiweni lapho inxusa lathunyelwa khona okwesikhashana, kwahlaselwa iqembu elikhulu labangu-Muslim Natics (abantu abangaphezu kwenkulungwane).
Ukugcina kuphumelele kumuntu oyedwa nje, ngokwethuba elihlanzekile, kwavela kwesinye isakhiwo. U-Alexander Griboedov watholakala kwabafileyo. Isidumbu sakhe esididiyelwe safundwa ekulimaleni kwesandla sobunxele, sitholwe ngesikhathi se-duel ekhoneni u-Alexander Yakubovich ngo-1818.
I-poskhoumous griboedov yanikezwa umyalo wengonyama nelanga lesiqu sesibili. Ngangcwaba umlobi, njengoba eqashiwe - eTiflis, eNtabeni iTansminda, ebekwe eceleni kwebandla laseSt. David.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
- Abazali bakaGriboyedov kwakuyizihlobo ezikude: u-Anastasia Fedorovna kwadingeka uSergey Ivanovich umshana wamanje.
- USergey Ivanovich - ubaba griboedov - wayengumgembuli ophawuleka. Kukholakala ukuthi kwakuvela kuye ngefa umlobi wayikhumbula kahle, ngenxa yalokho akwazi ukuba yi-polyglot. E-Arsenal yakhe kwakukhona isiFulentshi, isiNgisi, isiNtaliyane, isiJalimane, isi-Arabhu, isiTurkey, isiGeorgia, iPheresiya nesiGresi sasendulo, kanye nesiLatini.
- UDade Gribodedov - UMaria Sergeyevna - ngabe ngasikhathi sinye ihabhu elidumile nopiyano. Ngomlobi, ngendlela, futhi futhi futhi wakwazi futhi wakwazi nokubhala imidlalo eminingi yepiyano.
- UBriboedov nabanye abaculi bakhe abaculi bakhe bavezwa ku-canvas. Umfazi woMlobi nguwe kuphela owathunjwa esithombeni.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1814 - "Abalingani Abancane"
- Ngo-1814 - "Mayelana nezinqolobane zeCavalry"
- Ngo-1817 - "Ishashalazi Leshashalazi"
- Ngo-1817 - "Ukungathembeki Okukhonjisiwe"
- Ngo-1819 - "Incwadi eya kumshicileli kusuka kuTiflis"
- Ngo-1819 - "Uxolo, Libeland"
- Ngo-1822 - "1812"
- Ngo-1823 - "UDavid"
- Ngo-1823 - "Ungubani umfowethu obaba"
- Ngo-1824 - "Ucingo"
- Ngo-1824 - "Futhi Qamba - Qamba amanga, futhi kuhunyushwe - amanga"
- Ngo-1824 - "Maye kusuka ku-Wit"
- Ngo-1825 - "Abazingeli kuChegeme"