I-Biograge
USuleIman I - Okweshumi of Sultan Ottoman Umbuso - wanikeza amandla embuso yakhe engakaze ubonwe. Umnqobi omkhulu waduma njengombhali wemithetho ohlakaniphile, umsunguli wezikole ezintsha kanye nomqalisi wokwakhiwa kwemingcele yezakhiwo.
Ngo-1494 (ngokweminye imibiko - ngo-1495), i-Turkish Sultan Selim Mina nendodakazi kaCrimean Khan Aishi hafs yanendodana eyayimiselwe ukunqoba iPolimir futhi iguqule izwe lakubo.
I-Sultan Sultan Suleman yesikhathi esizayo ngithole imfundo egqamile ngesikhathi sesikole sasePalace e-Istanbul, ubuntwana kanye nentsha yabamba ukufunda izincwadi nemikhuba engokomoya. Kusukela esemncane, abantu abasha bebephethe izindaba zokuphatha, ukuqoka izifundazwe ezintathu ngombusi, kubandakanya nase-VASSAL CRIMAN KHANATE. Ngisho nangaphambi kokukhuphuka esihlalweni sobukhosi, uSuleman osemusha wawina uthando nokuhlonishwa kwabahlali baka-Ottoman.
Ukuqala kwebhodi
USuleIman uthathe isihlalo sobukhosi ngesikhathi eneminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-26. Ukuvela kokuvela kombusi omusha ongokwethu kwe-perian inxusa laseVenetian Bartolomeo Contarini, wangena encwadini edumile ye-English Kinross "ukuwohloka kombuso wase-Ottoman" eTurkey:
"Phezulu, unamandla, ngenkulumo emnandi yobuso. Intamo yakhe isikhashana nje kunokujwayelekile, ubuso bumncane, ikhala lingukhozi. Isikhumba sivame ukweqisa ngokweqile. Basho ukuthi uyinkosi ehlakaniphile, futhi bonke abantu banethemba lokubusa kwakhe okuhle. "Futhi uSuleIman ekuqaleni unethemba lokuthi kufanelekile. Waqala ngezenzo ezinobuntu - wabuyisa inkululeko emakhulu ezithunjwa ezazitholwe eqoqweni elivela emindenini emihle yezifundazwe ethunjwe nguYise. Kwasizwa ukubuyisela ubudlelwano bokuhweba namazwe.
Ijabule ngokukhethekile ngokwezinto ezintsha zabaseYurophu, ngethemba umhlaba wesikhathi eside, kodwa, njengoba kwenzeka, ekuqaleni. Kucatshangelwe futhi kulungile ekuqaleni nje, umbusi waseTurkey wayesahlikihla iphupho lenkazimulo yezempi.
Inqubomgomo yakwelinye izwe
Ekupheleni kweBhodi, i-Milieal Biography yaseSuleIman ngabala imikhankaso emikhulu yamasosha ayi-13, lapho imikhankaso enqobayo eyi-10 eyayinqobayo - eYurophu. Futhi lokhu akubali ukubala amahlaseli amancane. UMbuso Wase-Ottoman akakaze abe namandla kangako: Izwe lakhe lelulele e-Algeria liya e-Iran, eGibhithe futhi licishe liye embundwini waseVienna. Ngaleso sikhathi, ibinzana elithi "Turks esangweni" laba yinqaba eyethusayo eyesabekayo kwabaseYurophu, futhi umbusi wase-Ottoman waqhathaniswa nomphik 'ukristu.
Ngemuva konyaka ngemuva kokukhuphuka, uSuleIman waya emingceleni yeHungary. Ngaphansi kwengcindezi yamasosha aseTurkey wawela inqaba ye-shabat. Ukunqoba kwaphonswa ngenxa yobuningi - ama-Osmans asungule ukulawula uLwandle Olubomvu, i-Algeria, iTunisia kanye neRhodes Island, anqotshwa i-Tabriz ne-Iraq.
Ulwandle Olumnyama kanye nengxenye esempumalanga yeMedithera yenzeke ebalazweni elikhulayo ngokushesha umbuso. Ngokuzithoba kukaSultan kwakunguHungary, iSlavonia, iTravonia, iBosnia neHerzegovina. Ngo-1529, umbusi waseTurkey wafungelwa e-Austria, eshaya impi yamasosha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-120 enhloko-dolobha yawo. Kodwa-ke, ubhubhane oluthatha ingxenye yesithathu yamabutho ase-Ottoman yasizwa yiVienna. Ukuvinjezelwa kwakufanele kususwe.
Emazweni aseRussia kuphela, uSuleIman akazange azame ngokungathi sína, acabangele iRussia isifundazwe sezithulu esingabizi imizamo nokusebenzisa imali. Ama-Osmans ngezikhathi ezithile ahlela ukuhlasela ngobunikazi bezwe laseMoscow, iCrimeach Khan yaze yafinyelela enhlokodolobha, kepha umkhankaso omkhulu wenziwa.
Ekupheleni kokubusa kweNkosi efuna ukuvelela, uMbuso Wase-Ottoman waphenduka esimweni esikhulu kunazo zonke futhi esiqine emlandweni wezwe lamaSulumane. Kodwa-ke, izehlakalo zamasosha zikhathele umgcinimafa - ngokusho kokulinganisa, okuqukethwe yibutho kusuka kwamasosha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-200, lapho izigqila, khona lapho izigqila, ama-Yanychar, zidla izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zesabelomali soMbuso wezikhathi zokuthula.
Ezombusazwe zasekhaya
USuleIman hhayi ngeze wathola igama lesidlaliso elimangalisayo: Impilo kambusi igcwele izimpumelelo zezempi, uSultan waphumelela ezindabeni zangaphakathi zoMbuso. Emiyalweni yakhe, ijaji u-Ibrahim livela e-Aleppo livuselela inkantolo yemithetho, eyayisebenza ngekhulu lamashumi amabili. Ukusebenzisa ukulimala kanye nesigwebo sentambo kwehlele ubuncane, yize izigebengu zibanjwe ngamanga ngemali nemibhalo, i-mzomoti kanye ne-perjury, namanje alahlekelwe amabhulashi awo esandleni sokudla.
Umbusi ohlakaniphile weHulumeni, lapho kugcotshwa khona abamele izinkolo ezahlukahlukene, bekubhekwa njengokudingekile ukwenza buthaka ingcindezi yeShararia futhi bazama ukudala imithetho yezwe. Kepha ingxenye yezinguquko ayizange yenzeke ngenxa yezimpi zaphakade.
Ushintshe waba ngcono nohlelo lwemfundo: Izikole zamabanga aphansi zaqala ukuvela ngokulandelana, futhi iziqu, uma zifisa, zaqhubeka nokuthola ulwazi emasokweni amakhulu ayisishiyagalombili.
Ngenxa yeSultan, ifa lezakhiwo ligcwaliswa ngemisebenzi yobuciko. Ngokwemidwebo yokwakhiwa othandekayo, iSininana yakha ama-s mosque amathathu ama-chic - selimia, uShehzade neSuleymania (ngobukhulu besibili ngobukhulu enhlokodolobha yaseTurkey), eyaba yisampula yesitayela se-Ottoman.
USuleIman wahlukaniswa ithalente lezinkondlo, ngakho-ke ubuhlakani obubhaliwe abunandaba. Ngesikhathi sokubusa kwakhe, izinkondlo ze-Ottoman ezinamasiko asePheresiya zaphonswa ekupheleleni. Ngasikhathi sinye, kwavela isikhundla esisha - umlando wesigqi, wathathwa yizimbongi, ezingene kwizinkondlo zezehlakalo zamanje.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
I-SuleIman I, ngaphezu kwezinkondlo, yayithanda ubucwebe obuthanda ubucwebe, bezwa iBlacksmith enekhono futhi ngisho nezibhamu zomuntu ezintanjeni zamasosha.
Bangaki abesifazane ababeseSultan Harem, abangaziwa. Izazi-mlando ziyazi kuphela mayelana nezintandokazi ezisemthethweni ezazizala uSuleIman. Ngo-1511, isancinza sokuqala sendlalifa eneminyaka engu-17 ubudala esihlalweni sobukhosi saba fyulana. Indodana yakhe uMahmoud babulawa yingxibongo, ngaphandle kokusinda iminyaka eyishumi. Le ntombazane yanyamalala ezinzuzo zempilo yasesigodlweni cishe ngokushesha ngemuva kokufa kwengane.
UGulfem Hatun, isancinza sesibili, futhi wethule lokho okuhlwanyelwe kumbusi, ubhubhane lwasebukhosini lwasebukweni. Owesifazane ukhishwe eSultan, isigamu sekhulu saqhubeka nomngane wakhe nomeluleki wakhe. Ngo-1562, i-gulfem ngemiyalo kaSolulan eyakhiwe.
Intandokazi yesithathu yayisondela esimweni somfazi osemthethweni wombusi - Makhividervran-Sultan. Iminyaka engama-20, kwaba nethonya elikhulu eHarem nasesigodlweni, kodwa wehluleka ukudala umndeni osemthethweni noSultan. Ushiye inhloko-dolobha yombuso kanye nendodana kaPhatafa, oqokwe ngumbusi wangomunye wezifundazwe. Kamuva, indlalifa esihlalweni sobukhosi yabulawa ngenxa yokuthi izinsolo zokuthi zazizogumbuqela uYise.
Uhlu lwabesifazane uSuleIman luyamangalisa ikhanda. Intandokazi yezimpande zeSlavic, uRoksolana, ovela eGalicia, njengoba kwabizwa e-Europe, kwamhlaba umxhwele umbusi: USultan wamnika inkululeko yawo, wabe eseqedwa ngabafazi bezomthetho - umshado wenkolo waqedwa ngo-1534.
Igama lesidlaliso le-Hurrem ("Laming") iRoksolana yathola intukuthelo ejabulisayo nama-smoothies. UMdali weHarem esigodlweni seTopkapi, umsunguli wezinhlangano ezinomusa eziphefumulelwe abaculi nababhali, yize bengafani ngokubukeka okuhle - izihloko zazisa ingqondo kanye necebo lansuku zonke.
URoksolana wakhombisa ngekhono umyeni wakhe, ngesikhombi sakhe, uSultan wasusa amadodana azalwe abanye abafazi, wasola futhi enonya. URurem wabeletha indodakazi uMihrima namadodana amahlanu.
Kulaba, ngemuva kokufa kukaYise, uMbuso waholwa nguSelim, nokho, owayengahlukaniswa ngethalente elivelele le-autocrat, owayethanda ukuphuza nokuhamba. Ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaSelim, umbuso wase-Ottoman waqala ukuphela. Uthando lukaSuleIman aluphelanga kuCheurrem eminyakeni edlule, ngemuva kokushona komkayo, umbusi waseTurkey akazange ahambe kakhudlwana ngaphansi komqhele.
Ukushona
USultan, obeka amadolo akhe, amazwe anamandla afe, njengoba yena uqobo efisa, empini. Kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuvinjezelwa kweNqaba yaseHungary ye-Sigtaur. U-Suleyman oneminyaka engu-71 ubudala isikhathi eside ahlushwa yi-gout, lesi sifo saqhubeka, futhi ngisho nokugibela ihhashi selivele linobunzima.
Washona ekuseni ngoSepthemba 6, 1566, futhi ngaphandle kokuhlala amahora ambalwa esiphepho esinqumayo senqaba. Abagcinayo babodokotela babulase ngokushesha ngalolo lwazi ngokufa bebengafinyeleli amabutho, okuthi ekushiseni kokudumazeka okungavusa umbuso. Kungemva nje kwendlalifa esihlalweni sobukhosi uSelim wafaka amandla e-Istanbul, amaqhawe afunda ngokufa kweNkosi.
Ngokwenganekwane, uSolulan wezwa ukuphela okusondelayo futhi waveza okokugcina uyoba yinduna. Isicelo sencazelo yefilosofi yefilosofi namuhla saziwa yiwo wonke umuntu: USultan ucele ukungavali izandla zakhe enhlanganweni yomngcwabo - wonke umuntu kufanele abone ukuthi umcebo oqongelelwe uhlala kulomhlaba, futhi ngisho nengcebo eqoqiwe yoMbuso omuhle kakhulu , ihamba ngezandla ezingenalutho.
Enye inganekwane ixhumeke ngokufa kombusi waseTurkey. Kusolwa ukuthi wasusa isidumbu, futhi izitho zangaphakathi ezivelele zabekwa esitsheni segolide zashiswa endaweni yokufa kwakhe. Manje kukhona ama-mausoleums nama-mosque. Izinsalela zikaSouleman ziphumule emathuneni aseSque yaseSulimania ezakhiwe nguYe, eduze neROXOLANA MAUSOLEM.
Ukukhumbula
Abaculi abambalwa kanye nemibhalo ekhuluma ngempilo yeSuleIman I. Uchungechunge oluthi "Ikhulu Elikhulu Lwekhulu" lwaluvikelwe ngokuvikelwa kweHarem Frings, okwakubona ukukhanya ngo-2011. Endimeni yoMbusi we-Ottoman, uKhalit Ergech, ongumsebenzi wakhe uzwakala ngisho nangesithombe.
Lesi sithombe esidalwe ngumlingisi sibonwa njengesibonakaliso esihle kakhulu segunya leSultan e-cinema. Izancinza kanye nenkosikazi yombusi kudlala i-merry primelli, umlingisi nezimpande zaseJalimane - zaseTurken, nazo, zikwazile ukudlulisa izici eziphambili zeCherrere - Ukushesha kanye Nobuqotho.
Izincwadi
- "USuleIman mkhulu. I-sultan enkulu kunazo zonke zoMbuso Wase-Ottoman. 1520-1566 ", IWundlu
- "SuleIman. I-Sultan East, "iWundlu
- "USultan Suleman noRoksolana. Uthando lwaphakade ngezinhlamvu, amavesi, amadokhumenti ... "Proses of the Great.
- Uchungechunge lwezincwadi "Kakhulu Century", N. Pavlischev
- "Iminyaka emangalisayo ye-SuleIman noHurrem-Sultan", P. J. Parker
- "Ubukhulu nokuwa koMbuso Wase-Ottoman. Imisindo engangabamangali ", i-goodwin jason, amabhola m
- "Roksolana, indlovukazi yasempumalanga", O. Nazaruk
- "Harem", B. Okuncane
- "Ukuqhakaza nokwehla koMbuso Wase-Ottoman", L. Kinross
Amafilimu
- 1996 - "Roksolana"
- 2003 - "URhrem Sultan"
- Ngo-2008 - "Ukufuna Iqiniso. I-Roksolana: indlela enegazi esihlalweni sobukhosi "
- 2011 - "Ikhulu Elimangalisayo"
Ubungcweti bokwakhiwa kwezindlu
- Mosque suleymariania
- Mosque nguSusrem Sultan
- Mosque shehzade
- Ama-selimium mosquium