I-Biograge
Imikhumbi yaseRussia yayingazi i-Admiral enqobayo kune-Eshakov. Ngaphansi komyalo wochwepheshe onekhono, iCrimea yanqotshwa futhi amaFulentshi axoshwa eMedithera. Kuwo wonke umsebenzi, imikhumbi ayizange ihlushwe futhi ayilahlekelwa yimuphi umkhumbi.Ubuntwana nentsha
UFedorovovch uShakov wazalwa ngoFebhuwari 13, 1745 edolobhaneni laseSurakovo (manje isifunda saseRybinsky esifundeni saseYaroslavl). Isisu sikaBaba, uFodor Ignatievich wakhonza njengeSergeant of the Life Guard of the PereBrazhensky regiment, waze wathola umsebenzi wokwesula, kanti umama kaParashen Nikitichna wabandakanyeka emndenini owenziwe ekhaya.
Umalume wakhe Feodor Sanaksarsky kanye ne-Old Man Bengeman, owayesebenza emikhunjini yePetrovsky, wahlanganyela ekukhulisweni kwe-Admiral yesikhathi esizayo. U-Ushakov kusukela ebuntwaneni waba nephupho ngolwandle, njengoba umhlaba ubumnandi wawubonakala kuye eyisidina.
I-Strategisty New iminyaka emincane yayithandwa ama-Sail namanzi, kwakungekho zifundo kuye, kunokusika imikhumbi yamathoyizi avela esihlahleni. Ngokubambisana, amanye amadolobhana ayevame ukugcinwa endlini eya e-Ushakov ukuyoncoma ukudalwa kwenaliti elinethalente.
Lapho umzingeli wendawo ongumzingeli waphakamisa i-Fyodor ukuya ebhereni naye, futhi umfana, othanda umzuzwana, wathi le ndoda eyayizoya esilwaneni, kuphela uma ehlangana nayo emanzini.
Lapho eneminyaka engu-16, abazali baletha i-Chojo eshisayo eshisayo eSt. Esendaweni esenyakatho, insizwa enamandla yasendaweni eqinile yangena olwandle amaCodet Corps. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi, izicukuthwane ezisencane ezivela emindenini edidayo zingena emikhunjini, ikakhulukazi izingane ze-Odnodvorys zafunda kulesi sikhungo.
U-Ushakov uhlanganise isayensi ngenkani, ngaphambi kobusuku, enobuntu ngokufundisa ngezinsizakufundisa, kwathi ngo-1766, ngemuva kweminyaka emihlanu yokufunda, wathola izidumbu ezihlonishwayo, etholile i-Chin Michman. I-Admiral yesikhathi esizayo ekuqaleni komsebenzi wakhe yayibhukuda eLwandle iBaltic, nangobusuku bempi yaseRussia - yaseTurkey, iphoyisa elinekhono ladluliselwa e-Azov Flotilla, lapho yafika ezinyangeni ezimbalwa.
Umbutho wezempi
Ngokuqala kwempi, imikhumbi ezayo yesikhathi esizayo ithola ithuba lokuqala lokuhlukanisa futhi lilisebenzise. Ngakho-ke, eyala umkhumbi ongenkulungwaneshumi oyisithupha, iqembu lakhe libonisa ngempumelelo ukuhlaselwa kwamaTurkey, afike eBhalazinga, ngemuva kwalokho akekho owangabaza izixazululo zakhe ezinamasu.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi leli phoyisa lithembele ekuhumusheleni izinkantolo zamasosha amnyama ezinhlamvu zasolwandle ezifihliwe ngaphansi kwezohwebo. Futhi FoodOr ulethwe umkhumbi wehlathi eSt.
Emva kwalokho u-Ushakov waqokwa ukaputeni we-Yacht ye-Imperial. Kodwa-ke, ukusondela komuntu we-Imperial akuzange kudonsele isikhulu solwandle, futhi iFyodor yathola ukudluliselwa emkhunjini oqondile, lapho ayehamba khona njengengxenye ye-squadron hiking oLwandle iMedithera. Kamuva, imikhumbi yahlela ukwakhiwa kwesisekelo semikhumbi yasolwandle emnyama eSevastopol.
Ngokushesha ukaputeni wesikhundla sokuqala se-Ushakov uthola ukuqokwa ngumkhumbi yi-Commander, osanda kuqala ukwakha eKhorson Shipward. Amatilosi awazange abe nesikhathi sokuqala ukusebenza (ngaleso sikhathi babamba iqhaza ekwakheni umkhumbi epanini nabathumbi), njengoba kwaqubuka ubhubhane lwesifo esigqekelwe eKherson.
U-Ushakov waletha iqembu lakhe ledolobha. Lapho, amatilosi akha ama-Rs, akhanyiswe ama-bonfire avela kuzo zonke izinhlangothi nasezinhlobisweni zokuvimbela aqale ukusula ngoviniga namakhambi achobozekile. Ngenxa yokusebenza kweFedor Fedorovich, akekho noyedwa waleli qembu labasebenzi abangenwe yilesi sifo esibulalayo. Ngenxa yalokho, ukwakhiwa komkhumbi kwaqedwa.
Lapho ebuyela ezweni laseMotherland, ummeli wanikezwa umyalo weSt Vladimir. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi u-Ushakov awunakutholwa ukungafaneleki kwezempi, hhayi ukunqoba, kodwa ngenxa yesikhathi esikhonjisiwe futhi ebonisiwe.
Lapho-ke iqhinga elibekile umsebenzi omusha - ngazo zonke izindlela ukwenza amatilosi womkhumbi wakhe abe yithimba elinolwazi kakhulu lemikhumbi yokulwa yaseRussia. U-Ushakov wahlakulela indlela ehlukile yokuqeqeshwa: Kufakwe ithuluzi ekushintsheni kokuswayipha, futhi amalungu abasebenzi adingekayo ukungena emvumweni, ahlelwe emsindweni osondele emkhunjini.
Ngenxa yale nkambo, uShakov wathola ukuthi amatilosi akhe aqonda kahle ubuciko bokwenza umlilo omkhulu. Esikhathini sokuvela kwamandla amasha akwazi ukuncintisana noMbuso Wase-Ottoman ukuze athole amandla phezu kolwandle olumnyama nakwaMedithera, e-Ematerina II ihlele ukwamukelwa kwezindleko zakwamanye amazwe nge-Simferopol.
Ngokuphila ngesikhathi sekhulu lezobuchwepheshe obuphakeme abaqondi ukuthi bekunzima kangakanani ukuzulazula olwandle ngaleso sikhathi. Ngemuva kwalokho amatilosi okuphatha umkhumbi, engashiyi inkambo ebekiwe, anaka amandla nokuqondisa komoya, futhi abuye abonwe ngalesi sifundo. Ngesikhathi sezimpi ze-Ushakov, akazange alandele kuphela inani lezinhlamvu, kodwa futhi elawula nezenzo zelungu ngalinye leqembu ngalinye.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi iFyodor Fedorovoich yaphula yonke imithetho yokulwa kolwandle. Bese kuba nendlela engekho emthethweni yempi, eyayisho lokho ngaphambi kwempi, abaphikisi kufanele basondele komunye nomunye ebangeni lesibhamu, bahlale behlasela kuphela.
U-Ushakov wathi bekungesikhathi sokuchitha imali engenangqondo, nokuthi ukugcizelelwa kufanele kwenziwe ngomkhumbi omkhulu, okokuqala kuwukuchitha. Leliqhinga lasiza i-Fyodor Fedorovich ukunqoba impi nomkhumbi wase-Ottoman. Lapho-ke i-Admiral yokuphakama kwezinombolo kwesitha yahlukanisa isu elisha - futhi yayingeyona iphutha. I-Russian Fleet, ukwakha kabusha ekuhambeni, ukukala imikhumbi eyinhloko yamaTurks, ababengakulungele.
Izitha zokwethuka zaqala ukukhulisa amahange kanye nezintambo zomoya. Ngakho-ke, ukucekela phansi umyalo wesitha, imikhumbi ka-Ushakov ngamunye owaphula yonke indawo yonke yaseTurkey.
Ngemuva kwalokhu kunqoba, okujwayelekile - inkambu marmal, iPrince grigort potemkin yaba uSanta ka-Admiral odumile kanti encwadini epholile incoma i-Prolégé yakhe enesibindi. Ku-1790 potemkin, ngemvume ka-Catherine II, yathunyelwa ubuholi be-USHAKOV alonke imikhumbi yolwandle emnyama, kanye neFyodor Fedorovovich, enyusa ifulege emkhunjini "uSanta Paul", wahamba nemikhumbi eya ogwini lweTurkey. Lapho, wabopha i-sinop, wabhubhisa imikhumbi yesitha engama-26, wabe esebonisa ukuhlaselwa kwamaTurks avela eKerch Strait.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izitha ezihluliwe zazivame ukubuza uShitsi ngesihe, ukuthumela amaPhalazi kanye nokunikela ngemali. I-Human Fatal Admiral ayikaze yonakaliswe, kepha imikhumbi yezitha ayizange iguqile.
Ukaputeni wakuqonda ukuthi isiphetho somhlaba kungenzeka kuphela ngemuva kokuba yonke imikhumbi yemikhumbi yaseTurkey izophulwa. Impi eyenzile igama lakhe lingafi, kwenzeka ngoJulayi 31, 1791, eLwandle Olumnyama, eKapa Kaliakra (enyakatho Bulgaria). Lapho-ke umphathi-in-induna yabaTurkey wathi uzothatha u-Ushakov, ngaphandle kokuqagela ukuthi imikhumbi yakhe yonke yayiwela.
Abantu base-Ottoman babelinde imikhumbi yaseRussia eduze nolwandle, eyayifakwe ibhethri. UFedr Fedorovich, odume iqiniso lokuthi ngaphambi kokuba impi yayivame ukwenza ubuhlakani, yayazi ngendawo yesitha nasekufakweni. Ngenxa yalokho, wahamba wazungeza iTurk, edlula phakathi kolwandle nemikhumbi yabo, wabamba umoya odlulayo wanqoba imikhumbi yesitha.
Isivumelwano sokuthula saphetha ngeTurkey, wavikela sonke isifunda saseNyakatho Solwandle iRussia, kubandakanya neCrimea. Ngenkathi u-Alexander Suvorov enqoba ukunqoba emhlabeni, u-Uhakov waphikisana nomhlaba ukuthi iRussia iyinkosi egcwele ulwandle.
Ngo-Agasti 1798, uPawulu ngithumele i-Black Sea Gquodron yase-Ushakov eziqhingini zase-Ionia (amaFulentshi abuswa ogwini) ukuze avikeleke ubukhona baseRussia eMedithera. Ngalesi sikhathi ohlangothini lweFedoror Fedorovich kwakuyisimbangi samuva nje - uMbuso Wase-Ottoman.
Kuliqiniso, kulokhu u-Admiral wabonisa ubuciko obumangalisayo. Ngokwe-legend, u-Ushakov wasusa izintombi zakhe ezingubeni zezintokazi, kwathi lapho amaFulentshi ebona amantombazane ehleli ogwini ngezibhamu, bathi abaphathwa ngabameleli bengxenye ebuthakathaka yobuntu futhi baphakamisa ifulegi elibuthakathaka . Ukusondela, amasosha aqonda ukuthi bakhohlisiwe.
Ngemuva kwalokho walandela ukuthathwa kwenqaba yeCorfu (ebheke ndawonye ngosuku olulodwa), ngemuva kwalokho ukukhishwa kweziqhingi zase-Ionic kwaqedwa kusukela ebukhona baseFrance. Kulomsebenzi, iFyodor Fedorovich yakhelwe esigabeni se-Admiral, futhi iTurkey Sultan yethule ijazi le-sobatu kanye ne-Diamor Feather.
Umsunguli wemikhumbi yaseRussia uPeter Mina, kodwa ngemuva kokushona komguquki, umsebenzi wempilo yakhe yonke impilo yakhe yayingeyena ngcono kunezikhathi ezinhle kakhulu, futhi lapho i-Europe ithuthukise amandla ayo kanye nokubaluleka kwalo I-Marine Army. Kwaqhubeka kuze kube yilapho uFyodor Ushakov wangena ngemuva kwesondo lokuqondisa lemikhumbi, owaletha ukunqoba ezweni lakhe.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Impilo yomuntu siqu ye-flotomomodka ayiphumelelanga njengomsebenzi wakhe. Kuyaziwa ukuthi iFyodor Fedorovich ayishadanga futhi ayinazo izingane. Udokotela onamasu wazinikele enkonzweni yeNkulunga futhi akazange azisole.Ukushona
Indawo yokugcina yempilo yomhlaba uShiral USHAKOV waba yidolobhana elivule lase-Alekseyevka esifundeni saseTempenovsky, eduze neSanaksar Christmas-Mgqumu E-Monastery. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngesikhathi sempi yokuthanda izwe yango-1812, uFyodor Fedorovich wakhethwa njengenhloko yezempi esifundazweni saseTambov, kodwa ngenxa yokugula, wenqaba isikhundla sakhe, wasinikezela emithandazweni.
UFlotodets ushone ngo-Okthoba 2, 1817 efeni lakhe, edolobhaneni lase-Alekseevka. Uhhafu iqhawe elilungile esontweni lesikhuthalo soMsindisi weDolobha laseTemikov. Lapho ibhokisi lomzimba lomzimba kamukelekayo, ngokuhambisana okukhulu kwabantu, lafakwa ezandleni zakhe ukusuka edolobheni, kodwa wafuna ukukubeka empahleni, kepha abantu baqhubeka nokuyithwala. lapho umhlekisi angcwatshwa khona.
Ngo-1953, uMqondisi uMikhail Romm ususe amafilimu athi "Admiral Ushakov" kanye "nokuthunyelwa kwesiphepho", okusekelwe kwisakhiwo sochwepheshe abanethalente.
Ukusabalalisa
Ngemuva kwe-1917 Revolution, isigodlo sezindela saseSanaksarsky savalwa, nesongo, sakhiwe phezu kwethuna lika-Admiral, sabhujiswa.
UJoseph VissarionOVich Stalin wasungula i-Ushakov ngo-1943, kepha isithombe seFedoror Fedorovach sadingeka ukudala umklomelo. Akekho noyedwa kwabahlali futhi abaculi abaziyo ukuthi baveza kanjani ngokuthembekile i-Admiral, futhi, njengoba wazi, ukusetshenziswa kwesithombe esinganembile ku-State Symbomsm akwamukeleki.
Ngakho-ke, ngo-1944, uhambo lukaHulumeni oluya eSanaksar Monastery lwabanjwa, lapho kwatholakala khona ummeli. Kamuva, ukubonakala kwekhanda kwabuyiselwa ukuvela kwe-Ushakov, kanye kwethuna lika-Admiral odumile, kanye nezinsalela zesakhiwo sezindela, zathathwa ngaphansi kokuvikelwa umbuso.
Ngo-Agasti 2001, iSonto Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia lakha uTheodore UShakov esigabeni sabaNgcwele. Manje izithonjana ezibonisa imikhumbi enethalente zigcinwa emathempelini nasezindabeni zezindela.
Ukukhumbula
- Igama loboya libizwa ngokuthi i-bay eningizimu-mpumalanga yolwandle lwababa bantu kanye nolwandle olusenyakatho ye-Okhotsk Sea
- ETemov, kunomnyuziyamu wendawo ogama lakhe lingu-Ushakov
- EMoscow, kukhona i-Admiral USHAKOV Boulevard kanye nesiteshi sikamasipala segama elifanayo
- ESt. Petersburg, igama lika-Admiral Ushakov libizwa ngokuthi yi-Embankment kanye nebhuloho, kusungulwe itshe lesikhumbuzo
- Ngo-Okthoba 2002, eGreece, isikhumbuzo esiya e-Admiral Foodor UShakov sasungulwa eCorFu Island
- EKerch ngo-Ephreli 11, 2009, kwafakwa itshe lesikhumbuzo e-Admiral ngosuku lokukhululwa kwedolobha kusuka kubahlaseli baseJalimane baseJalimane
- EKaliningrad, Isikhungo Sasolwandle sabizwa ngokuthi igama elithi Admiral
- Ngo-2015, isikhumbuzo esiya ku-Admiral F. F. UShakov uvulwe eTambov, lapho kuhlangana khona emigwaqweni yaseSoviet noLemontovskaya
- Edolobheni laseRybinsk, eduze kwalo ngumama we-Admiral, ukugcwala kwalo kufakiwe. Ephreli 29, 2016 Igama lakhe lithole uBoulevard. Imnyuziyamu iyavuleka futhi.