I-Biograge
I-Parmid isazi sefilosofi sasendulo samaGrikhi esikwazile ukuveza imibono yakhe ekubeni, uku-oda kwezwe kanye nencazelo ye-Human I-Foence form. Imibono nemibono ye-Parmemide yakha isisekelo sefilosofi njengesayensi, futhi imisebenzi yalo muntu isabangela inzalo kanye nezibuko ezishisayo phakathi kwalabo abanentshisekelo ngezinkinga zefilosofi.Ubuntwana nentsha
Imininingwane encane igcinwe nge-biography ye-parmemide. Kuyaziwa ukuthi isazi sefilosofi sivela kulowo okuthiwa yiGreece enhle (manje eseningizimu ye-Italy). Ngokwesinye isazi sefilosofi, uPlato, uParmidid wazalwa ngo-475 kuye esikhathini sethu edolobheni lase-Elee. Ngokwamanye ulwazi, umuntu ocabangayo wazalwa cishe ngo-540 kuya ku-Era yethu. Futhi thola imininingwane yokuthi uParmidid uqhamuka emndenini ophawulekayo futhi ovikelekile futhi wahlanganyela nabaphathi beDolobha.
Othisha beMcabangi wesikhathi esizayo kwakunguXenofan nase-Aminine. UParmid ngokuhaha uhlobisa imibono yabafundisi, kodwa wabakhumbula ngaphesheya kwentengo yombono wakhe, ehumusha ngendlela yawo. Lapho u-Amini eshonile, uParmidid, njengomfundi ozinikele, wamisa isazi sefilosofi ethuneni lamabutho akhe.
Ifilosofi
Izimfundiso zeParmenides zishiwo enkondlweni ngaphansi kwegama elithi "Emvelweni". Lo msebenzi omkhulu walala ngesisekelo se-Elais School of Filosophy. Ngeshwa, inkondlo ayigcinwa ngokuphelele. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi i-ntarmenid yaveza umbono wayo wokubuka enkomeni: umsebenzi ubhalwe nge-gecmeter.
Ingxenye yokuqala eyafika kumfundi wanamuhla ukungena okuyisibalo. Isenzo siqala ngeqiniso lokuthi i-Virgo enhle inikeze ama-por izingalo ukuze ahambe ngenqola. Le nqola iqala ukuthatha, kuveze ukunyuka komphefumulo womuntu esibhakabhakeni. Ngokushesha indlela ye-parmisemide iyaphela, futhi isazi sefilosofi siphambi kwamasango kuya kuNkulunkulu adonse.
Embundwini womuntu ocabangayo ulindele unkulunkulukazi omema uPamenis ukuthi aqhubeke ngaphakathi. UVirngo ongafi uzovula i-polosopher iqiniso eliphakeme kakhulu ngenjongo yabantu abafayo. Lapha, noma kunalokho ingxenye egciniwe, ihlukana.
Endimeni elandelayo, ukucabanga kwe-parmemide kumiswa ngokuba yikho. Isazi sefilosofi samelwa ukuba sesimweni sebhola. Lapha, imibono yabahumushi ihlukaniswe: Ngokusho kwenguqulo eyodwa, uParmenid wayengesilo ingxenye engokomzimba yokuba, kepha okuqukethwe ngokomoya. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ibhola emsebenzini wefilosofi libonisa uhlobo lomkhathi, njengoba umbhali amele khona. Kuhle futhi ukugcizelela ukuthi ekumeleleni kwamaGrikhi alesosikhathi ibhola kwakuwuphawu lokuhle nokuzwana.
Isakhiwo senkondlo siyaqhubeka nendaba kankulunkulukazi. I-Virgo enhle itshele umcabangi ukuthi ngokuba ngunaphakade, akakaze azalwe futhi, ngeke ayeke. Ukuba futhi kubonakaliswa yizici ezine: Ukuphelela, okwenziwe ngumzimba, ukungasebenzi nokuzanelisa. Noma yiluphi ushintsho olwenzeka ngaphakathi kokuba (okungukuthi, empilweni yomuntu olula), ungakhathazeki ngomongo wokuba. Ngamanye amagama, azikho izehlakalo ezibonakala sengathi abantu ababalulekile abaphazamisi ukuba yikho.
Eqinisweni, empeleni i-parmenid ifana nohlobo lwengxoxo nesazi sefilosofi herclite, okuthi, kunalokho, olandelwe ngombono wokuthi izifundo nanoma yiziphi izehlakalo zithinta umongo wazo, izimo eziguqukayo.
Alisondelene neParmeno nangomqondo wokubonakala kokuba yimali engenalutho. Isazi sefilosofi esibizwa ngokuthi imicabango efanayo engenangqondo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuntu ocabangayo aphikisa iphuzu lokubheka labo abakholwa ukuthi ukuba khona kwezwe akukhona. Kulokhu, uParmenid abhekwe, impilo yomuntu, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokuzama ukuqonda umhlaba akunangqondo. Kuyafaneleka ukukhokha isazi sefilosofi - ngokungafani nezikhathi eziningi, i-parmenid umbono ngamunye waqiniswa namaqiniso nobufakazi.
Isitatimende sefilosofi sisuselwa kakhulu ekuphikisweni. Esikhathini esiningi, i-parmemid igcizelela ukuthi imibono yabantu ejwayelekile ibhekene neqiniso eliphakeme kakhulu, elingavunyelwe ukufa. UGenesise enkondlweni uphikisana nomqondo wesidingo. Isidingo ukuthi akuvumeli ukuba siyeke khona futhi sisebenzise ukungabikhona.
Kufilosofi yanamuhla, i-parmenid ibhekwa njengomsunguli wokuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo. Kodwa-ke, indlela umuntu ocabangayo akhetha ukwethula imibono yakhe ibonakala ingajwayelekile: ukuya eParmemide akekho uFilosopher wabhala amavesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akekho noyedwa futhi wasebenzisa izinsolo eziyimfihlakalo nezithombe zonkulunkulu.
Izimfundiso zeParmemide zakha umfundi wefilosofi uZenon Elayky. Lo mcabangi wahola ama-36 okuthiwa aporis (ukuphikisana), okubonisa imibono ye-parmemide mayelana nokuba. Kube nokuphikisana no-Achille nofudu, oluthi: "U-Achilles, owayeke waya endaweni ethile kamuva, ufudu ngeke lukwazi ukukuthola, ngoba ufudu luzohlukaniswa nebanga.
Ngezimfundiso ze-parmenides ekubeni uvame ukuqhathanisa imibono enjalo yesazi sefilosofi - Demonotus, okuyinto, ngokungafani ne-pormemide, ebhekwa njengebuhlobo be-athomu ehlukene phakathi.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Akukho lwazi olugcinwe ngempilo yefilosofi. Akukaziwa ukuthi ngabe uParmenide wawunomndeni noma umcabangi wanikezelwa empilweni yemicabango yefilosofi nenkomba yakhe yenkondlo.Ukushona
Akukho nemininingwane ethembekile ngokufa komcabangi omkhulu. Ngokwenguqulo eyodwa, ngaphansi kwempilo, isazi sefilosofi, kanye no-Eleata (Abalandeli bezimfundiso zeParmemide) bashushiswa futhi bashushiswa ngemibono evezwe, futhi umuntu ozicabangele wabulawa, njengabo bonke abanye. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imfundiso yeParmemide yatholakala kuphela embuthanweni omncane wezazi zefilosofi ezinomqondo ofanayo, owaphila ngokuphephile.
Yiba yilokho njengoba kungenzeka, kuphephile ukuphikisana nokuthi imibono ye-parmemide yayinomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwefilosofi yesikhathi, futhi isaxoxwa nabantu abangenandaba nezinkinga zokuba yizinkinga zokuba.
Kubuye futhi kusobala ukuthi izimfundiso ze-parmemide, izingcaphuno ezivela lapho zisavuswa yisisekelo somsebenzi wezazi zefilosofi zaseYurophu zakamuva. Ngubani owaziyo, mhlawumbe, ngaphandle kwemvume "emvelweni", ukuthuthukiswa kwesiko laseYurophu kungaba ngokuyisisekelo komunye umbhede.
Amacaphuna
- "Cabanga futhi ube - into efanayo."
- "Ukuba yisiqalo sayo yonke into, ukuba khona, futhi akukho okungenangqondo, konke kugcwele ukuphi."
- "Ukuthi ungathinteki ngomonakalo nokufa, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzophenduka ukungabikhona, kepha akukho okungaba khona."
- "Ukuba nakho kusedlule noma ikusasa. Ukuba kuhlanzekile kwangempela. "