I-Biograge
Kunobuntu obunjalo bomlando, okuvela kwaso okunesihluku kukhazimulisa igazi futhi kugqugquzele ukwethuka. Ngokwama-biographiographs, u-Ivan okuyisibindi wabuka umphenyiso wecala lokuboshwa, obekuthululwa ngokuhlukile ngamanzi abilayo namanzi abilayo, wabe esevuthwa emfuleni. IsiHungary Countess Elizabeth Bazabeth Bafager, okuyinto, ngokwe-Legend, ethandwa ukubhukuda egazini lamantombazane amancane ukuyogcina ubusha bakhe.
Lolu hlu lungaqhubeka unomphela, lufanele ukuqaphela inkosi edumile yaseValahiya Vlad III ye-chain, eyaba prototype kaDracula inoveli kaBram Stoker. Impilo yalo mphathi womqhele imbozwe ngezinganekwane nangezinganekwane eziyiqiniso, zithi izitha ezesabekayo ezibizwa ngokuthi yi-vlad indodana kaDeveli. Amaketanga awehla emlandweni 'njengomthwali' ophethe "kanye nokushiswa kwempi yemvelo, kodwa ezweni lakubo athola inkazimulo yobuhlakani bezempi.
Ubuntwana nentsha
I-biography of the chain, inzalo kaVlad II kaDracula kanye nezikhulu zaseMoldavia kaVasiliki, ngokwengxenye ihlala iyimfihlakalo, ngoba ososayensi bakwazi ukunikeza impendulo efanele lapho umbusi waseValahia wazalwa. Izazi-mlando zisolakala ngamaqiniso futhi zithandana nokuzalwa kwakhe phakathi kuka-1429-1430 no-1436.
Amaketanga amancane awenzanga umbono omuhle futhi abonakele ekubonakaleni: ubuso bakhe bahlotshiswe ngamehlo amakhulu abandayo nezindebe. Ngokwenganekwane yasendulo, umfana omncane wabona abantu bedlula. Umpofu uVlada wakhuphula inzalo yakhe ngokuya ngemithetho eqinile yalesosikhathi, ngakho-ke insizwa yokuqala yafunda ukuba nezikhali, futhi kuphela yaqala ukufunda idiploma.
UVlad wasebenzisa ubuntwana bakhe esifundeni esingokomlando, idolobha laseSigishoara. Ngemuva kwalokho iTransylvania (esesendaweni yaseRomania) ingeyombuso waseHungary, nendlu lapho amaketanga ayehlala khona nobaba wakhe nomfowethu odala namanje besekhona endaweni futhi itholakala eTinsmiths, 5.
Ngo-1436, uVlad II waba umbusi waseValahia wathuthela enhlokodolobha yalesi simo esincane - iTargovishte. Ubunikazi beNkosi babukhona phakathi kweTransylvania noMbuso Wase-Ottoman, ngakho isikhulu saseValahia sase sikulungele ukuhlaselwa kwamaTurkey. Ukuze alondoloze ubukhosi, uDracul waphoqeleka ukuthi akhokhe intela ngokhuni lwesiTurkey Sultan nesiliva, kanye nokunikeza izipho ezithandwayo ezihlahleni zaseTurkey.
Ngemuva kwesiko lasendulo, i-vlad i II ii II yathumela amadodana akhe kumaTurkey, kanjalo namaketanga, kanye nomfowabo, abanjwe iminyaka emine ebanjwe ekudingisweni ngokuzithandela. Ngokusho kwamahemuhemu, abafowethu babefuna ukuhlukunyezwa ensimini yeTurkey, futhi iRada yaba yinto yodlame lwezocansi. Kodwa-ke, akukho ukuqinisekiswa okwengeziwe kweqiniso lokuthi uVlad II wathumela inzalo yakhe eMbusweni Wakwa-Ottoman njengoba abathumbi.
Ososayensi, kunalokho, bakholelwa ukuthi iNkosi yaseValahia yaqiniseka ngokuphepha kwamadodana akhe, njengoba ayevame ukuvakashela iTurkey Sultan. Ukuphela kwento uVlad neRada okwakumelwe besabe ngazo ezikhathini zokuhlala eTurkey kwakuyisimo se-stan, esithanda ukuthinta imimoya.
Indikimba Ebusayo
Ngo-December 1446, abaseHungary bakwenza isigcawu, ngenxa yalokho uVladi II anqume ikhanda, futhi umfowabo omdala weqoqo wangcwatshwa evuselelwa emhlabathini. Le micimbi isiphenduke ukwakheka kohlobo lwe-Dracula.
Mayelana nalesi siHungary samukelezela ngokunganqikazi iTurkey Sultan, eyaqala ukuqoqa amabutho. Njengoba usunqobile isiHungary, umholi woMbuso Wase-Ottoman wafaka iTron of the Chain, ukuguquka komgidi waseHungary waseVladislav II, othathe isihlalo sobukhosi ngokusekelwa kombusi waseTransylvanian uJanas Hunadi.
I-Sultan Lent Dracula Turkish amabutho, kwathi ngo-1448 kwavela inkosi entsha eValahia. Umbusi osanda kusha we-chain uqala ukuphenya ngokubulawa kukababa futhi ukhubethe amaqiniso ahambisana nababambi.
UJanos Hunyadi umemezele umuntu ofuna i-Dracula esihlalweni esingekho emthethweni, kepha umphathi weHungary waqala ukuqoqa amabutho, lapho ichungechunge lalinesikhathi sokufihla eMoldova, lapho ngangixoshwa khona ngabasekeli bakaJanos.
Ngo-1456, ama-chapere avakashela eTransylvania, lapho aqoqa khona amabutho abangane ukuze anqobe isihlalo sobukhosi se-valahia. Kuyaziwa ukuthi uVlad III ubuswa yisimo seminyaka eyi-6 futhi waphawula hhayi ngaphakathi kweValahia kuphela, kodwa nangale kwalawa mazwe. Ngokusho kweminye imithombo, ngesikhathi sokubusa kwabo, iketane lacekela phansi abantu abayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu, kepha le mininingwane ayiqinisekanga.
Ubuye waqhuba izinqubomgomo zesonto okuhloswe ngazo ukuqinisa isonto, wanikeza amakholwa esonto osizakweni lwezinto ezibonakalayo, futhi wadumalela imikhankaso yezempi eTransylvania naku-Ottoman Pormire (inselelo yenqabile ukukhokha intela). Phakathi kokunye, uVlad III wathumela ukudluliselwa kwemali emasimini amaGrikhi.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Isimo sayophila ngesikhathi sikaVlad sihamba ngezindlela ezihlukile. Abanye bathi wayeyindoda ebukeka kahle futhi emnyama enombala omnyama, njenge-smol usami, abanye bathi iNkosi yaseValahia yaba nokubukeka kwakhe okucasulayo, futhi amehlo akhe andayo afaka ngokwesaba bonke nawo wonke umuntu. Kepha kososayensi bavuma: UVlad Dracul wayenendoda enokhahlo.
UMbusi wayengeyena ize ebizwe "umqambi wabakhiqizi", ngoba ukutshala abantu esela kwakuyindlela ayithandayo yokubulawa kweVlad III. Izitha ezifa zishonile zizopha gazi, ngakho-ke imizimba ephaphathekile yalengiswa ezinduku zezinkomba (i-colas ethandwayo ye-vlad enokugibela okuyindilinga, okugcotshisiwe, okwangeniswa ku-rectum).
By the way, ngakho-ke uVlad Dracula futhi waqanjwa igama ezinganeni nasezinkolweni zomsebenzi i-vampire, yize ukuqinisekiswa kweqiniso lokuthi amaketanga ake wazama igazi lomuntu, cha.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uSultan Mehmed II, ebona izinkulungwane zokubola izidumbu zamaTurkey, zabaleka nebutho lakhe ngaphandle kokubheka. UVlad III wasithanda lesi simo esinjalo futhi wanda wandisa isifiso sakhe ngohlobo lwezinhlobo zezitha ezahluliwe.
Ngokuqondene nempilo yomuntu siqu yechungechunge, wagwaza ama-Hooles angaqondakali futhi angaqondakali: Mayelana namakhosikazi akhe nezemikhuba emibhalo, imisebenzi eminingi kangaka, lokhu noma inganekwane yabalobi, kunzima. Kubhekwa ukuthi uDracula washada kabili kwezinye izilizane zika-Elizabeth no-Ilona. Inkosi u-Valahia yayinamadodana amathathu: UMikhail, uVlad noMikni ububi.
Ukushona
Kuthiwa uVlad III Trenen ushone ngo-1476 ohlelweni lukaLyoto Basarab. Kepha akukho lwazi olunembile ukuthi isitha sombuso wakwa-Ottoman safa kanjani. Kunemibono eminingana: Noma ngabe uVlad wabulala izikhonzi ezifuywayo, noma amaketanga abulawa enkembeni ngesikhathi sempi nabaseTurkey (usolwa nguDracula owamukelwa yisitha).
Abanye bafakazela ukuthi inhliziyo ye-chain yaphela ukulwa nanoma ngubani, ngenkathi ehleli esihlalweni. Ngolwazi olungathembekile, inhloko kaDracula yagcinwa esigodlweni saseTurkey Sultan, njenge-trophy.
Udoyela
UVlad III uNick Snapshenez otholwe kuyise, owayequkethe i-High-Alreature Order of the Dragon, ebhekene nabaphangi nabaphabhu. Amalungu alo mphakathi ayegqoka ama-medallions avela ezinsimbi eziyigugu, lapho kwasetshenziswa khona i-monster yenganekwane. Futhi, abazali bezinhlamvu zemali ezihlanganisiwe, lapho kwakukhonjiswa khona izidalwa ezingenamlilo. Isibongo se-Chapsare saya eVlad ngemuva kokufa: Igama lesidlaliso lanikezwa isikhulu seTurks, igama elithi "chain" lisho "ukubala".
Mayelana nesimo esimibalabala anemibala, njengoba uVlad III, abhalwe phansi emsebenzini owodwa, kodwa incwadi efake isandla ekuthandeni i-Dracula njenge-Fangy Blood Amateur, waqamba i-Bram Stoker.
Kuyafaneleka ukusho ukuthi umbhali wase-Ireland wasebenza phezu kwengqondo yakhe, efunda imisebenzi yomlando ngoMbusi weValah. Kepha, noma kunjalo, umbhalo wesandla akufanele ubengelwe umsebenzi wokuphilisana. Le yi noveli egcwele ngokugcwele, i-fantasy ye-fantasy nezobuciko.
Umsebenzi kaBram wanikeza igagasi elisha emhlabeni wezincwadi ne-cinema: Imibhalo yesandla eminingi mayelana nelanga le-chagging negalikhi yaqala ukuvela, futhi amafilimu we-Deposist adutshulwe. Isithombe sezincwadi ze-calonical of the Countres Dracula, ohlala enqabeni emnandi futhi uphuza igazi, wakwazi ukudala umlingisi wase-American Accer Bela Lugoshi (ifilimu "Dracula" (1931), i-Aspenon Rewatshelwa kahle eVampire endile.
Ukukhumbula
- Ngo-1897 - I-Dracula "yaseRoma (i-Bram Stoker)
- 1922 - Movie "NosfePerat. Syphony of horror "(Friedrich Wilhelm)
- 1975 - Opera "Vlad Trenesh" (George Dumitresco)
- 1992 - Ifilimu "Dracula" (uFrancis Ford Coppola)
- 1998 - I-albhamu yomculo "Nighting" Mayelana nempilo yeVlad Charchean (Marduk Group)
- Ngo-2006 - Umculo "Dracula: phakathi kothando nokufa" (Bruno Pelletier)
- 2014 - Ifilimu le-Dracula (i-Harry Shore)