I-Biograge
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, iMelika seye yaba yizwe elithuthuke kakhulu emhlabeni wonke ngenxa kaMongameli kaWoodrow Wilson. Izinguquko emnothweni kanye nezohwebo zangaphandle, ukulondolozwa kokungathathi hlangothi kwe-US eMpini Yezwe Yokuqala, iNhlangano Yezizwe kanye negalelo kwi-Versailles Comment yaphenduka i-Wilson Esepolitiki Womhlaba.
Eminyakeni eyikhulu, uGeorge Bush noBill Clinton, uMongameli WeLilson waqala ukuxazululwa kwezingxabano zamasosha omhlaba kanye nokusungulwa kobudlelwano obuvumelanayo phakathi kwezizwe. Imizamo yaphela ngomklomelo weNobel Peace Prize nokushaywa unhlangothi.
Ubuntwana nentsha
UMongameli wama-28 waseMelika eVirginia wazalwa, kumfundi ozimele. Emithanjeni kaThomas Woodo, i-Ireland ne-Scottish igazi lamadlozi lalihlanganiswa. Umkhulu nogogo komugqa kababa bathuthela eMelika bevela eTiron County, enyakatho ye-Ireland.
Umkhulu kaMongameli wesikhathi esizayo uzibophezele ekuhambeni kwabafundisayo kanye nokukhanyiselwa kwaseYurophu - bahlala e-Ohio, lapho anyathelisa khona iphephandaba lokuvikelwa lapho aphikisana khona nobugqila. Indodana uJoseph akazange ayilandele ezinyathelweni zomzali futhi waba yimfundiso yenkolo yamaPresbyterian. Futhi ngathenga izigqila ukwedlula ukuthi uYise wathukuthelisa, walwela ngokugqilazwa. UJoseph Wilson wathatha umkakhe umfazi ongowokuzalwa eBritish Cumbria Janet Woodrow, okhokho bawo bangamaScots.
UWilson wavula esontweni lesibhedlela, lapho amasosha alimele aphathwa khona: UJanet noJoseph babengabasekeli beConfederation. Ngokushesha uWilson waba yimpi yempi waya ngaphambili. Ekuqaleni, lolu cwaningo lwanikezwa uWoodrow Wilson omncane ngobunzima: Ngenxa yeDyscia, umfana ubengazi kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-12. Kepha yenza sengathi i-stenograph, yehlisa isithiyo futhi yabangela ukuba aphuthelwe. Eminyakeni yokuqala uWilson wafunda ekhaya, wabe esevakashela isikole ngo-Agasti.
Le nsizwa yangena ezinyathelweni zikayise futhi yangena ekolishi laseNorth Carolina, lapho kwakulungiswa khona abapristi besikhathi esizayo. Ngo-1873 okufanayo, uWilson waba ngumfundisi wesonto lamaPresbyterian futhi wasala ukufa. ECollege Woodoo wagula futhi ngemuva konyaka wokuqala wokufunda wamshiya, waxazulula endlini yabazali eWilmington.
Ngemuva konyaka, ngo-1875, uMongameli wesikhathi esizayo waba ngumfundi we-Princeton owaphothula kakhulu ngo-1879. Eminyakeni yabafundi, uWoodrow Wilson waba nesithakazelo emlandweni nasemlandweni wezepolitiki, wahlela umphakathi wengxoxo. Ngemuva kokuphothula ePrinceton University, uWilson wathola imfundo yezomthetho e-University of Virginia, kodwa ngonyaka owedlule, ngawo-1880, ngenxa yokugula, washiya eyunivesithi washona ekhaya.
Ukuqala komsebenzi wezepolitiki
Ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2 yokuqeqeshwa kwasekhaya, izivivinyo zombuso zezepolitiki zesikhathi esizayo e-University of Virtual University futhi sathola idiploma yommeli. UWilson waba umlingani walowo ofunda naye futhi waqala imikhuba yezomthetho, kodwa ngemuva konyaka kamuva, kwadumazeka washiya ibha: uWoodrow Politics onentshisekelo.
Indlela eya emandleni kaWoodrow Wilson yaqala entwasahlobo yango-1883, lapho eba umfundi weziqu zeJones Hopkins University nangemva kweminyaka emithathu yaba udokotela wefilosofi. Ekuqaleni kuka-1885, incwadi yokuqala yashicilelwa lapho ahlongoza khona ukuguqulwa kwamandla okusebenza aseMelika ngokuqinisa uMongameli. Kulomsebenzi, iNyuvesi inikeze umklomelo weWilson.
Ngo-1886, ngemuva kokufanele isimo sobudokotela, usosayensi osemusha wafundisa umlando ekolishi labesifazane naseyunivesithi e-Connecticut. Ngo-1890, uWoodrow Wilson wamenyelwa ePriteni, lapho afundisa khona abafundi kwisayensi yezepolitiki. Ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2, wabhala umsebenzi wesibili - "Umlando Wabantu BaseMelika" futhi waba ngumlobi weNyuvesi, osusele ehhovisi kuze kube ngu-1910.
NgoNovemba 1910, inhloko entsha ye-biography yezepolitiki yaseWoodrow Wilson yaqala - yakhethwa ngumbusi waseNew Jersey. Ukuba yiposi, uWilson wakhombisa ukuzimela nentando, wenqaba ukulandela umugqa weqembu. Uqhube imithetho eminingi yezenhlalo futhi waduma ngaphandle kombuso.
UMongameli we-U.S.A
Umbonisi woWornust Woodrow Wilson ubeke phambili iqembu lentando yeningi. Abaqhudelana bakhe kwakunguWilliam Traft noTheodore Roosevelt, ngenxa yokuncintisana kwamavoti kaWilson ngo-1913 wawunqoba lo mjaho. UWoodrow Wilson waba nguMongameli we-AMERICE kuphela onesiqu sobudokotela kanye ne-LED yokuqala evela eningizimu.
Ngesikhathi sokuqala kukaMongameli, uWilson washintsha imigomo yohlelo lwezwe lukahulumeni ngokwakha i-Federal Reserve. Imali kuphela yaseMelika yaba "Federal Reserve Note". Naphezu komkhuba wezepolitiki anesizotha (iminyaka emi-2 esihlalweni sombusi), wenza ngokujulile, ehlanganisa uhlelo lokhetho. Ngesikhathi esifushane kunazo zonke, uMkhandlu WeziNgqongqoshe usumbile, uqoke unobhala kaWilliam McAdu. UMnyango Wezokudla uholwa nguHerbert Goover, kanye nezempi - uHenry Stimson.
UMongameli omusha wase-US umnyakazo wokuqala weBhodi wenziwa uhlelo olukhulelwe izinguquko kwezomnotho. Okokuqala, izithiyo zenkambiso zezezimali ezenzelwe ukuhweba kwangaphandle futhi zaqala ukuhlanganisa intela, ukudala ukubhala kabusha kanye nezinguquko zasebhange.
Ngo-1916, uWoodrow Wilson wakhetha isikhathi sikamongameli okwesibili. Ngaphezu kwezinguquko eziphumelelayo zezomnotho, ukuthandwa kwakhe kwabizwa ngokuthi ukugcinwa kwe-United States kusuka ekubuyiselweni impi. Ukuthula nokwakheka kukaWilson kwakhombisa izakhamizi, kungakugxeki imbangi eyinhloko kaCharles Hughes, kepha kugcizelela ukugcizelelwa okokuqala. Kepha inzuzo kaWilson ngenxa ye-Hughes yaphenduka encane, ukunqoba kwakungelula.
Ngesikhathi sesibili (kusukela ngo-1917 kuya ku-1921), uWoodrow Wilson wagxila emandleni inyanga inyanga ngenyanga ngemuva kokhetho lwempi yezwe yokuqala.
Ezombusazwe zasekhaya
UMnyango woMnyango woWootsiw Wilson noTheodore Roosevelt gijime ezicini eziningi. Bobabili oMongameli bathuthukise izimo zabasebenzi. UWilson wawenqabela ukuqasha izingane ukuthi zisebenze futhi zehlise usuku lokusebenza lwabantu abadala lube ngamahora ayi-8. Abalimi babubula ngokukhululeka ngemuva kwezinguquko eziningi zenhlalo. Ukubandlululwa kwabesifazane kwaphela.
UWoodrow Wilson ungomunye wabasunguli be-Theory of Public Administration - Bureaucracy. Imfuneko edingekayo yohlelo lokuphatha olusebenzayo, wabheka isikhungo sokuphatha esihlangene. Ngokusho kukaWilson, izinqubomgomo kanye nabaphathi kufanele bahlukaniswe, kudingeka abaphathi abasebenza ngempumelelo kanye nabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe ukwenza impucuko yesimanjemanje.
Ngo-1919, uMongameli wase-US 28 wathumela umkhankaso wokuqinisekiswa kwesivumelwano seNations League. Uhambo nokungezwani okwezinzwa kwathatha amandla kuye futhi kwalimala nempilo esele esebuthakathaka. Ngo-Okthoba, uWoodrow Wilson wayenesifo sohlangothi, umphumela wobumpumputhe beso lesokunxele nokukhubazeka kohlangothi lwesobunxele lomzimba. Kwaphela izinyanga eziyisithupha, uMongameli wazithola esesihlalweni sabakhubazekile, kamuva wahamba nomhlanga.
Inqubomgomo yakwelinye izwe
UWoodrow Wilson ubizelwe uMongameli we-Pacifist ochitha izinqubomgomo zokuphikisana okuhle nokungaphazanyiswa kwamanye amazwe. Ushicilelwe yinqubomgomo ye- "Big Dubinka" neqhaza lamaphoyisa aphesheya, akhethelwe iMelika Roosevelt. I-USA 28 UMongameli isungule umakhelwane omuhle namaLatin America naseNtshonalanga Yurophu YaseYurophu. Kepha imizwa ye-pacifist kaWilson encibilikile ngenxa yobudlelwano obukhulu ngo-1915 nge-mexico, lapho izingxabano zemingcele ziphenduka izimpi ezimbili ethekwini le-vera cruz, ziphethe impilo yamakhulu amasosha namatilosi.
Entwasahlobo yango-1916, umholi wabavukeli baseMexico Pancho Villa enezinto zokuphanga ahlasela izwe laseMelika laseMexico eNew Mexico, ebangela ukulimala kwabalimi. AbaseMelika baphendule ngokuqhuba umsebenzi wezempi, owayeholwa nguGeneral John Perching. Ngo-1917, amabutho avamile angena eYurophu, ephula amazwe alungile kaWilson ekuzimiseleni.
Ekuqaleni kuka-1918, uWoodrow Wilson wamemezela uhlelo lomhlaba, owakhiwa ngamaphuzu ayi-14 aklanyelwe ukuxazulula izingxabano zezwe, ukuhlinzeka nge-FAHTEAPTION NOMPHAKATHI. Kepha iCongress yehlulekile isivumelwano kwiNhlangano Yezizwe, naseYurophu kusuka ku-14 Theses ifake kuphela 4.
Izinkinga zezomnotho zaqala ngemuva kwempi, ukuchithwa kwabalimi, injabulo eChicago, ukwephula ubudlelwano nalabokuqala kwezepolitiki kwaba yisithiyo ezweni lesithathu likaMongameli kaWilson. Kulokhu amaDemocrat awazange amsekele.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Uthando lokuqala lukaWilson lushiye umkhondo e-Biography kaMongameli wase-US 28. Lapho uKuzina Henrietta Woodrow enqaba ukuba ngumfundi uTomas Wilson, ebhekisa ezihlotsheni zakhe, wathatha isibongo sakhe njengegama lesibili, elagcina laba nguwe kuphela.
Inhliziyo ephukile yaphulukisa uthando olusha, ku-Ellen Exxon. Ngokokuqala ngqa, abashadikazi besikhathi esizayo bajwayelana lapho uThomas ayengu-6, no-Ellen iminyaka emi-2. Intombazane ebukekayo enama-smeard on the Cheeks Wildrow Wilson yakhunjulwa eminyakeni engama-20. Le nsizwa yavuma ukufanisa nobaba u-Ellen, i-Abbot yeSonto LasePresbyterian, waya e-Atlanta. Nsuku zonke umakoti wathola izincwadi ezivela kumyeni wesikhathi esizayo, gcina yonke imilayezo eyi-1400.
U-Ellen Wilson waba ngumkakhe, kanye nomngane kaMongameli. Owesifazane wamnika umyeni wakhe amadodakazi amathathu, wafunda isiJalimane ukulandelela ama-nomelties ezincwadi nowabuciko, izinkulumo zoVilson. Lapho uWoodrow unesifo sohlangothi, lowo oshade naye waba ngumeluleki oyimfihlo kuMongameli.
U-Ellen akazange abe ngo-Agasti 1914. Ukufa ngenxa yesifo esikhanyayo, wacela udokotela womndeni ukuthi anakekele umyeni wakhe. Unkosikazi wami wabusisa oshade naye emshadweni wesibili, ecela into eyodwa - ukuthola owesifazane omuhle.
Okwesibili, uWoodrow Wilson ushade ngasekupheleni kuka-1915. Emshadweni no-Edith Bnging Golt, kwakungekho zingane. UWoodrow Wilson uyaziwa ngothando lwezimoto. Isifiso saholela ekuxhaseni imali yokwakhiwa kwemigwaqo yomphakathi.
Ukushona
Ngo-1921, uMongameli wama-28 washiya indlu yabamhlophe wahlala nonkosikazi wakhe e-Embassy yaseWashington Quarter. Wayekhathazeke kakhulu ngokudalwa kweNhlangano Yezizwe, wayekholelwa ukuthi wakhohlisa abaseMelika futhi wadonsa i-United States ngeze empini yezwe yokuqala.
UWilson akazange abe ngoFebhuwari 1924. Ngamngcwaba eWashington, eCathedral.
Amacaphuna
- "Ngabe kukhona umuntu oyedwa ngokukhanya okumhlophe, okungenani owesifazane oyedwa, noma ngabe ingane engazi ukuthi izimbangela zempi ezweni lanamuhla lihlala emncintiswaneni wezimboni nakwezentengiselwano?"
- "Uma ufuna ukuthola izitha, zama ukushintsha noma yini."
- "Ungakhohlwa ukuthi" ubaba wethu "uqala ngesicelo sesinkwa esicindezelayo. Kunzima ukudumisa amanenekazi futhi uthande isisu esiseduze. "
- "Inkululeko ayikaze ivela kuhulumeni. Inkululeko ihlala ivela ezihlokweni zakhe. Umlando wenkululeko uyindaba yokunciphisa iziphathimandla zikahulumeni, hhayi ukwanda kwawo. "
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
- UWoodrow Wilson wayengumdlandla wemoto onothando futhi wenza uhambo lwemoto yansuku zonke, ngisho nanjengoMongameli. Ukudlula kukaMongameli kuthinte imali yokwakhiwa kwemigwaqo yomphakathi.
- UWoodrow Wilson wayengumuntu othanda i-baseball, eminyakeni yakhe yabafundi wayedlala iqembu labafundi, kwathi ngo-1916 waba ngumongameli wokuqala wase-US ovakashele ubuhlakani be-baseball.
- UMongameli Woodrow Wilson wapenda amabhola egalofu akhe abe mnyama ebusika ukuze aqhubeke nokudlala eqhweni.
- UWoodrow Wilson akazange abize uWoodrow, kepha uThomas. Lapho ebusheni, wathandana nomzala wakhe uWounrietta. Wenqabile ukumshada, kepha wayethanda kakhulu ukuthi wathatha igama lakhe.
- Wafunda ePrinceton, lapho kamuva eba umlando (okuwukuphela kombhalo ngaphandle kwesihloko senkolo).
- Ukunyakaza kwabakhohlisayo be-souffringers akuzange kuxhase ukwenzeka kabanzi ngaleso sikhathi, kucatshangelwa ukuthi izinyawo zowesifazane wayengumndeni.
Ukukhumbula
- Ngo-1944, uWilson Henry King wahlungwa yifilimu ye-Biographical "Wilson" no-Alexander Knox endimeni eholayo (ifilimu ithole ama-Oscars amahlanu).
- UWoodrow Wilson uboniswe kwinkokhelo enenani lama- $ 100,000, elikhulu kunawo wonke emlandweni wezwe.
- Edolobheni lasePoland, i-poznań, itshe lesikhumbuzo kuWoodrow Wilson, likhuliswe endaweni yesikhumbuzo sesikhungo sasePoland uMarcina Kassshak.
- NgoNovemba 5, 2011, isikhumbuzo esiseWoodrow Wilson ePrague (Czech Republic) savulwa. Lesi yisikhumbuzo sesibili, futhi owokuqala ubhujiswa phakathi neMpi Yezwe II.