I-Biograge
Isibalo sika-Anastas Mikoyan sitholwa ngokuqinile. Abanye ososayensi bathi lo muntu ukubandakanyeka ekucindezelweni okubi nasekubulaweni okubi, abanye bahlonipha uMikoyan njengomholi onolwazi. Yiba yilokho njengoba kungenzeka, ubunikazi baka-Anastas Mikoyan njenge-Kremlin ehlala isikhathi eside, i-Revolverar kanye nofakazi wenkathi, kunjalo, kufanele banake.Ubuntwana nentsha
I-Biography ka-Anastas Mikoyan yaqala esigodini sase-Armenia esibizwa ngokuthi iSanain. Inguquko yesikhathi esizayo yazalwa emndenini wombazi. Kusukela ebuntwaneni, umfana wakhombisa ikhono lokufunda, ngakho-ke ngemuva kokuphela kwamakilasi aqala kwathunyelwa eTiflis, ku-Semine Meminary. Kukholakala ukuthi lesi yisikole esihle kunazo zonke eTranscaucasia, okungukuthi, ngaphandle kwalokho, sasitholakala hhayi kuphela emindenini evikelekile.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi abavukeli abaningi kanye nezishoshovu zezepolitiki zalesosikhathi bezingaphandle kwezindonga zezifundela ezingokomoya: uNikolai Chernyshevsky, Nikolai dobrolyubov, noJoseph Stalin.
Ngenkathi ukutadisha u-Anastas Mikoyan waba nesifiso semibono yama-bolshevik. Le nsizwa idlulise izincwadi ezingabizi zeMarxist futhi ngo-1915 wajoyina iqembu leBolshevik. Ngemuva konyaka, ngo-1916, u-Anastas Mikoyan uthweswe iziqu kwezemfundo futhi wanquma ukuqhubeka nokufunda e-Armenity Academy edolobheni lase-Armeniadzin.
Inguquko ne-Party Service
Qeda i-Academy Anastas Mikoyan ayikaze iphumelele. Izenzakalo zezepolitiki ezweni elinekhanda elithambe insizwa: Kwaqala ukuguqulwa ngoFebhuwari. UMikoyan waba ngomunye wabaholi bezinkomo kanye nabahleli benhlangano yezinguquko e-Echmiadzin.
Ngemuva kwezenzakalo zikaFebhuwari, u-Anastas Mikoyan waqhubeka nokwenza inkohliso esebenza eBaku naseTiflis futhi waba ngunobhala weKomiti Yezinkomo zeTiflis. Amakhono wenhlangano kanye nobuholi be-verevationArArtar athola ukusetshenziswa kwawo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uMikoyan wayeholwa yiBakis Bolshevik Obda.
Ngo-1919, u-Anastas Mikoyan wabiza eMoscow - abaholi beBolshevik abasebenzayo nabanenjongo babedingeka yi-capital. UMikoyan wajoyina iMoscow eMoscow. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uMikoyan wabuyela eCaucasus futhi wathola isikhathi sokuqokwa esikhundleni sokuvuselelwa okugunyaziwe kanye nenhloko yesiponji. Ngo-1920, inguquko yayilindele ukuqokwa okusha: uStalin ngokwakhe wakugcizelela ukuthi okuthunyelwe koMnyango weKomidi eliseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Eastern of the Commit.
Umsebenzi wezepolitiki u-Anastas Mikoyan wakhuphuka ngokushesha. Kakade ngo-1922, inguquko yaqokwa uNobhala weKomidi eliCentral eRostov-on-Don, nangemva eminye iminyaka emibili, uMikoyan usesebenze njengonobhala weBolshevik Party waseNyakatho Caucasus District.
Ngo-1926, uMikoyan waba ngumuntu okhethwayo we-portbouro yezwe. Ngokweminye imininingwane, uJoseph Stalin waphikelela kulokhu, okwenzeka ngenxa yemisebenzi yomholi onethalente. Ngawo lowo nyaka, uMikoyan waba ngumlandeli kaLeames KameNev lapho eposini lomkhosi wabantu bakwamanye amazwe nabangaphakathi kweSoviet Union. Phakathi kokunye, lokhu kuqokwa kwanika uMikoyan ilungelo lokuthengisa amagugu omlando wezwe elaligcinwe eminyuziyamu ukuze abuyise uMgcinimafa woMbuso.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi u-Anastas Mikoyan waba ngumholi othuthukayo: Ngo-1936, usopolitiki waze waya ngisho nase-United States ukuze azijwayeze izindlela ezithuthukile embonini yokudla. Izinto eziningi ezintsha kule ndawo zibolekwe uMikoyan ngenxa yomngcele. Kwakungezona zokufeza okunjalo ukuthi isitshalo sokulungiswa kwenyama yeMoscow saqanjwa ngegama elithi MIkoyan.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMikoyan ungowomqondo wokulwa nokuntuleka kokudla kwezinye izindawo hhayi ngoxhaso, kepha ukwanda okusemthethweni kwezinga lamapulazi ahlanganyelwe kanye nomkhakha. Indlela enjalo ngokungangabazeki yanikeza imiphumela emihle. Kodwa-ke, ngasikhathi sinye, kunemininingwane yokuthi, ngesimemezelo seMikoyan, abasebenzi abaningi bezimboni zokudla bacindezelwe.
Kusukela ngo-1938, uMikoyan ukhonze njengelungu le-basses yaseSoviet yaseSoviet (iBashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic), kwathi ngo-1941 walibeka ekhanda lenhlangano yokudla nokuxhaswa okubanzi kwebutho elibomvu.
Hhayi ngaphandle kwemizamo: Ngo-1942, u-Anastas Mikoyan wazama ukudubula ngqo esikwele esibomvu. Kamuva kwavela ukuthi isigebengu kwakungu-Savelia Dmitriev, owashiya amabutho abomvu abomvu.
Ngo-1943, impumelelo ka-Anastas Mikoyan yaphawulwa umklomelo wombuso. Ngokufaneleka emkhakheni wezinto zokuhlinzekwa, uMikoyan wezempi wanikezwa isihloko esihlonishwayo se-socyrud, kanye nokuhleleka kweLenin kanye ne-Medal "yokuthola isikela".
Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, ngo-1943, u-Anastas Mikoyan ungena ngokungamukeleli uJoseph Stalin. Umholi wenza isinqumo sokususa uMikoyan kusukela kokuthunyelwe kukaNgqongqoshe Wezentengiselwano kanye namaSekela eNhloko yoMkhandlu WeziNgqongqoshe. Isimo savusa umbhikisho kaMikoya ngokuxoshwa kwe-Ingush neChechens. Umguquki onesibindi sokukhuluma nokugxekwa kwentando ka-Stalin uqobo, okuyiqiniso, engazange athande uJoseph Vissariovich. Ngakho-ke u-Anastas Mikoyan wayese-Opal.
Ngemuva kokushona komholi, zombili lezi zinto ezithunyelwe zabuyiselwa eMikoyan, kwathi ngosopolitiki ka-1957 sezivele zibhekwe eduze kommeli uNikita Khrushchev. Esikhundleni seNikita, uSergeevich Mikoyan wahola izingxoxo nosopolitiki baseMelika, futhi futhi baxhumana noFidel Castro ekuxazululeni ukubambisana kweRussia-Cuba.
Kusukela ngo-1964 kuya ku-1965, u-Anastas Mikoyan wayeholwa yi-Persimium yoMkhandlu Ophakeme wezwe, ehlala, empeleni, ihhovisi likahulumeni eliyinhloko. Kodwa-ke, ngo-1965, ezombusazwe zasulwa phansi esikhundleni sazo, okushukumisa isinqumo ngobusuku obuqinile bukaMikoyan: u-Anastas Ivanovich wayeneminyaka engama-70 kuphela ubudala. Iposi likaMikoya lathola uNicholas Podgorny.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uMikoyan wagcina ubulungu ekomitini eliphakathi nendawo kanye ne-presidium yoMkhandlu Ophakeme. Ngawo lowo nyaka, u-Anastas Mikoyan wanikezwa owokugcina, wesithupha, umyalo kaLenin.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Umndeni ka-Anastas Mikoyan wawumkhulu. Unkosikazi wenguquko, u-Ashchen tumanyan, wanika oshade naye namadodana amahlanu. Okwengeziwe, uStepan Mikoyan, wakhonza njengohlolo lokushayela izindiza. USon Stepana, u-Alexander, waba ngumculi wedwala.
Indodana yesibili ka-Anastas Mikoyan, uVladimir, nayo yaba umshayeli wezempi. UVladimir Anastasovich ushone ngesikhathi sempi ngaseStalingrad.
U-Alexey Mikoyan, indodana yesithathu ka-Anastas Mikoyan, futhi wakhetha isiphetho somshayeli wezempi. Indodana ka-Alerei, iStas, yaziwa njengomculi onekhono kanye nomkhiqizi. UMzuli u-Anastas Mikoyan uthathe ama-pseudonym aqamba ama-pseudonym, ngaleyo ndlela anikeze unina uqobo, nathi yi-Harutyunova.
Indodana yesithathu kaMikoyana, uVano, yasebenza njengoMklami Wezempi Wezempi. UVano Mikoyan wethule umzukulu kayise u-Olga.
UJunior usuka ezinganeni zika-Anastas Mikoyan, eSergo, akazange ahlanganyele nabazalwane emsebenzini wamasosha ngokukhetha indlela yesazi-mlando kanye nohulumeni.
Ukushona
Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila, u-Anastas Mikoyan wasuka ezindabeni zomphakathi. Inguquko yafa ngo-Ephreli 8, 1966. I-Mikoyan's Linast itholakala emathuneni aseMoscow Novodevichy. Ethuneni, ngaphezu kwesithombe sendabuko, ungabona i-Epitaph eyabhalwa ngesi-Armenia.
Ngemuva kokushona kwenguquko, kwasuswa incwadi ebikwa ngokuthi "u-Anastas Mikoyan: UKremlin waphila isikhathi eside." Amadodana kaMikoya, uStatanan noSergo (USergey) abamba iqhaza ekutholeni ukupenda. Imicimbi yefilimu idlulisela isibukeli kuleso sikhathi esibi lapho kwakhiwa uhulumeni omusha kanye nombuso omusha.
Ukukhumbula
Igama elithi Anastas Mikoyan laqanjwa igama:
- Isitshalo sokulungiswa kwenyama yeMoscow (ke inkampani "Mikoyan")
- I-All-Union Institute of ugwayi kanye ne-machorkas
- Umkhakha Wokuqashwa Kwezimboni
- I-Kiev Technological Institute of Food Fashion
- I-Theatre yaseshashalazini yesibukeli esisha (Yerevan)
- UMikoyanovka Village (manje isigodi sase-Oktyabrsky)
- I-Mikoyanabad Settlement e Tajikistan (Manje ICabaci)
- UMikoyan Village e-Armenia (manje ehegadzor)
- I-Farm Mikoyan esifundeni saseRostov (manje manje)
- UMikoyana Street eZaporizhia