I-Biograge
Imisebenzi yabamele inkathi yesiliva i-Dmitry Merezhkovsky iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu yokuqonda nokuqonda. Lo mbhali ujwayele umfundi wanamuhla njengoMdali wephephabhuku elisha lomndeni kanye nomlobi wamaqoqo amaningi wenkolo namafilosofi emibhalo. Phakathi kokunye, lo muntu, kanye noDeveli nge-rus malnogy, izinkondlo, uHippiyu, wayengumnikazi wesampula enkulu yePeterSburg, kusihlwa amasampula akhe okuqala akhombisa iSergey Yenin, u-Alexander Blok no-Osip Mandelstam.Ubuntwana nentsha
UDmitry Sergeevich Meriarykovsky wazalwa ngo-Agasti 2, 1865 enhlokodolobha yaseFrance - Paris. Ubaba womlobi uSergei Ivanovich wayeyisikhulu, futhi umama kaVarvara Vasilyevna wahola abendlu futhi wagqugquzela ukukhulisa izingane. Kuyaziwa ukuthi emndenini kaMereshhkovsky kwakungamadodana ayisithupha namadodakazi amathathu. UDmitry wayengowobungcweti obuseduze futhi obusondelene noMfoweth 'uKonstantin, kamuva waba udokotela wezinto eziphilayo.
Isimo endlini kaMerezhkovsky sasilula: Ithebula alikaze lincike ejokeni, ngoba ikhanda lomndeni ngale ndlela lalinendlela yezingane ezivela emibilweni ejwayelekile - isithuthuthu kanye nokuzama ukunethezeka. Ukusuka ohambweni lwamahhovisi, abazali bashiya izingane ekunakekelweni izinkukhu zaseJalimane kanye ne-nanny yakudala, okwathi ngaphambi kokulala isikhathi sokulala ngokusekelwe ezimpilweni zabangcwele.
Esikhathini esizayo, abezingohamikhali baphetha ukuthi izindaba zikaNiannen kwakuyimbangela yenkolo yezenkolo, ebusheni babonakala ngesimo soMdali wenkondlo ". Futhi, ukwakheka ngokomoya kwembongi kwabuye kwaba nethonya leqiniso lokuthi umlobi osemncane wahehwa umuzwa wesizungu, kamuva owathola umbono ezincwadini nasemavesi akhe kamuva.
Ngo-1876, uDmitry wangena kwi-Gymnasi engu-2 yesithathu ye-Gymnanasi engu-St. Petersburg. I-Merezhkovsky-Sr., Owayenesifiso seProse nezinkondlo, wayengowokuqala ukwazisa impumelelo yendlalifa ensimini yesivunguvungu. Ngo-1880, ubaba wakhe, wasebenzisa umhlangano noSofia noRereevna Tolstoy, umfelokazi wenkondlo u-Alexei Kostoy, wahola indodana yakhe endlini waya eNdlu yaseMikhailovich Dostoevsky, ukuze akwazise ithalenta lezincwadi zenzalo.
Kamuva e "autobiographical Qaphela" Dmitry Sergeevich uzobhala ukuthi ngesikhathi sokufunda umsebenzi wakhathazeka kakhulu. UDostoevsky, ezwa umlobi osemusha kuze kube sekupheleni, wathi lokho okuqukethwe kuluhlaza ngokweqile futhi kubuthakathaka, futhi ukubhala ubuciko, kuyadingeka ukuthi udlule kuyo yonke imibuthano yesihogo futhi uthole ukuthi yikuphi ukuhlushwa nokungaboni ngaso linye.
Ngo-1884, uDmitry waba ngumfundi we-Pultty of Peaty of Filology of St. Petersburg University. Lapha umbhali wesikhathi esizayo waba nesithakazelo kwifilosofi yePositivism, futhi wabonisa nentshisekelo ngezincwadi zesiFulentshi. Ngo-1888, uMerezhkovsky wavikela umsebenzi wokuthweswa iziqu kwisazi sefilosofi eRenaissance - uMontithe, uthweswe iziqu eyunivesithi wanquma ukuzinikela kuphela umsebenzi wokubhala.
Into yokufunda
Ukudonswa kwamabhuku okubhaliwe kweMerezhkovsky kwenzeke ngonyaka we-1880 kumagazini "Ukubuyekezwa okuhle". Ngemuva kwalokho inkondlo eshicilelwe ethi "Tuchka" ne- "Autumn melody" yashicilelwa. Ngo-1888, incwadi yokuqala ye-Merezhkovsky "Poem (1883-1887)" yashicilelwa eSt. Imisinga yezincwadi zesimanje zaseRussia ".
I-1899 yaba ngoDmitry Sergeevich rotary. Umlobi emisebenzini kaningi futhi esetshenziswa kaningi ezindabeni zenkolo, kwathi eminyakeni emibili kamuva, ngo-1901, uZinaida Hippius wafaka umbono we-merezhkovsky wafaka umbono wefilosofi nangokwenkolo, lapho i-IntelligentShia yayixoxa khona nemibuzo ephuthumayo.
Ukuthandwa kukaDmitry kwaqhamuka ku-Trilogy yakhe yokuqala yamaRoma "UKrestu kanye noMphikukristu": "Ukufa konkulunkulu. UJuliya Asporder "," onkulunkulu abavusiwe (uLeonardo da Vinci) "kanye" nomphikukristu uPeter no-Alexey ".
Entwasahlobo ka-1906, uDmitry Sergeevich waya eFrance nomkakhe. Kwakukhona lapho okwashicilelwa ndawonye nonkosikazi wakhe kanye ne-Dmitry Philosopher Labour Larkhi "Inkosi Nenguquko". EParis, imbongi nayo yaqala ukusebenza eTrilogy engqikithini yomlando waseRussia we-XVIII-XIX "umbuso wesilo."
Ngo-1908, kushicilelwa ingxenye yokuqala yale trilogy - uPaul I, obekufakwa umbhali ejele, ingxenye yesibili ka-Alexander I yanyatheliswa ngemuva kweminyaka emihlanu ngo-1913, okwesithathu "ngoDisemba 14 - ngo-1918.
Ngo-1909, i-bibliography yembongi yagcwaliswa ngeqoqo lesine lezinkondlo elibizwa nge- "Umhlangano Wezinkondlo", futhi ngo-1915 I-LOURDORY YAMA-1910-1914 "kanye nocwaningo lwezincwadi" ezimbili Izimfihlo zezinkondlo zaseRussia: Nekrasov neTyutchev ".
Imisebenzi ethandwa kakhulu ye-Dmitry Merezhkovskysks 20-30s: "Ukuzalwa konkulunkulu" (igama lesibili elithi "Thilight of the Full", "Mesiya", "uNapoleon", "Imfihlakalo Yentshonalanga:" UJesu ongaziwa "," Paul no-Augustine, "uFrancis Assusi" no "Dante".
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Umdlandla wokuqala ojulile we-Amur kaMerezhkovsky wayeyindodakazi kaMshicileli weGazethi yaseNyakatho. Ehlobo lika-1885, umlobi waze wenza uhambo nabakhetho umndeni eFrance naseSwitzerland, kodwa le ndaba yothando ayizange ihole kunoma yini.
NgoJanuwari 1889, uMerezhkovsky washada noZinaida Hippius, izinkondlo zakusasa nomlobi, owaba konke impilo yakhe nomngane wakhe osondelene naye, umngane wezomqondo kanye nokufuna ukufunwa ngokomoya nangokwakha. I-Union of Merezhkovsky kanye ne-Hippius yi-tandem edumile kakhulu yokudala emlandweni wesiko laseRussia lekhulu lesiliva ".
Abantu besikhathi besikhathisososi sasiphawula ukuthi abathandi, bephambene ngqo komunye nomunye, babehlukaniswe komunye nomunye. Kuyaziwa ngokuthembekile, ngemuva kokuqomisana abantu abasha baqala ukuhlangana nsuku zonke emapaki, futhi le mihlangano yenzeka ngokuqinile incognito. Njalo ngokungakhathaleli ukuqala kwengxoxo kaZinaida no-Dmitry bathele impikiswano eshisayo, eyayiphikisana kuphela nemiphefumulo ye-kinpship eyimfihlakalo.
IHippius ngaphambi kokuqomisana noDmitry ngokuvamile yacela ukushada, kepha intokazi ethanda inkululeko ihlala iphendula ukwenqaba. NgoMerezhkovsky konke kwakuhlukile. Abalobi bebengenazo lezi zincazelo zobuphukuphuku othandweni, abangabekezeleli uDeveli ngoMoya, kwathi ngosuku olulodwa banquma ukuthwala ubudlelwano ngaphandle kokuvilapha, beqala ukuhlala ndawonye.
NgoJanuwari 8, 1889, umcimbi womshado wenzeka eTiflis. Usuku Lomshado Lo mbhangqwana alubonanga. Lapho bebuyela ekhaya, ngamunye wabo waya emsebenzini: Mereshkovsky - eProse, ne-Hyyius - ezinkondlisi. Kamuva kakhulu emikhumbuzweni yezinkondlo kwavuma ukuthi kwakungabalulekile kangako ukuthi wayengakakhumbuli ngakusasa ekuseni ngakusasa ashadile.
Kuyaziwa ngokuthembekile ukuthi kwakungekho ubudlelwane obuseduze phakathi kwabashadikazi. Ngokuyinhloko, i-villager yayingenandaba nenjabulo yenyama, noMeriazhkovsky, ngazi ngonkosikazi wokuziphatha, yamthatha ngayo yonke inzuzo namaminithi. UZinaide wayevame ukubalwa amanoveli ohlangothini, kepha uMerezhkovsky akazange awele ngemuva komngane womshado. Kwakuwukusabela kwemvula ekuzilisheni komyeni wakhe kubizwa ngokuthi ukuxabana kwale nyunyana kufile ngayo.
Isihlangu esikhulu kunazo zonke emndenini sabangela ubudlelwano bukaMerezkovsky nesibonelo sika-Elena - ababhali be-Elena - ababhali besikhathi eside. Ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli 1901, le ntokazi yafika eSt. Petersburg, futhi imbongi yasonta ngokungalindelekile ngobuhlakani bayo nge-Admirer. Ekupheleni kukaJulayi 1902, okuyisibonelo kwafika kubalingani futhi: ngokusemthethweni - ukunikela ngosizo lwezinto ezibonakalayo kumagazini "Indlela entsha", empeleni - ngenxa yezizathu zothando. Ekugcineni, uHippiyusi onesihlangu ubeka inkosikazi yakhe endlini.
Ngo-1905, umndeni wakwaMerezhkovsky wasondelana nalomphakathi wefilosofi ye-Dmitry. Abalobi bendawonye badalwe futhi bahlala ndawonye. Emehlweni emphakathini, "inyunyana kathathu" yababhali kwakungenhla kokungahloniphi. Abantu basola uDmitry, bethi lokhu kuziphatha komngane womshado kuyakudidana kuqala kubo bonke.
Ama-chasess kaMorrali akhohlwe ukuthi izinkondlo, ezinefilosofi i-Dmitry, azikwazanga ukuba nobudlelwano obunonya, ngoba ososayensi bekungukuziphatha okungokocansi okungewona okweshumi nangokwesiko, futhi kusukela komunye umcabango wakhe "waphenduka ngaphakathi."
Ngenxa yalokho, abashadikazi banikela ngenkululeko yothando ephelele, senzeke umlethe uhlangothi lwalo lokuzwela lomshado. Kuze kube sekupheleni kwendlela yokuphila ehlanganayo, uDmitry noZinaida bazizwa bebesenobunye obugcwele ngokomoya nangobungcweti, kepha uthando lwenkulumo alusahambi, ngakho-ke iHippius noMerezhkovsky bahlala befuna imizwa emisha ohlangothini.
Ukushona
UMerezkovsky ushone ngokuzumayo ngoDisemba 9, 1941 kusuka ku-hemorrhage ungene ebuchosheni. Ezinsukwini ezintathu kamuva imbongi yayibanjelwe eSontweni Lase-Orthodox of St. Alexander Nevsky. Ngangcwaba uMdali wenkondlo "kaNkulunkulu" emathuneni aseRussia eSt. Genevield de Boua.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi abantu abambalwa baba khona emkhosini olilayo, kanti nesikhumbuzo samathuna sabekwa ezimalini eziqoqwe ngabamemezeli baseFrance.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1895 - "Knight for ephukile"
- Ngo-1895 - "I-Holy SATIR"
- Ngo-1895 - "Ukusuka e-Anatoly France"
- 1895 - "Ukufa konkulunkulu. UJulian Horgrote "
- Ngo-1896 - "Uthando lunamandla kunokufa"
- Ngo-1896 - "Uthando Science"
- Ngo-1897 - "Indandatho yensimbi"
- Ngo-1897 - "Ukuguqulwa"
- 1897 - "" Inoveli yenoveli ye-XV Century "
- 1901 - "Onkulunkulu abavusiwe. Leonardo da vinci "
- 1904-1905 - "Umphik'ukristu. UPeter no-Alexey
- 1908 - "Pavel I"
- 1911-1913 - "Alexander I"
- Ngo-1918 - "Disemba 14"