I-Biograge
Ama-forties emakhulwini eminyaka angu-XX abhalwe eRussia hhayi ngempi enkulu kakhulu negazi kuwo wonke umlando wokuba khona komuntu, kodwa futhi namaqhawe abantu. Ngokukhumbula kwalezo zikhathi, ngaphandle kwezikhumbuzo nangosizi, saqhubeka nezinkondlo kanye nezindawo zababhali baseRussia zesikhathi sangemva kwempi, ezazibonakala zingaphakathi kobuhlungu bezwe elichithiwe.Ubuntwana nentsha
UDavid Samooov uyi-pseudonym yembongi yaseRussia, umhumushi wemvelaphi yamaJuda kaDavid Samuilovich Kaufman. UDavid Samuilovich wazalelwa eMoscow, ngoJuni 1, 1920. USamuel Abramovich Kaufman, uBaba David, wayengumbuso weVenerologist odumile waseMoscow. Egameni likababa, i-pseudonym yembongi - uDavid Samooov. Imfundo ephakeme yale nsizwa eyayitholwa eMoscow Institute of Filosophy, izincwadi nomlando.
Ngo-1939, ukuba ngumfundi wezifundo ezi-2, uDavide wayefuna ukushiya amavolontiya abheke phambili kwempi yaseFinland, kodwa engakwazi ukuthola impilo (kweminye imithombo isizathu esenzelwe inganele yensizwa). Kwa-1941, uDavide wawela phezu kwabasebenzi bempi enkulu yokuthanda izwe. Imbongi yesikhathi esizayo iyinhlanzi esifundeni seSmolensk, idolobha laseVyazma. Lapho, impilo ye-Samooov yabambi kakhulu, futhi le nsizwa yathunyelwa ingemuva edolobheni lase-Uzbek laseSamarkand. E-Uzbekistan, insizwa yaqhubeka nemfundo egatsheni lakusihlwa lesikhungo se-pedagogical.
Ngemuva kwe-Pedigree, uDavide wangena esikoleni sezempi - esikoleni, kepha akakwazanga ukukuqeda. Ngo-1942, kwafika insizwa ngaphambili, esifundeni saseLeningrad, edolobheni laseTikhvin. Ngokubuyiselwa konyaka owodwa, uDavide uthole ukulimala okungathi sína - isiqephu sezimayini salimala isandla sakhe. Kwenzekile epheshana le-carbusel, Mashi 23, 1943. UDavid, ukuba ngumdlali wezibhamu, wagqekeza ithuba lokujika kwesitha kwangedwa acekele phansi izitha ezintathu ekulweni nakwezandla. Ngesibindi ekuhlaselweni nasekuhlaselweni okuphelele kwe-Samooov kwathola indondo "ngesibindi".
Ngemuva konyaka, ngoMashi 1944, isoshi elinesibindi labuya futhi ohlelweni, manje ohlwini lwe-Belarusian ngaphambili nasesimweni se-Efreitor, lapho kusebenza khona ingxenye yengxenye. NgoNovemba 1944, i-Samoicov yathola enye indondo - "ngokufanele kwezempi". Kakade ngemuva kokuphela kwempi, ngoJuni 1945, iSamoyv yanikezwa umklomelo wesithathu - umyalo wenkanyezi ebomvu yokuthwebula i-nonter-off, owanikeza imininingwane ebalulekile kubuhlakani beSoviet.
Imbongi yadlula yonke impi, yalimala, imiklomelo emithathu, yabamba iqhaza ezimpini zeBerlin - Kuyiqiniso, impi ishiye umbono emphefumulweni wale ndoda enkulu, kamuva eyaba nemikhondo.
Into yokufunda
Ukushicilelwa kokuqala kwemisebenzi yenkondlo kwenzeka ngo-1941, ngaphansi kwegama langempela lomlobi - UDavid Kaufman, iqoqo labizwa ngokuthi "ukuthuthuka kukaMammoth." Ngesikhathi sezifundo zakhe e-Myyli Samooov, uSergey Sergeyevich Narovchadov Kulchitsky, boris abramovich slutsky, Pavlom Abramovich Slutsky, Pavlom Davydovich Kogan, onikezelwe kuPhem of Fid. Lababhali kamuva baqala ukubiza izimbongi zesizukulwane sezempi.
Ezinyangeni zokuqala, ngaphambili, uDavide wabhala izinkondlo zakhe ebhukwini incwadi yokubhalela, ngemuva kokunqoba, eziningi zazo zishicilelwe kumamagazini elokubhala. Ngesikhathi sempi enkulu yokuthanda izwe, i-Samoicov ayishicilelanga izinkondlo, ngaphandle kwenkondlo yesihlwali enikezelwe ku-Adolf Hitler.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, impilo ngaphambili yaphefumulela insizwa ngenkondlo esebenza ngempilo yamasosha ngesimo sesithombe esihlangene esibizwa nge-foma maspelselsen. Lezi zinkondlo zanyatheliswa emaphephandabeni endawo, zikhuthazayo, zifaka ukholo nethemba lokunqoba kwamanye amasosha. Inkondlo edumile kunazo zonke kaDavid Samuilovich, enikezelwe empini, ibizwa nge- "Fortieth, Fatal ...". Iveza ingqikithi yempi evamile kanye nenkinga yesizukulwane sezempi. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye eSamoilov emsebenzini akuzange kuthinte izihloko zezepolitiki.
Ekupheleni kwempi, imbongi ithole izinguqulo futhi yabhala izimo zokusakazwa komsakazo. Ukuqashelwa kwemibhalo kwafika eSamoyallov kuphela ngo-1970, ngemuva kokukhululwa kweqoqo lezinkondlo ezibizwa nge- "Izinsuku". Ukuba nguDavid Samuelovich akazange ahole impilo yezwe emibuthanweni emibhalo, kodwa wakujabulela ukuxhumana noHeinrich Böllel, iBlat Okidzhava kanye nezinye izikhathi zesikhathi esinethalente.
Ngo-1972, le nkondlo "yakamuva yamaholide" yashicilelwa, lapho izinkathi ezahlukahlukene zomlando kanye namazwe ohambo lomlingiswa ophambili eJalimane ayakhiwa. Ngaphezu kwezihloko zamasosha nezomlando, kukhona izingoma ze-landscape ku-Samooov (ngokwesibonelo, inkondlo "ekwindla ebomvu") nemisebenzi yothando (beatrice). Izingoma zothando zembongi zembongi zizolile futhi zibanda ngokumangazayo, akukho zinkuluzo kuwo, isimilo salo hlobo. Imvamisa, ubuqambi be-Samolova ngokuqhathaniswa ne-pushkin: Kumagama kaDavid Samuilovich, i-pushkinism ikhona ngendlela yenganekwane yemvelo.
Ngaphezu kwezinkondlo zayo, imbongi ehunyushelwe imisebenzi ngababhali bakwamanye amazwe, babhala izimo zokudlala kwezemidlalo, izingoma zama-movie. Naphezu kwezihloko ezinkulu emsebenzini wembongi, wayevame ukushiwo njengababhali bezinkondlo kusukela ebuntwaneni. Izincwadi zezingane zikaSamoicov zabhalela kuma-80s ekhulu lamashumi amabili. Imisebenzi yezingane igcwele ubungqofu, uthando lwezwe kanye nabantu baseRussia.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ukubuyela eqhawe empini, uDavide washada no-Olga Lazarev Sareason ngo-1946. U-Olga wawungokomlando ngobuhlakani. I-biography ye-Poet Samoilov cishe ayikhulumi ngempilo yomuntu siqu kaDavid Samuilovich. Kuyaziwa ukuthi emshadweni uKaufmans wayenendodana ka-Alexander. U-Alexander Kaufman (u-Alexander Davydov's Pseududnym) wangena ezinyathelweni zikaYise, waba ngumhumushi kanye neprosese.
Kodwa-ke, emshadweni wokuqala, impilo yomndeni kaDavide ayizange isebenze. Imbongi yashada kaninginingi uGalina Ivanovna MedveDeve, emshadweni lapho uPeter azalelwa khona, uVarvara noPaul.
Izimfanelo zomuntu siqu ze-Samolova zakhumbula engxoxweni nendodana yakhe. UDavid Samuelovich wayengumuntu onesizotha, elula futhi enomuzwa omangalisayo wokuhlekisa. Emncane, uDavid waba negama lesidlaliso Dazik phakathi kwabangane abaseduze. Kuningi nge-Samoyov kusho idayari yomuntu siqu eyayinkondlo yaziphatha iminyaka engama-28 edlule yokuphila. Ngemuva kokufa kweprose nezinkondlo kusuka kudayari eshicilelwe ngokwengxenye.
Ukushona
Ngo-1974, uSamolov nomndeni wakhe bashiye uMoscow baya edolobheni lasePärnu (Estonia). Umndeni wawungathengwanga waze wathengwa yize imbongi ithenge isitezi sesibili sendlu. Ngokusho kwemvelo, imvelo ebumsulwa kanye norenenity Pärnu yandisa impilo yembongi okungenani iminyaka eminingana.
Yize i-Samoicov ayizange iveze imibono yezepolitiki, induku yeKomiti Yezokuphepha Yombuso we-USSR ihlala inakekela impilo nobuqambi be-Samoolov, kepha lokhu bekungacaci imbongi.
UDavid Samuilovich Kaufman walimaza iminyaka yokuphila, kodwa ukufa kwakhe kwaqala kwaqala. Imbongi yangoFebhuwari 23, 1990 yafa, edolobheni lasePärnu, esigabeni semidlalo yaseshashalazini, icashe ngomzuzwana ngemuva kwezigcawu futhi isho kahle ukuthi konke kuhamba kahle.
I-Bibliography
- 1958 - "Amazwe Aphakathi"
- Ngo-1961 - "Indlovu yayofunda"
- 1961 - "Indlu Museum"
- 1962 - "Ukukhanya Kwethrafikhi"
- Ngo-1963 - "Ukudlula kwesibili"
- 1970 - Izinsuku "
- 1972 - "I-Equinox"
- 1974 - "Wave and Stone"
- 1975 - "Ukugibela izinsuku zethu ..."
- 1978 - "Umlayezo"
- 1981 - "Bay"
- 1981 - "Imigqa Yezandla"
- 1981 - "I-Toming Street"
- 1983 - "Izikhathi"
- 1985 - "Amazwi amagquma"
- 1987 - "Le nkondlo mayinikeze"
- Ngo-1989 - "Izandla"
- 1989 - "Beatrice"
- 1990 - "I-Snowfall"