I-Biograge
Ngesinye isikhathi, umlobi u-Alexander Belyaev umsebenzi we-Brilliant Oftermer wakhetha imali engazinzile umlobi. Emisebenzini yabo, isayensi ibikezela lokho okutholwa kwesayensi okunjengokudalwa kwezitho zokufakelwa, ukuvela kwezinhlelo zokufundwa kokugcwala komhlaba kanye nokuvela kweziteshi zendawo e-Orbital.
Kuyo yonke impilo yakhe, umgxeki weSoviet wakhanyisa iziprofetho zakhe ezibonakala engenangqondo, ngaphandle kokusola ukuthi ngamanoveli, izindaba kanye nemibiko, uMdali wavula ikhethini lokugcina izimfihlo, avule abafundi babone umhlaba wekusasa elizayo.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Omunye wabasunguli bezincwadi eziqanjiwe zeSoviet yesayensi wazalwa ngoMashi 16, 1884 edolobheni laseHero Smolensk. Emndenini weBelyaev, ngaphandle kuka-Alexander, kwakukhona ezinye izingane ezimbili. Udadewabo uNina wafa esengumntwana waseSarcoma, noMfoweth 'uVasily, umfundi wesikhungo sezilwane, waminza ngokugibela isikebhe.
Abazali bomlobi ngabe bangamakholwa ngokujulile, babevame ukubasiza izihlobo nabampofu, okwakuhlala kuningi abantu endlini yabo. U-Alexander Ros Fidd, wathanda zonke izinhlobo zokudonswa kanye namahlaya. Emidlalweni nasezintweni zokuzilibazisa, umfana akazange avinjelwe. Umphumela welinye lamabhulukwe akhe kwaba ukulimala kwamehlo okukhulu, okwalandela ukuwohloka kombono.
UBelyaev wayethanda imvelo. Kusukela esemncane waheha umhlaba ongenamqondo wemisindo. Kuyaziwa ngokuqinisekile ukuthi umbhali ngaphandle kosizo ofunde ukudlala i-violin nopiyano. Kwakunezinsuku lapho uSasha, weqa isikole sasekuseni nesikhathi santambama, nangokuzinikela egumbini lakhe, ukungazinaki lokho okwenzekayo emhlabeni.
Uhlu lwezinto zokuzilibazisa luphinde lwafaka amakilasi ezithombe kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-Azov acting. Ishashalazi laseBelyaev laseBelyaev lalishukunyiswa hhayi edolobheni kuphela, kodwa nasezindaweni ezizungezile. Ngesinye isikhathi, ngesikhathi sifika eSmolensk, i-Metropolitan Tropoupe, umbhali wabuyisela umculi ogulayo futhi wadlala esikhundleni sokusebenza. Ngemuva kwempumelelo yezithulu, wanikelwa ukuba ahlale eTroupe, kodwa wenqaba isizathu esingaziwa.
Naphezu kokufiswa kokuzikhethela kokudala, ngesinqumo senhloko yomndeni wakwa-Alexander, basifunda ukutadisha ku-seeminary ngokomoya, aphothula ngo-1901. Le nsizwa yenqabile ukuqhubeka nemfundo yezenkolo futhi, yathanda iphupho lomsebenzi wommeli, yangena e-demidov lyceum eYaroslavl. Ngemuva kokufa kukababa, umndeni wawomndeni wawunqunyelwe. U-Alexander wakhokhela ukuqeqeshwa, wathatha noma yimuphi umsebenzi. Kuze kukhululwe esikhungweni sezemfundo, wakwazi ukusebenza nomfundisi kanye nomhlobisi enkundleni yemidlalo yaseshashalazini, kanye ne-virus violinist.
Ekupheleni kweDemidov Lyceum Belyaev uthole isikhundla sommeli wangasese eSmolensk. Ngonembeza, njengochwepheshe omuhle, u-Alexander Romanovich wathola amakhasimende anaphakade. Imali engenayo yamvumela ukuthi inikeze ifulethi, ithola iqoqo elibizayo lemidwebo, ukuqoqa umtapo wezincwadi, kanye nokuhamba eYurophu. Kuyaziwa ukuthi umlobi waphefumulela ngobuhle beFrance, e-Italy neVenice.
Into yokufunda
Ngo-1914, iBelyaev yashiya ubuqili futhi yazinikezela enkundleni yemidlalo yeshashalazi nezincwadi. Kulonyaka wenza iphutha lakhe hhayi nje kuphela njengomqondisi oseshashalazini, ebambe iqhaza ekwakhekeni kwe-Opera "Ukulala iTsarevna", kodwa futhi kwashicilela incwadi yakhe yokuqala yobuciko (ngaphambi kokuthi kube nemibiko, ukubuyekezwa, amanothi) - inganekwane ngezenzo ezine "Moira Grandma".
Ngo-1923, umlobi wathuthela eMoscow. Esikhathini saseMoscow, iBelleaev yashicilela imisebenzi yakhe ethokozisayo komagazini kanye nezincwadi ngazinye: "Isiqhingi semikhumbi efile", "umuntu wokugcina ovela e-Atlantis", "elwa nendoda" ye USolwazi Dowel ".
Enoveli yokugcina, ukushayisana kususelwa kokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe komuntu okuboshwe ngodaka nangofeze ukomelana, hhayi okunamandla phezu komzimba wakhe nokuphila okungekho emzimbeni, ngekhanda elilodwa eliphilayo. Esikhathini se-leningrad, kusuka ngaphansi kwesimpaphe womlobi, imisebenzi 'yokugxuma ngeze', "Nkosi yezwe", "Ntshonalanga yezwe" "kanye" namehlo amangalisayo ", kanye ne-alchemists".
Ngo-1937, iBelyaeva yaphela ukuphrinta. Kwakungekho lutho oluzophila ngalo. Waya eMurmansk, lapho ahlela khona i-accountant emkhunjini wokudoba. Ukudana komoya sekuphenduke iminyuziyamu yakhe, futhi umgcini ophakanyisiwe ekhoneni wabhala inoveli emaphusheni akhe angagcwalisekanga, emnika igama elithi "Ariel". Encwadini, eshicilelwe ngo-1941, ngaphezulu komlingiswa oyinhloko ubeka izivivinyo ngokunikwa kwemali kanye nokuhlolwa okudlule ngempumelelo, uthola amandla okundiza.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngomfazi wokuqala ka-Anna Ivanovna Stangovich, umlobi wahlangana nangesikhathi sokufunda nge-lyceum. Kuliqiniso, le nyunyana ibiyisikhashana. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngemuva komshado, hhayi umuntu onyaweni washintsha umyeni wakhe nomngane wakhe. Kuyaqapheleka lokho, naphezu kokukhashelwa, ngemuva kwesehlukaniso, abathandi bakudala basekela ukuxhumana.
Kwakungu-Ana okwabantu abajwayelene nenganekwane yakhe ngomkakhe wesibili, isilaleli sezinkulumo zensikazi yaseMoscow ephakeme ngesonto ephakeme uVasilyevnykh. Isikhathi eside, abantu abasha ababethululele ngokwezincwadi, nangemva komhlangano wabantu, futhi ngemuva kokuvutha phakathi kwemizwelo, sabheka ubuhlobo babo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi uthando lwenduna entsha yombhali womlobi kaMlobi wenoveli "Umthengisi" kwanele isikhashana. Ngemuva kwekufundza kukholwa ngalesi sifo, kwabe sekutjekiswa kutsi kutsi kwawo amorling emlandweni.
Ngo-1915, ukuphela kwalimaza uBelyaev ukushaya okunonya, kwaphulwa phakade inkambo evamile futhi yalethela izingxenye ezimbili. Umlobi wagula ngesifo sofuba samathambo e-vertebrae, enzima ukukhubazeka kwemilenze. Ukufuna abasebenzi bezokwelapha abaqeqeshiwe kwaholela umama wombhali, ithemba likaVasilyevna, eYalta, lapho ahambisa khona indodana yakhe. Odokotela abanesigungu esineminyaka engu-31 ubudala besayensi e-gypsum corset abanikezeli iziqinisekiso, basho ukuthi u-Alexander angahlala ekhubazekile ngenxa yokuphila.
I-Strong ngeke inikeze i-Belyaevi kuMoya. Naphezu kokuhlushwa okuhloliwe kanye namathemba angabonakali, akazange anikezele, aqhubeke nokubhala izinkondlo ezazivame ukushicilelwa ephephandabeni lendawo. Futhi, uMdali wazenzela ezemfundo (wafunda izilimi zakwamanye amazwe, umuthi, i-biology, umlando) futhi wafunda okuningi (okuthandwayo kunikeze umsebenzi kaJules Verne, uHerbert Wells noKonstantin Tsiolkovsky).
Ngenxa yalokho, inkosi yepeni yanqoba ukugula, futhi lesi sifo sivuse isikhashana. Kuleyo minyaka eyisithupha lapho inganekwane yesayensi yaboshwa, izwe selishintshile ngaphezu kokuqashelwa. Ngemuva kokuthi u-Alexander Romanovich wayemi ngokuqinile ngezinyawo zakhe, umlobi ngamandla akhe omvelo ambulisile wafakwa kwinqubo yokudala. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, ekwazile ukusebenza nothisha endlini yezintandane, kwathi umtapo wezincwadi, kanye noMnyango Wokuphenya Kwabagebengu.
E-Phalta, uMdali wahlangana nowesifazane wesithathu - uMargarita Konstantinovna Magsushevskaya, owaba umngane wempilo kanye nomsizi onomusa. Kanye naye, iBelleaev ngo-1923 yathuthela eMoscow. Lapho, wathola umsebenzi eCommissariat yabantu basePosini naseTelegraphs, kwathi ngesikhathi sakhe samahhala wahlanganyela emisebenzini yokubhala.
Ngo-Mashi 15, 1925, owakwakheni wamnika indodakazi uLyudmila, owashona eneminyaka eyisithupha evela eMeningitis. Indlalifa yesibili yaseSvetlana yaseSvetlana yazalwa ngonyaka ka-1929 futhi, naphezu kokugula njengefa kusuka ekhanda lomndeni, kwakwazi ukufeza yena empilweni.
Ukushona
Izifo ezivuselelekile zika-Alexander Romanovich, zimnene zivela endlala futhi zibanda, zishonile ngobusuku bezingxenye zesihlanu kwabayisithupha ngoJanuwari 1942. UMargarita Konstantinovna emavikini amabili ngemuva kokushona komyeni wakhe wakwazi ukuhlela amadokhumenti, athole ibhokisi lombhalo futhi athathe umzimba wakhe kwi-crypt etholakala emathuneni aseKazan. Lapho, izinsalela zomqondo ovelele, kanye nezinqwaba zabanye, zilinde emigqeni emngcwabeni, ohlelelwe uMashi.
NgoFebhuwari, amaJalimane antshontsha umkakhe nendodakazi yakhe yombhali abamba, ePoland. Lapho bebuyela emaphethelweni abo okungomdabu, omakhelwane wangaphambili banikela umfazi isimangaliso ezintabeni ezisindile zomlobi. Lapho kuphathwa iMargarita yathola iphepha elisongwe ngokuqinile kulotshiwe:
"Ungabheki iminonjana yami kulomhlaba. Ngikulindile ezulwini. I-Ariel yakho.Kuze kube namuhla, abendlu yezingoboshini abatholanga indawo yokungcwaba yombhali. Kuyaziwa ukuthi i-Marble Stele eKazan Cemetery isungulwe yi-vault yenoveli ethi "gxuma ngeze." U-Alexander Romanovich Muse, ethola umngani womngane esizeni, osebhale ngosuku olulodwa nesithandwa sakhe, wabeka itshe lesikhumbuzo esingokomfanekiso eceleni kwakhe, okubonisa incwadi evulekile ne-Goose Feather.
UBelleaeva wabizwa ngokuthi umsebenzi wasekhaya oyiqiniso, kodwa, naphezu kwako konke ukuxabana kwalokhu kuqhathaniswa okunjalo, wayesengumlobi ohlukile, okwangempela, futhi kukhulu, akufani nanoma ngubani, amashumishumi eminyaka asathanda izizukulwane eziningi zabafundi.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1913 - "Ukukhwela kuVesuvius"
- Ngo-1926 - "INkosi Yomhlaba"
- 1926 - Isiqhingi Semikhumbi Efile "
- 1926 - "Noma Impilo, Noma Ukufa"
- Ngo-1928 - "Indoda ye-Amphibian"
- Ngo-1928 - "Isinkwa Saphakade"
- Ngo-1933 - "Eqa ngeze"
- Ngo-1934 - "Umkhumbi Womoya"
- Ngo-1937 - "Inhloko kaProfesa Doweel"
- Ngo-1938 - "Isilwa Esinezimpondo"
- 1939 - "I-Witch Castle"
- Ngo-1939 - "Ngaphansi kwekhanda le-arctic"
- 1940 - "Umuntu owathola ubuso bakhe"
- 1941 - "Ariel"
- Ngo-1967 - "Ngibona konke, ngizwa konke, ngazi konke"