I-Biograge
U-Lesya Uchraina ungumbhali owayesebenza ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene, kungaba izinguqulo zezincwadi, izinkondlo, ezendlalani noma imidlalo. Ngempilo yakhe emfushane, u-Leska waqamba imisebenzi eminingana futhi wakhipha ukuhlanganiswa kwezinkondlo, okwakungafi.
ULarisa Petrovna Koshach (igama langempela lomlobi) wazalwa engu-13 (25) kaFebhuwari 1871 edolobheni laseNovograd-Volynsky, esifundeni saseZhytoMyr e-Ukraine. Izinkondlo zesikhathi esizayo zikhule emndenini onolwazi wemvelaphi enhle, abazali bakhe bangabantu abavela ebhange elishiyelwe e-Ukraine, inzalo kaSossosi Cossack German, owavuma inkolo ye-Orthodox.
Ubaba Lesi, Koshach Petro u-Antonovich, wayengumnikazi womhlaba ofundile ovela eChernigov Obses, eminyakeni yase-University wayezithanda izincwadi, izibalo kanye noMunu. Ngemuva kokuthola iziqu eKiev, le nyuvesi yangena eChiev Chamber yenkantolo yecala njengelungu lomphenyi wezomthetho. Uyise womlobi waqala umsebenzi wakhe ngesikhundla soNobhala Wekolishi kanye nenkonzo enhle kakhulu yadluliselwa kwababeluleki bezibalo uqobo.
UPetronovich wabona izincwadi, umculo futhi wayethanda ukupenda. Endlini yakhe, ama-Comrades ayevame ukuqoqwa izintshisekelo ezazijabulela izingoma, imisebenzi yama-Classics, futhi futhi athola imidwebo.
Unkosikazi kaPetronovich, u-Olga Petrovna, - udadewabo wezintatheli ezidumile DranOmaova Mikhail Petrovich, wayethanda imisebenzi yokubhala. Ngokusho kwamahemuhemu, uLarisa ayengeyena u-Olga Petrovna ngengane eyamukelekayo. Owesifazane akakwazanga ukululama emazibulo eMikhail, futhi nokukhulelwa kwahamba kanzima, kwathi emva kokuzalwa kwentombazane nobisi kwadlula nhlobo.
U-Olga Petrovna wayengowesifazane okhulayo, wazi izilimi eziningi: isiGrikhi saseYurophu, isiSlavic, isiGridi sasendulo nesiLatini. Isibonelo, umama wanikeza izingane imfundo emnandi ekhaya, ngokuba yintombazane eneminyaka engu-19 ubudala, uLesya wayeyincwadi yodadewethu ababebizwa ngokuthi "umlando wasendulo wabaNase-Eastern". Kuyaziwa nangokuthi umgcini we-Custodian of the Home athola izincwadi zase-Ukraine zomtapo wezincwadi wekilabhu, ahumushe izindaba eziningana zikaNikolai Vasilyevich Gogol olimini lwase-Ukraine futhi akhulule ukuhlanganiswa kwakhe kwezinkondlo.
ILesia Ukrainaka yakhulisa udadewethu omncane ka-Olga (1877) kanye nomdala mfowethu uMikhail (1869). UMikhail Petrovich ubungenakude nobuqambi, kusukela ngaphansi kwepeni lakhe kwakukhona inani lezindaba eziphawuleka kakhulu nenoveli, eshicilelwe ngezikhathi ezithile. Wahumusha olimini lwakhe lwendabuko njengoGogol noVladimir Korolenko, uGendle Senterhich, kanye noFrancis Brita Garth.
UMfoweth 'nodadewethu bebengachitheli amanzi, abathola ngabazali ngegama lesidlaliso elijwayelekile uMichelosie. Umfana nentombazane bathole imfundo yasekhaya, bafundwa ngothisha abazimele. Umlobi wesikhathi esizayo waqala wafunda ukufunda - ukuba yingane eneminyaka emine, uLesya avele afunda izinganekwane ezinamandla nangokwengeziwe. Futhi kulokhu kuneminyaka emihlanu ubudala, ihlathi laqamba imidlalo emincane yomculo.
Ngo-1882, lo mndeni wagcwaliswa emndenini kaKoschai - kwazalwa indodakazi kaKosana, wabe esezalwe i-Mycola (1884) nase-Isidore (1888). Ingane yentombazane yayingenamafu: lapho ihlathi lineminyaka eyishumi, wayebanda. Lesi sifo saba nzima, indodakazi kaPetronovich yathola izinhlungu ezibukhali emlenzeni nasezandleni. Ekuqaleni, odokotela babekholelwa ukuthi isi-Ukraine sasiyi-rheumatism enkulu, futhi intombazane yaphathwa ngamabhati afudumele futhi aphulukisa amafutha. Kepha yonke imizamo yayiyize.
Ngo-1883, ihlathi latholakala linesifo sofuba samathambo, ngenxa yokuthi le ntombazane yaqhutshwa ngayo yaqhubeka ikhubazekile. Ngakho-ke, ngomculo womculo weLesia, owawunomdlandla ngokuphelele lo mdlalo epiyano, kwakungekho nkulumo.
Phakathi kokunye, umlobi wesikhathi esizayo wazama ukwazi ukupenda futhi waze wakhetha esikoleni esikhethekile, lapho afunda khona ukudweba uNikolai Ivanovich ngaphansi kokugadwa. Kuyiqiniso, le ntombazane ayizange ibambe ama-tassels nopende: uLesya wayengafuni ukwenza lo mculi ngomculi wakhe. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi isithombe esisodwa kuphela esabhalwa yizinkondlo esaqhubeka kuleso sikhathi.
Into yokufunda
ULesya Uchrainaka waqamba inkondlo yakhe yokuqala ngenxa yokuhlangenwe nakho okuqotho. Iqiniso ngukuthi entwasahlobo yango-1879, u-anti lena antonovna Kosakh waboshwa futhi wathunyelwa eSiberia isikhathi esiyiminyaka emihlanu ngeqiniso lokuthi izinsolo zokuthi zihlaselwe ngu-Alexander Romanovich General. Kuyafaneleka ukusho lelo hlathi kanye no-anti eally, dadewethu uPetro Antonovich, wabopha ubuhlobo obufudumele.
Owesifazane wayevame ukuza ezonakekela izingane, futhi ubungani bakhe nomlobi wesikhathi esizayo washiya umlolo wesikhathi esizayo washiya umnyango wezinyawo ezibonakalayo ngokuphila okuzayo kanye nobuciko bezinkondlo. Lapho esefunde ngokuboshwa, intombazane eneminyaka eyisishiyagalombili ibhala inkondlo yakhe edayisa i-debut ebizwa ngokuthi "uNadezhda" (1879-1880).
Lapho uLarisa Kosch eneminyaka eyi-12, waqala ukubhala wakushicilela ephephabhukwini ngokuthi "uZorya", waphinde wabhekana nokuhumusha 'kobusuku bepulazi eduze noDikanka "Nikolai Gogol. Cishe ngasikhathi sinye, le ntombazane yathola i-pseudonym yokudala. Ngo-1883, iqoqo lokuqala lezinkondlo lezinkondlo ezisencane "emaphikweni ezingoma" zaphuma.
Kuyafaneleka ukuthi imisebenzi yeLesia ebhalwe phansi igeleza inkathi ye-Imperism, ukuguqulwa kokuqala kweRussia, nasekusebenzeni kwalezo zikhathi, izinkomba zalezo zikhathi, zinqunywe kahle izinkomba. I-Ukrainaka ayinamathele enkambweni eyodwa: le ntombazane ayizange imkhulume kuye emisebenzini, noma izazi zemvelo, kodwa yagcwala ngemibono yezinguquko. Emisebenzini yakhe thola izimbangi zezothando, kunokuba ube yiqiniso.
Ngemuva kokuthi ihlathi lishadile, waqala ukusebenza ngemodi esheshayo. NgoMeyi 5, 1907, i-Ukraine yaqeda inkondlo ethandwayo "u-Aisha noMohammed", futhi yangezelela umsebenzi we- "Cassandra", ukuqala kwayo okwakubiwe ngo-1893. Ngo-1907 okufanayo, uLesduna wasebenza emisebenzini "yentaba yaseZarnitsa", "ehlathini" kanye "noRufin noPriscilla".
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Induna yokuqala yehlathi kwakuwumphakathi uSergey Merzhinsky, umbhali wahlangana naye ngo-1898. Kuliqiniso, lolu thando lwaletha uLarisa Petrovna akayona amaphiko enjabulo, kodwa intaba enkulu: USergey Konstantinovich wabulawa yisifo sofuba. Ngaphambi nje kokuba kufe uLiya kaLeya wafika eSergey egulayo, kwathi komunye wababusi obubandayo ebusika, i-biography yokudala yombhali yagcwala kabusha "ophunga" (1901).
Ngo-1907, izinkondlo zathuthela eCrimea nenduna entsha kaClement Vasilyevich Kvitka, owayethathwa njengomunye wabasunguli be-Soviet Musical Ethnography. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi abantu abasha bahlangana ngonyaka we-1898, lapho uLarisa Petrovna eqala kabusha indaba yakhe "ngaphezu kolwandle" embuyisenweni wezincwadi weKiev University.
UClement Vasilyevich naye wayegula ngesifo sofuba, futhi kungashiwo ukuthi ukushesha ukuthuthela eCrimea kwasindisa impilo yakhe, ngoba ukwelashwa okusebenzayo nokukhuthala kwaphoqa isifo esibulalayo ukubuyela emuva. Abathandi bezomthetho ubudlelwano ngo-Agasti 7, 1907, azikho izingane embhangqwaneni oshadile.
Ukushona
Isifo esinzima senza umbhali kusukela ebuntwaneni kuphathwe ezindaweni zokungcebeleka. Ngakho-ke, eminyakeni yokugcina kaLarisa Petrovna Koshach ihlala emazweni ashisayo - eGibhithe naseGeorgia. Kodwa-ke, yonke imizamo yeLesia izonqoba isifo sofuba samathambo ayize: kwabonakala sengathi lesi sifo asibuyi, kodwa kunalokho, kuqhubeka ngokungafanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzo zonke izifo zeLarisa Petrovna izifo zezinso.
Kepha, naphezu kokwehluleka ngokomzimba, u-leska wathola amandla omsebenzi wobuciko. Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila, wathumela imisebenzi ye-lyrical enkantolo: ingoma yedrama, inkondlo ", i-orgy", i-epic triptych "Yini amandla asinika yona?", "I-Orfeevo Minac".
Umlobi omkhulu wase-Ukraine washona ngoJulayi 19 (Agasti 1) kwango-1913 ngonyaka we-42. Ithuna lezinkondlo litholakala emathuneni amabhayisekili eKiev. Ngokukhumbula izinkondlo ezinethalente, imigwaqo eminingi ibizwa ngokuthi, imnyuziyamu kanye nenkundla yaseshashalazini yezwe laseRussia ivulekile. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngo-2001 imidwebo yehlathi yabekwa kwibhili lase-Ukraine eline-par nge-200 hryvnia.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1893 - "emaphikweni ezingoma"
- 1899 - "Imicabango kanye nemifino"
- 1902 - Izimali "
- 1911 - "Ingoma Yehlathi"