I-Biograge
UGeorges Charles Dantes, uFanny Kaplan, uMark Chepman, uLee Harvey Oswald - Ukungena emlandweni wezwe, laba bantu badinga kuphela ukubulala omunye umuntu - edume kakhulu. I-Spaniard Khaima Ramon Mercide del Del Rio ayizange isule ibhayisekili futhi yadlula ngendlela efanayo.Ubuntwana nentsha
URamon wazalelwa edolobheni laseSpain laseBarcelona, emndenini weCatalan Pailo Merkader, umnikazi wefektri yezindwangu kanye nesitimela uMagnate Magnate, kanye nonkosikazi wakhe uCuba Karidad del Rio. Lo mcimbi wenzeka ngoFebhuwari 7, 1913. Eminyakeni emihlanu kamuva, kwaqhamuka enye ingane emndenini - indodakazi kaMariya, kamuva eyaba umlingisi nonkosikazi womqondisi we-Vittorio Domiriki de Sika.
Isikhathi eside, umndeni wawuhlala enhlokodolobha yaseFrance, ngemuva kokuhlukanisa iRamon no-1925, uRamon, kanye nonina nodadewabo, babuyela emuva eBarcelona, lapho aqhubeka khona nezifundo zakhe. Eminyakeni yabafundi, i-caladener esencane ibiyilungu lobuholi benhlangano yamaKhomanisi aseBarcelona, ehlanganisa iningi labantu abasha. Kamuva, lo mfo watholwa enecala lalokhu - isijeziso sabanjiswa izinyanga ezintathu eValencia.
Cishe ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokukhishwa kweRamon, ivolontiya leRamon langena ezikhundleni zamaRepublican ezibandakanyeka empini yombango eSpain (1936-1939). WayenguKhomishani wama-brigade angamashumi amabili nesikhombisa owalwa e-Aragon ngaphambili. Ulimale walaliswa esibhedlela.
Insiza ku-NKVD
Ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokubuyiselwa kweRamon ngemuva kokulimala, babezibandakanye nabasebenzi beCommussermiat yabantu ezindabeni zangaphakathi ze-USSR. Sekuyisikhathi eside bebukele lo mfowethu, bakubheka njengokutholwa okungenzeka. Siza ukuqasha uMerkader umama wakhe uCaridad, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba azalwe yiNdodana yaba yi-Agent yeSoviet phesheya.
Ngo-1937, uRamon Meslder (owaziwa nangokuthi uRamon Ivanovich Lopez) usuvele wavela emibhalweni yangaphakathi yokuphepha kombuso kanye ne-Comminding Commissariat.
Edlula "inkambo yomfazi osemusha" uMerkader waqala ukulungiselela umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala - ukuqeda ibhubesi lezinguquko elithwele, lapho ubuholi beqembu lamaKhomanisi bekholelwa khona, lalingumlandeli weMarxism kanye nesitha esibi kakhulu sabantu baseSoviet kanye nesitha esibi kakhulu sabantu baseSoviet.
Ukubulala Trotsky
ULieba Bronstein, owaziwa kangcono ngokuthi uLevi Danovich Trotsky, kusukela eminyakeni yokuqala eholwa imisebenzi yokuguqula okuthile okusebenzayo, lapho kunesixhumanisi. Ngo-1917, i-trotsky yaze yasebenzisa umholi weBolsheviks, kanti uVladimir Lenin wayecashe eFinland. Eqinisweni, uLev Damovich wayeyinhloko ye-Okthoba Revolution.
Ngo-1918, i-trotsky iba ama-misser wabantu bakwamanye amazwe, bese iqala ukuphenduka amandla amandla - inani eliphakeme lalo msebenzi liwela ekuqaleni kwempi yombango. Ngenxa yamasu asetshenziswa nguLvom Davidovich, ufaka izitha zakhe lapho ubhekene noGregory Zinoviev, uLioion KameNev noJosefa Stalin.
Ngemuva kokufa kukaLenin, ukuphela komzabalazo we-intravaluctive futhi uza ekhanda lekhanda likahulumeni uStalin, uTrotsky kufanele ashiye i-USSR. Ukube bekungengenxa yokukhululwa ngo-1936 izincwadi 'zoguquko othembekile', kuzobe kunqunyelwe konke, kepha le ncwadi yanyatheliswa, futhi umhlahlandlela we-Gosbea uthole umyalo wokuqeda i-Trotsky.
Umzamo wokuqala owenziwe yiqembu ngaphansi kobuholi bomculi uJosé Sicairos akaphumelelanga, ngakho-ke, ubuholi be-NKVD buya kubuza umbuzo wokulungiselela kwe-merkader elandelayo.
Umgcini kaRamon wenza omkhulu uNaum Eitigon ngokwakhe. Njengoba sesisebenze ngokuphelele, iMercider ngaphansi kwegama lomthengisi waseCanada uFrank Jackson uya e-United States. ENew York, ngaphansi kwegama elisha, uJacques Monrard Ramon uphuma eSilvia Aleoshoff - cishe iTrotsky.
Ngo-Okthoba 1939, uJacques kuthiwa wathuthela eMexico ezindabeni zomsebenzi, lapho kuhlala khona lapho. Ngokushesha, uMonrar amema uSilvia kuye, athi uphuthelwa yintombazane. Ngenxa ye-Ageloff ngoMashi 1940, uMerkader Monterar usaxhumana ngqo neTrotsky. URamona wakwazi ukukholisa ibhubesi uDavide Davovich ekuzibophezeleni kwakhe ekubukeni kweTrotSkyism, kanye nokulungela ngokwezezimali ukusiza ukusebenzisa izinhlelo.
Ngo-Agasti 20, lowo nyaka, uMerkaster uza eVilla Trotsky ukuyokunika i-athikili yakhe futhi alalele umbono kaLeo Cadwevich. Ngokusho kwalolu hlelo, iRamon ethuthukiswe kwi-NKVD kuyodingeka ikhuphuke i-trotsky efihlekile ngaphansi kwengubo ye-icecock (konke kwahlelwa ukuba kwenziwe buthule - ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izibhamu) ukucasha eMexico nonina ne-eitigon.
Kepha konke akuhambanga kahle lapho i-trotsky ingalahlekelwa ukuqaphela ngemuva kokushaya ngemuva kwekhanda, kepha ichazwe kabusha. UMergled wadideka, wayazi futhi emva komzuzwana wathunjwa ngokugada egumbini. URamona washaywa wabizwa ngamaphoyisa. UNaum Eitigon wabona ukuthi kukhona okungahambanga kahle, umama kaMerkader wasusa. Ngalobo busuku baphuma ezweni. UTrotsky ushone ngakusasa.
UMerkader wahlulelwa. Enkantolo, uRamon wazama ukuletha amanzi ahlanzekile, kodwa wathi wayenguJacques Monrair - umhawu onesizungu onqume ukwenza iqiniso lokuziphindisela, ukubulala iTrotsky. Akazange alahle iqiniso aze ahlukunyezwe ejele. Ngenxa yalokho, iNkantolo yaseMexico yagweba umfana iminyaka engama-20 ejele, futhi uMerkader wadluliselwa esikhungweni sejele ngombuso othambile. Igama langempela LamaRamon Mexican lathola eminyakeni eyi-6 kuphela kamuva.
UMerlder wakhonza ejele ngaso sonke isikhathi. NgoMeyi 6, 1960, wadedelwa. Ama-Soviet Agents aletha uRamon kuqala eCuba, kwathi e-USSR.
NgoMeyi 31, ngawo lowo nyaka wathola isihloko seqhawe seSoviet Union, kanye nokuhleleka kukaLenin kanye ne- "Golden Star", okwamlindele ngoJuni 6, 1941 (khona-ke uStalin wasayina isicelo sika I-Lavrenting Beriya ukuhombisa ababambiqhaza be-Operated Operated ngempumelelo yokuqeda iTrotTKy). Ngaphezu kwalokho, uRamon uthole indlu enamakamelo amane eMoscow e-Leningrad Propect (hhayi kude nomgwaqo omkhulu we-Leningrad naseVolokolamsk) kanye ne-cottage e-PGT. Kratto.
Ngokusemthethweni, uRamon waqala ukubonwa ngumsebenzi we-Institute of Marxism-Leninism, bese kuba isisebenzi songosi wombuso waseRussia womlando wezepolitiki wezepolitiki. Kunombono wokuthi isembozo lesi, futhi empeleni mesche umze waba yisisebenzi se-KGB.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
URamon Mercide wayeshade kabili. Unkosikazi wokuqala - u-Elena Umburt, - akazange amlindele ejele - ushonile eMoscow ngo-1942.
Unkosikazi wesibili waseRamon waba yigama lamaNdiya okuthiwa uRaquel (uRachel) Mendoza, owayesebenza njengomhlengikazi ejele, lapho kwakukhona khona uMercider. Intombazane incike ngemuva kokuhlukunyezwa okulandelayo nobuhlobo obubunjiwe phakathi kwabo. Lapho uRamon ededelwa, wamthatha naye eSoviet Union. E-USSR, i-raquel yaba yisikhulumi e-Spanish Edition of Radio Moscow.
Ukushona
Maphakathi nesikhombisa ekhulu leminyaka elidlule, uMerkaster esimemweni somuntu siqu sikaFidel Castro wathuthela eCuba ukufeza imisebenzi yomeluleki weNkonzo Yezangaphandle.
Ngo-Okthoba 18, 1978 eHavana Raman yafa kwaSarcoma. UThembe lakhe, nothuli bathuthwa eMoscow bangcwatshwa emathuneni aseKuntsevsky ngaphansi kwegama likaRamon Ivanovich Lopez. Isikhumbuzo esinesithombe sikaMerkader sabekwa ethuneni.
Ukukhumbula
Izimbambo ezilandelayo zasuswa ngokususelwa empilweni yeRamon:
- 1972 - "Ukubulala iTrotsky" Joseph Lowokie no-Alain Delon, uRichard Burton noRomidi Schneider.
- 1993 - "I-Trotsky" uLeonid Maryagin noViktor Sergachev noVyacheslav Razzhegayev.
- 2002 - UFrida Julie Taymore nge Solma Hayek, u-Alfred Molina noJeffrey Raster.
- Ngo-2009 - UTroatsky Jacob Tarnney noLenan Balaban, kanye naseJeide noTaylor Baruchel.
- 2011 - "Ukulwa: Owesifazane ngaphansi kwe-Vulture of" algis arlausoscas nge-sapatero nase-antonio spacera no-antonio.
- 2016 - "Ukhethwe" u-Antonio Chavarrias nge-Alfonso Elerero, Khanna Murray kanye noJulian Sands.
- 2017 - "I-Trotsky" Alexander Kotta neKonstantin Statsky ngeKonstantin Khabensky, evgeny skykanyov kanye noSergey Garmash.