I-Biograge
Amavesi akhe asiza ama-leningrads ukuba asinde edolobheni elivinjelwe nje futhi angalahlekelwa isithunzi somuntu. Abantu abafa ngenxa yokukhathala balalela izikhalazo zezinkondlo ezivela "ezipuleti" ezimnyama ze-reczala futhi zaqiniswa ngokholo ukuze ziphilele ekunqobeni. Izwi lika-Olga Bergoltz elibizwa ngokuthi uphawu lokunqoba, nemiboniso - "blocade madonna" kanye nomnyuziyamu wedolobha elivinjelwe.Ubuntwana nentsha
Kwazalwa imboni entwasahlobo yango-1910 edolobheni e-Neva. U-Olga, noma uLyyal, njengomdabu wakhe - ingane yokuqala ethweswe iziqu ze-Derpt University, udokotela ohlinzayo uChristophore BERGholts, owayemkhulumile amaJalimane. Umama Olga - UMaria Timofeevna Graster, owesimame oqondayo futhi ufundile, "kusukela kwangaphambili." Emshadweni, amantombazane amabili azalwa - u-Olga (Lyla) noMaria (musya). Sikhathalela izingane kanye nowesifazane owesifazane wasiza uNanny no-words.
Umndeni wawuhlala endlini endala e-Nevsky Shopping. Inguquko kanye nempi yombango yadonsa uDkt Bergholtz empilweni enokuthula - udokotela ohlinzayo wasensimini waya phambili. Indlala nokubhujiswa kwenza umndeni uphume uPeter uhambe u-Uglich. I-Berholtsy yahlala egumbini elibandayo, kanye iseli lendlu yangaphambili. Ukungondleki, ubuphofu, uLash - uLalyya noMusya noMama bathola yonke isikhathi sezempi. E-Uglich, u-Olga Berglts waya esikoleni. Obomdabu abavela e-UGlograd baye ePetrograd bathatha uBaba babuya ngaphambili.
Amadodakazi kaMaria Timofeevna aletha amantombazane eTurgenEV: Wadlala imisebenzi yama-Classics, funda izinkondlo. Ukube bekungengenxa yokuvukela, uLalyya noMusya ngokuqinisekile bangazitholela izinto zokuzivocavoca, abafundi be-Institute of Noble Maiden. Kepha imithetho nemfashini kuchaze isikhathi sangemva kwenguquko. Ngaba nesandla ekukhulisweni kwezingane kanye noFyodor Christforovich, umuntu ongakholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona owathatha amantombazane ukuthi inkolo yibandlululo, futhi izimbambo ezikholwayo ziyindabuko yesikhathi esedlule.
Ukwephulwa ekwazini kwe-Olga Bergholds kwenzeke ngokushesha: Intombazane yaya kulenombolo yesikole sabasebenzi ngo-117, eminyakeni eyi-14 yaba iphayona futhi iyisishoshovu sobukhosi, yajoyina amanani eWLksm. Ngemuva kwalokho wabhala izinkondlo zokuqala ezibizwa ngokuthi "amaphayona".
Ngo-15, le ntombazane yafika eklabhini esebenzayo, lapho kwakhiwa khona ubusha bokubhala "ushintsho". Intsha nentsha, isebenzisa izinkondlo zokubhala, yahlangana noMathe. U-Eduard Bagritsky, Vladimir Mayakovsky, uJoseph Utkin, weza ekilabhini. Amakhosi aleli gama lezinkondlo ahlanganyela okuhlangenwe nakho, alalele ama-stachchoplets amancane, anikeze izeluleko.
Into yokufunda
Amavesi okuqala e-Olga Berggolts aneminyaka engu-14 ubudala avele ngo-1925 efektri yalodobi lwadonga. Futhi ngo-15, iphephandaba laseSoviet lezingane nentsha eningi "ama-leninist spark" aphrintiwe emigqeni engu-15 yomlilo "mayelana nesibhengezo".
Ukudunyiswa kokuqala ngethalente lokubhala lika-Olga Bergholz kuzwakala emlonyeni we-matra okuhlonishwayo, uKornea Chukovsky. Ebusuku bezinkondlo kusihlwa "shintsho", i-blonde blonde olga yaphinda i- "Stone Duff" - enye yemibhalo yokuqala ye-copyright. Izimpande ze-Ivanovich, zigadiwe le ntombazane ngamahlombe, zimphulukisa ikusasa elikhulu.
Kepha i-biography yokudala ye-Olga Bergltz yathuthukiswa ngokushesha okukhulu njengoba ngangifuna. Ngezimbongi ezisencane ze-1920 ezinama-evutha amehlo, ama-hacks, agqoke izivunguvungu ze-khaki zazingezelele. IBerggolts yayihlukile kancane kozakwabo, inkazimulo yahamba ebusweni bayo. Ngo-1926, u-Olga, kanye nomlingani onethalente kusuka ku- "Shift", uBoris Kornilov, othandweni ngaphandle kwenkumbulo, waba ngumfundi wezifundo zomlando wezobuciko. Ngemuva kokuvalwa kwabo, lo mbhangqwana waya e-Pulcing of Philology of the University of Leningrad.
Ukusebenza kweDiploma Pre-Diploma kudlule eVladikavkaz. Umfundi izolo uncoma iCaucasus, ezwa ugqozi olumangalisayo. Waya e-Ossetia, wavakashela ekwakhiweni kwesiteshi se-hydroelectric, wazulazula ezintabeni ezintabeni futhi, engadini, izinkondlo zakhiwa - zisebuthakathaka, zingenabuthakathaka.
Ezinyangeni ezimbili nengxenye kamuva, ibhange le-Piggy ye-Creative Piggy of Olga Bergholts ecebise ezinhlazweni ezintathu eziyishumi nambili ezathatha iphephandaba ngokuthi "amandla okubeletha". Intatheli yaphulwa ngumgwaqo wamasosha wase-Ossetian wedolobha kanye nemizana evela eVladikavkaz yaya eTiflis. Umsebenzi wamaphephandaba wasiza iBergholz ukuba afunde impilo, atadishe abantu, akha ukubukwa komhlaba. Intatheli encane yathandana neCaucasus, eyayihlelele ukubuyela kule miphetho ngemuva kokuphela kweNyuvesi.
I-Fatule yayalela ngenye indlela: Uthole idiploma, u-Olga Berggolts waya eKazakhstan. Usebenze njengombhali wephephandaba ngokuthi "iSoviet Steppe", nendoda yesibili uNikolai Molchanov wayehlala ezimweni zokuphila ezinzima, kodwa wazizwa ejabule. U-Olga wabhala izindatshana, ama-eseyi, izindaba. Iqoqo lokuqala lezinkondlo lezingane ezibizwa nge- "Winter-Summer-Parrot" laphuma.
U-Olga Berggolts wabuyela eLeningrad ngo-1931 futhi wahlala ephephandabeni lephephandaba i-Elektrosila. Ngo-1935, incwadi yezinkondlo yaphuma, yafana nje - "amazwi womculo". Ama-bergholts amukele ubumbano lwababhali. Kepha le nkathi yempilo yombhali yaphawulwa uchungechunge lwezehlakalo ezibuhlungu.
Ngemuva kokubulawa kukaSergey Kirov, "ukuhlanza" kwaqala enhlokodolobha esenyakatho. Entwasahlobo yango-1937, uMnyango WeSoviet wamisa "izitha zabantu" iqembu labalobi, kubandakanya nomyeni wangaphambili wezinkondlo uBornilov. IBerggolts yokuxhumana nembongi ye-Opct ikhishwe ku-Writers 'Union. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezintathu, intatheli yaxoshwa emsebenzini. Wahlala esikoleni, lapho afundisa khona isiRussia nezincwadi eziya ezinganeni.
NgoJanuwari 1938, isixazululo "emaphutheni ama-forterganigations" sashicilelwa, okwakuvumela u-Olga Bergholz ukuba athembele ekuthembekeni. Ngemuva kwesitatimende sombhali, sabuyiselwa kwimisebenzi ehlangene, ekuqaleni kwekwindla yathatha ephephandabeni lefekthri, endaweni edlule. Umyeni wakhe wangaphambili uBornilov wadutshulwa (wavuselelwa ngo-1957).
Njengoba kwenzeka, amabele "amabele" ukuze asole kakhulu ukumangalela: Ekupheleni kuka-1938, u-Olga waboshwa, ebiza iTrotskyist futhi ahlanganyele iqembu lika-Andrei Zhdanov noClement Voroshilov. Ephenywe imibuzo, owesifazane washaywa, washonelwa yingane. Ukusuka eBerggolts, ukuvuma izono, wasabisa nge-athikili edutshulwe.
Usizo luqhamuka kulowo ovela kuye u-Olga Berggolts engazange alindele: wasiza ukuphuma ku-Alexander Fadeev. Endabeni yombhali, kwaba nokungena mayelana nobufakazi bokunikeza ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Umyeni wami uNikolai Molchanov wasiza ngokwenzekile. Kepha impi enkulu yokuthanda izwe ivimbele injabulo yomndeni ethule.
Ukulwa
Umyeni u-Olga Berholts waya phambili, yize ayenokukhubazeka. NgoJanuwari 1942, isithuthwane sanda ngeMolchanova, wawela esibhedlela kwathi ngoJanuwari 29 ushonile. Entwasahlobo ka-1942, ubaba we-Olga Berholts wabiza into eyingozi emphakathini (isizathu sasiyisibongo saseJalimane) sathumela eKrasnoyarsk. Izinkondlo zithola i-dystrophy, abangane bawela eMoscow, ukonga impilo. Owesifazane ubuyela ezinyangeni ezi-2. Usebenze emsakazweni, izwi lakhe labaseLeningradians ababolile baba bonabolwane.
Ukudluliselwa komsakazo we-Berggolts, oye waqinisa isibindi sabaNaningradian, ngemuva kwempi bangene eqoqweni "kusho uLeningrad". Ku- "Leningrad Poem" Berggolts phambi kwabafundi kuphakama isithombe somuzi ovinjelwe. Lokhu kungenye nje yemisebenzi eminingana enemisebenzi ebonakalayo ye-leningrad, ukubhoboza kakhulu. Ngaphansi kwepeni lase-Olga Fedorovna kuleyo minyaka emibi, izinkondlo "ngoFebhuwari idayari" ne "Memory of Vividers" zazalwa.
Ngemuva kwempi, amaBerggolts abhale incwadi ethi "Izinkanyezi Zeminyaka Yesikhathi Somhlaba - Idayari Yefilosofi, efingqa abanolwazi. Ekugcineni, izwe lawazisa imikhono yomlobi, izindondo ze-berggolts kanye nezindondo. Kepha umklomelo oyinhloko kwakuwuthando lwabantu kanye nesihloko se- "Leningrad Madonna". Izinkondlo ezidumile eziqoshwe e-Piskarevsky Memetermes Memetery Memetery:
"Akekho okhohliwe futhi akukho lutho olukhohliwe."Kepha ubunzima empilweni ka-Olga Bergholts abayeki ngemuva kokunqoba. Ubungani no-Anna Akhmatova babekwa icala esonweni, incwadi ethi "kusho uLeningrad" emitatsheni yolwazi. Ebusika bango-1948, kwakungekho nkondlo kaYise. Iqoqo lokuhlupheka okunolwazi lithinte i-psyche yabesifazane elilimele ngezinhlekelele: ama-berggolts ashayisa isibhedlela ukuze agule ngokomqondo.
Ngemuva kokushiya isibhedlela u-Olga Fedorovna wabhala le midlalo, eyayifakwa ezinkundleni zemidlalo yaseLeningrad. Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1950s eMoscow, kwaphuma ilungu elingamavolumu amabili. I-Berggolts diaries ngemuva kokushona komlobi othathwe eChrona ekhethekile. Ishicilelwe e-laminature emithathu yemisebenzi ngo-1990. Kubo, u-Olga Fedorovna washaya ngamandla ngamandla owenza imihlatshelo yabantu empini empini. Iteyiphu yedokhumenti "Ingcaphu Yenzeke ebingaphila ngayo ngekusasa le-" Blocade Madonna ".
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Inenjabulo eyayimamatheka ngu-Olga Berglz kuyaqabukela. Uthando lwentsha ngethalente likaBoris Cornilov lwaphela ngokuhlukana: Ukugula kwenkanyezi komyeni wakhe kwakhula kwaba ngukudakwa. Ukuhlukaniswa nokubuyisana kwakukhathele ngu-Olga. Umyeni uhambe, eshiya indodakazi ka-Irina. Okokugcina lapho befa ngokufa kukaCornilov kungekudala ngaphambi kokufa. Ngemuva kwalokho u-Olga Bergilz washada okwesibili. UNikolai Molchanov waba ngumuntu oyinhloko empilweni yakhe, wathethelela amanoveli wezisebenzi futhi akhonze umkakhe.
Emshadweni noMolchanov, indodakazi yesibili yazalwa - uMaya. Ngemuva konyaka, ngo-1932, le ntombazane yafa. Eminyakeni engu-4, indodakazi endala yase-Ira yafa, eyayinesifo senhliziyo. Konke ukukhulelwa okulandelayo u-Olga Bergletz waphazamiseka. Okokugcina lona wesifazane elahlekelwe ingane emabhentshini e-NKVD.
Injabulo yabesifazane ikhamule kafushane e "blocade madonna" ngemuva kokushona kukaNikolai Molchanova. Umsebenzi weRadio Comit Georgy Mconcenko wanakekela u-Olga, lapho, enosizi nosizi, alahlekelwe yisifiso sokubambelela empilweni. Kamuva, lolu thando lokugcina u-Olga wathela emavesini, ebiza "i-Indian Summer". Phakathi nezinsuku nomuzwa we-rutin grip. UGeorge waft olga, kwaqhamuka omunye umuntu wesifazane empilweni yakhe. Kuze kube sekufeni kwakhe etafuleni lasebusuku, u-Olga Berggolts wema umfanekiso wendoda yesibili - uNikolai Molchanova.
Ukushona
U-Olga Bergoltz akazange abe nguNovemba 13, 1975. Umnyuziyamu we-Leningrad yegazi waphenduka ama-65.
Ngangcwaba izinkondlo hhayi lapho efundisa khona - emathuneni ama-Piskarevsky, phakathi kwabangane abashona evinjiwe. I-Olga Berggolts ethuneni le-Olga Berggolts - kwi-Wolf Cemetery, emigwaqweni engokoqobo yokuhamba. Isikhumbuzo sasungulwa eminyakeni engama-30, ngo-2005.
Igama lomlobi labizwa ngokuthi ngumgwaqo esifundeni saseNevsky. Omunye ugqoke igama le-bergholts enkabeni ye-niglich.
I-Bibliography
- 1935 - "Izingoma"
- Ngo-1944 - "I-Leningrad Diary"
- Ngo-1946 - "kusho uLeningrad"
- 1960 - "Izinkanyezi Zosuku"
- Ngo-1967 - Imisebenzi ekhethiwe kumavolumu ama-2
- 1967 - "Izinkanyezi Zosuku"
- 1970 - "Ukwethembeka"