I-Biograge
Ngo-1874, umcimbi ovule inkathi entsha ekupendweni kwenzeka eParis. Iqembu labadwebi obuhle, abakhathele ngokulondolozwa kwemibuthano ebusayo yezwe laseFrance yobuciko, bakhombisa umsebenzi wakhe embukisweni ozimele wabantu abazimele. Ngemuva kwalokho, kanye nabadwebi yi-Claude Monet kanye no-Edgar Degas, imidwebo yabeka imidwebo yesithombe sezwe sika-Auguste Renoir.Ubuntwana nentsha
UPierre Auguste Renoir wazalwa ngoFebhuwari 25, 1841. Idolobha lasekhaya lalisentshonalanga nentshonalanga yeFrance yeCommune of Limoges. Lo mculi wayeyingane yesithupha evela ezinganeni eziyisikhombisa zabampofu uLeonard nomkakhe, umkakhe uMargarita. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umkhaya unciphise ukuphela kweziphetho, abazali babamba isikhathi futhi bathande ukubambezela ukunakwa nobumnene benzalo yabo ngayinye.
Ngiseyingane, uPierre wayengumfana onovalo futhi ojabulisayo, kodwa uLeonard noMargarita babenozwela ngezingane. Ubaba wabuza indodana yakhe ukuthi i-augus idonswe ngamapensela nezimbobo zemishini, futhi umama - lapho ependa ezindongeni zendlu. Ngo-1844, uRetuara wathuthela eParis. Lapha u-Auguste wangena ekwakhiweni kwesonto ngesonto elikhulu le-Saint-estash.
URegent Choral uCharles Guno, esezwile ukuculwa kuka-Auguste, amasonto ambalwa azama ukukholisa abazali ukuba banikeze umlobi we- "ntombazane ongumculo" eSikoleni Somculo. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yalokho, uPierre umhlaba ongekho emthethweni wemisindo ekhethwayo. ULeonard wanikeza indlalifa kwifektri yabafowethu bakwaLevi wabandakanyeka ekwenziweni kwemikhiqizo evela e-porcelain, lapho ineminyaka engu-13 ubudala. Lapho, umfana wafunda ukudweba, ukuhlobisa amapuleti, amabhodwe namaveni ngezithombe ezazivela ngaphansi kwebhulashi lakhe.
Lapho ngo-1858, inkampani yagibela, i-renoir encane, iyofuna eminye imithombo yemali engenayo, ipendiwe izindonga ze-cafe, izimpumputhe namakhaleni, ikopisha umsebenzi we-rococo - abaculi be-Antoone, uJean Onogor kanye noFrancois Bush. Ngokwezingcweti zezimbali, lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kwathonya ubuqambi obulandelayo wesheduli.
Kwakuyimisebenzi ye-XVIII Century Masters ivuselelwa ngumlobi we- "Rosa" othandweni lwemibala egqamile nemigqa engenangqondo. Ngokushesha u-Auguste wabona ukuthi izifiso zakhe zazisondele kakhulu njengengxenye yomsebenzi wokulingisa. Ngo-1862, wangena esikoleni sobuciko obunomusa. Umeluleki wakhe wawungumculi waseSwitzerland uGabriel Charles Gleir, wanamathela ekwakhiweni kwemidwebo ngesiko lokufunda.
Ngokwalesi siko, imisebenzi ibhalwe kuphela esisusa esingokomlando noma esinganekwaneni, futhi imibala emnyama kuphela eyadlula ePhalette Ebonakalayo. I-canvas enjalo ye-jury ye-salon yathatha umbukiso osemthethweni wonyaka, owanikeza ithuba lokuzithiba labo abaqala abadwebi. Ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa kweRenuara e-Academy, kwabizwa isigcawu ezweni laseFrance.
Abaculi beBarbizon School of Painting baye bavezwa ngokwengeziwe ezimweni zabo zokuphila kwansuku zonke besebenzisa umdlalo wokukhanya nesithunzi. Futhi, iqiniso elidumile likaGustave Kourbe kubo bonke bathi umsebenzi wabadwebi ukukhombisa okungokoqobo, futhi hhayi izigcawu ezifanelekile kwisitayela sezemfundo. URenoir, kanye nabangane bakhe - abafundi bakaClaude Monet no-Alfred Sisley, babazi ngemizwa yokuguqula ibuse emoyeni.
Lapho uComrades aqoke isikhundla sabo, ngesikhathi samakilasi, ngaphandle kwemvume kaGleira, aphumela ngaphandle waqala ukudweba into evulekile ezungezwe. Okokuqala, abaculi be-novice bafika eFontaineblebleau Forest. Le ndawo iminyaka engama-20 ephefumlelwe tusered fieldiast ukubhala imisebenzi yobuciko. Lapho, uRenoir wahlangana noZhake Gustaven Kurbia, ithonya lawo libonakala esithombeni sika-1866 "Kharchevny Mame Antoni". I-canvas ekhombisa ukungafani, indawo yempilo yansuku zonke yaba uphawu lokwehluleka kuka-Auguste kusuka kusiko lokufunda.
Ukupenda
Ukuvuthwa kwe-Creative kuza ku-Impressions ngasikhathi sinye - ngokuqala kwama-70s, okuthunyelwe ekuqaleni kweminyaka eyishumi engcono ebulewabo.Izithelo ezithela kakhulu ezazisekupheleni kwezobuciko zikaRenuara: "Umlando womndeni", "Pont Nevel", "POTELL", "I-Lodge", "ikhanda labesifazane", "amakhanda amakhulu "" Hamba "," Swing "," Ball in Le Moulin de La Gaette "," Ukusuka Kokuqala "," ukudabula kuqala "," Dansa edolobheni lakho "," umdanso we-chocolate "," "Izambulela", "ethafeni", "ama-bhukudi amakhulu", "ibhulakufesi lama-rowers" alilona uhlu oluphelele lobuciko olwenziwe ngo-Auguste ngalesi sikhathi.
Akabulawa yibuningi kuphela, kepha futhi nohlobo lomsebenzi ongamangazayo. Nazi izindawo zomhlaba, zisezimpilo, futhi zinqunu imvelo, kanye nemidwebo, nezigcawu zasekhaya. Kunzima kunoma yimuphi wabo ukuthi anikeze okuthandayo. Ku-Renuara, zonke izixhumanisi zeketanga elilodwa, okwenziwe kwawo okuphilayo, ukugeleza kwempilo.
Ibhulashi lakhe, nakancane ngaphandle kokusinda ekulweni neqiniso, ngokukhululeka okumangazayo, kwavela intombazane engaphawuleki yaba ngunkulunkulukazi wepeni. Le khwalithi ibonakalisa emsebenzini kaRenora cishe kusukela kokuqala kwezinyathelo zakhe zobuciko, njengoba kufakazelwa isithombe "phansi" (igama lesibili - "ukubhukuda kuSeine").
Umuzi wakhe wakhonza ukuphumula okuhle emabhange omfula umphakathi, ubuhle bosuku olunelanga, ukukhanya kwesiliva kwamanzi nomoya oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. I-Wallowter yangaphandle ayizange ihlanganyele eRenoara. Wayefuna ukungabi muhle, kepha ngokwemvelo. Ukufeza lokhu, uMdali washiya ukuhunyushwa kwendabuko kokwakheka, okunikeza umsebenzi umbono othathwe ngokushesha.
Kuma-80s, uRenoire wayesebenza ngesidingo esikhethekile. UPierre wabhala izithombe zabaxhasi kanye nabanikazi bezitolo abacebile. I-canvas yakhe yaboniswa eLondon, eBrussels, kanye nasembukisweni wesikhombisa wezizwe zaseParis.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
URenoir wayethanda abesifazane, futhi bamphendula babuyisa. Uma siklelisa abadwebi abathandekayo, sinikeze isitifiketi esifushane esingokomlando salowo nalowo, uhlu luzoba yivolumu enesisindo. Ama-simulators asebenza nalo mculi athi u-Auguste akakaze ashade. Umlingisi odumile we-postraitist, umlingisi uZhanna Samari, uthe uPierre ngokuthinta ibhulashi kwi-canvas kuhlanganiswe nomshado nabesifazane ababhala bona.
Kwethulwa inkazimulo njengomgcini wethalente, uRenoir maphakathi nawo-1890s wajoyina isigaba esisha sempilo yakhe. Inkosikazi eyayihlala isikhathi eside ka-Augusta - ULisa Treo washada washiya umculi. UPierre waqala walahlekelwa yintshiseko kancane ekuboniseni ubusuku, ebuya kusebenza ku-Classics. Kwakunjalo ngalesi sikhathi umbhali womdwebo "woMdanso" wahlangana neBloshwear Alina Sharigo, eyaba ngumkakhe.
UPierre wahlangana nonkosikazi wesikhathi esizayo eDairy Madame Kamil. Naphezu komehluko wobudala (uSharigo wayengumyeni omncane iminyaka engama-20), efisa ukuhlangana komunye nomunye noRenuara no-Alina abakwazanga ukuqashelwa. Intokazi esencane esonge kahle, ngokusho komculi, yayipholile kakhulu.
Wayefuna ukucheba emuva njalo njengekati. Ekudwebeni, le ntombazane ayizange iqonde, kepha ukubheka ukuthi uPierre Whales Wokugoqa kanjani, wathola umuzwa othokozisayo ojabulisayo wokuphelela. U-Alina, owayazi iLoti futhi ekhishini elihle, futhi usekhishini elihle, waba umfazi omuhle kulo mculi (yize angena emshadweni osemthethweni oneminyaka emihlanu kuphela, ngemuva kokuzalwa kwendodana yokuqala kaJean).
Akaze azame ukuzibandakanya esizungeze umyeni wakhe, akhetha ukuveza isimo sakhe sengqondo ngenxa yabathandekayo nabangane bakhe ngezitsha eziphekiwe. Kuyaziwa ukuthi lapho abathandi behlala kuMontmartre, iRenoara House, enezimali ezinomkhawulo, zezwa abatholi kakhulu. Izivakashi zazivame ukuphathwa ngenyama ebilisiwe ngemifino.
Njengoba esephenduke umculi, u-Alina wakwazi ukwenza lula impilo yakhe, athambe udale uMdali kubo konke okungavimba umsebenzi wakhe. USharigo washeshe wazuza inhlonipho yendawo yonke. Ngisho nesikhumbuzo sikaDegas, simbona kanye embukisweni, wathi u-Alina unjengendlovukazi evakashele ama-acrobatis. Kuyaziwa ukuthi, ukushada noSharigo, umbhali 'wodadeweli ababili "imidwebo evame ukungenela ukusondela okusondelene nabalingisi bakhe.
Kuliqiniso, konke lokhu okokufaka kwe-carnel nothando lwezothando akuzange kusongele isikhundla seMadame Reloir, ngoba wayengunina wezingane zakhe (amadodana kaPierre, uClaude noJean azalwa emshadweni), umninikhaya endlini yakhe nalowo akazange asuke ePierre lapho egula. Ngo-1897, ngenxa yezinkinga ngemuva kokuqhekeka kwesandla, impilo yabadwebi yawohloka kakhulu. Umculi wahlushwa yi-rheumatism, kodwa, ngisho nokuboshwa esihlalweni sabakhubazekile, waqhubeka nokwakha ubuciko obusha.
Umholi wokugeleza kwe-Flovist Henri Matisse, owayehlala njalo evakashele efeniwe kabusha eRenoire efeni lakhe, kanye, engazibambisi, ebuza ngokusebenza komsebenzi onzima ohambisana nobuhlungu obunjalo obunzima. Lapho-ke u-Auguste, anginqikazi okwesibili, ngiphendule umngani ukuthi izinhlungu abhekene nazo zizodlula, futhi ubuhle obudalwa buyosala.
Ukushona
Eminyakeni yamuva, izihloko ezifanayo ziye zahlukahluka emisebenzini yaseRenuara: ama-swindi, ama-oomalist, izibalo ezingokomfanekiso kanye nemifanekiso yezingane. Kumculi, lezi zithombe zaziwukuqokwa komusha, ubuhle nempilo. ILanga eliseningizimu le-Provence, ukuheha kwabesifazane, ubuso obuhle bengane - kubo ngangifaka "isixha" somlobi wenjabulo yokuba yintokozo, lokho anikezela ubuciko bakhe.Impi yezwe yokuqala yaphula inkambo evamile yesheduli. Ngakho-ke, kusukela kokuhlangenwe nakho kwamadodana ahamba ngaphambili, umngane womshado ka-Alina wamangala ngokuzumayo. Njengoba esengumfelokazi, ohlushwa izifo nendlala, u-Auguste, ngenxa yomlingiswa wakhe, azange zenqabe ubuhlakani, hhayi ukubhekelwa phansi ngobukhulu beqiniso elizungezile. Lapho iqiniso lalingasenalo lokudla ngobuhlakani, washelela ugqozi kuma-simulators nasensimini, eshiswe emthambekeni we-chill.
Umdaba odumile wafelwa yi-pneumonia ngoDisemba 3, 1919, waba nesikhathi sokuqeda umsebenzi wakhe wokugcina "namanje - impilo no-anemonia". Indoda eneminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa ubudala ngaphambi kokuhlaselwa kokugcina yahlala ingumthandi ongaguquki welanga nenjabulo yabantu. Manje imisebenzi yeRenora ihlotshiswe ngegalari yaseYurophu.
Umsebenzi
- Ngo-1869 - "Phansi"
- Ngo-1877 - "Imidwebo kaZhanna Samari"
- Ngo-1877 - "Ukuhamba kokuqala"
- Ngo-1876 - "Ball in Moulin de La Gaette"
- 1880 - "Izibalo engadini"
- 1881 - "Ukudla kwasekuseni okugoqayo"
- Ngo-1883 - "Dansa ku-Buval"
- 1886 - "Izambulela"
- Ngo-1887 - "Ukubhukuda okukhulu"
- Ngo-1889 - "Bratka"
- 1890 - "Amantombazane aseMeadow"
- Ngo-1905 - "Ukubukwa kwaseduzane naseZanoni"
- Ngo-1911 - "UGabriel ngoRose"
- 1913 - "Inkantolo yaseParis"
- 1918 - "Odalisk"