I-Biograge
UHelmut Kohl usopolitiki waseJalimane owaba yiChancellor yezwe kathathu. UKoohl wathonya inqubo yokuhlanganiswa kwe-Federal Republic yaseJalimane ne-GDR, ekungeneni kweJalimane eNato kanye nokwethulwa kwe-Euro esikhundleni semikhiqizo.
I-biography yaseHelmut Kolya yaqala ngo-Ephreli 3, 1930. Usopolitiki wesikhathi esizayo wazalwa emkhayeni wezezimali. Obomdabu be-Helmut City yiLudwigshafen-on-Rhine. Ubaba Hans wazalelwa eBavaria. Umama wobusha obubizwa ngeChecilia. Ngaphezu kwesimungulu, ezinye izingane ezimbili zakhulisa emndenini.
Lo mndeni unake ezombusazwe. Ubaba noMama babesehlangothini lwabamele abasebenza ngokhandekule abalondolozekayo. Kepha abazikhohlwa izivumelwano zamaKatolika. Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yesibili, umfowabo omdala waseHelmut washona. Izepolitiki ezizayo zavikela udumo lwezwe enkundleni yempi. Kepha umsebenzi awuzange ufike eLawoti.
Ngo-1950, umfana wanquma ukuqhubekela phambili, ngakho-ke waba ngumfundi we-University of Frankfurt. Le nsizwa emiphefumulweni yayiyisayensi yezomthetho. Kepha ngemuva konyaka, isigxobo esigxotsheni esivela esikoleni siye eHeidelberg University. Izinto eziphambili zokutadisha uHelmut wakhetha umlando kanye nesayensi yezenhlalo.
Ipolitiki
Umsebenzi wezepolitiki weHelmut Kolya waqala eminyakeni yesikole, ngemuva kokungena kwe-Guy ku-Christian Democratic Union. Kamuva eLudwigshafen, uKohl wadala "inhlangano yentsha". Ukuqedwa kwezombusazwe kwaqinisa unyaka nonyaka, ngakho ngo-1953, kwakhethwa amalungu ebhodi le-KDS. Kamuva, le nsizwa yaba yiPhini likaSihlalo woMnyango we- "Youth Union", eRhideland Palatz.
Kancane kancane inqubomgomo yomsebenzi wathola umfutho. Ngo-1968, isiHelmut sasikwazile ukuvakashela izikhundla eziphakeme e-Christian Democratic Union. Ngenxa yalokho, ngakhetha insizwa ngokuthumela iPhini likaSihlalo weqembu. U-Aless Usiza ekwakhekeni kweKOLYA njengenqubomgomo enikelwe nge-FRITZ.
Ngaphezu kwalokho okuthunyelwe kukaSihlalo weqembu, uHelmuta wasithola isikhundla sikaNdunankulu uRhyland Nalatz. Le ndoda yasungula ukuguqulwa kwezokuphatha, kamuva yahlela i-University of Trira-Kaiserslautern, manje eyaziwa ngokuthi yi-University of Trier ne-Technical University of KaiserslouTe.
Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu, ukhetho lwenzeka ephathini. Akukwazanga ukufeza ukunqoba, ngakho-ke indawo kaSihlalo we-CDC yangena ezandleni zoMune Bartzel. Kepha injabulo yomphikisi yayifushane. Ngo-1973, isiHelmut saphinde samenywa kulesi sikhundla, lapho usopolitiki wasala khona kwaze kwaba ngu-1998.
Ngo-1976, uKolya wayenesifiso sokuqhubekela phambili. Ngalesi sikhathi nje, ukhetho lwabanjwa ku-Bundestag. Usopolitiki wanquma ukuzwa isiphetho kanye nesikhalo eposini likaChancellor. Imisebenzi yokuphromotha yaphumelela. Iqembu laseKolya lithole amavoti angama-48.6%. Kwakuwukunqoba okuncane kweqembu elilodwa, kepha ukuwina ukhetho ku-General XDS noHelmut kwehlulekile.
Ngenxa yalokhu uKolya kwadingeka ukuthi ushiye isikhundla sikaPhesti noPrime ungqongqozela bese ngiya kuBundestag njengenhloko yeqembu. Kepha kungalindelekile, abameleli be-Christian Social Union banquma ukushiya iqembu elihlangene. I-Hellmut ayikwazanga ukuvumela lokhu, ngakho-ke waqhubeka namaqhinga. Ubumbano bezakhamizi zeqembu elilodwa bakwazile ukusindisa. Kusukela ngo-1976 kuya ku-2002, uKohl wayeseBundestag njengephini.
Ibhodi esemthethweni yeHelmut Kolya yokuthunyelwe kwe-Federal Chancellor yaseJalimane yaqala ngo-Okthoba 1, 1982. Usopolitiki wathatha indawo kaHelmut Schmidt, owaveza ukuvota ukungathembani. Isinqumo esinjalo saholela ezinkingeni ngaphakathi kweqembu lentando yeningi lamahhala, ngoba okuthunyelwe kukaChancellor Kohl akufikanga ngokhetho.
Kepha uHelmut wayefuna ukufeza ukuqonda, ngakho-ke ubuze amalungu eBundestag eyodwa kuphela umbuzo - umbuzo wokuzethemba kumholi omusha wezwe. Amasekela amaningi anquma ukungahlali kude nalezi zinqubo, ngakho-ke uma ngithola engikufunayo. Ngonyaka ngemuva kokuqokwa nguChancellor Helmut, i-FRG enqunyelwe emaphikweni. Usopolitiki wamemezela ukuchithwa kweBundestag.
Isikhathi eside phakathi kweFrance neJalimane, ubudlelwano babuyanda. Kepha ngo-1984 konke kwashintsha. E-Battlefield, eVerden, abaphikisi abadala beHelmut Kohl noFrancois Mitteran bahlangana. Lesi sithombe esinokuhlanjululwa okusakazeke emhlabeni wonke futhi baba ubufakazi obuthembekile bokubuyisana kwezinhlangothi ezimbili.
Inqubomgomo yangaphandle neyangaphakathi yeJalimane eminyakeni lapho imithetho iHelmut Kohl yayinezilinganiso ezinhle nezingalungile. Ukunakwa okwandayo kwezepolitiki kwavela ukuthi kukhangwe ngemuva kweFlyca Scam. UHelmut wabangelwa yiKhomishini ngenxa yokuhlonywa ngemibuzo mayelana nokufumbathisa kuhulumeni.
NgoNovemba 1989, iBerlin Wall yawa. Ku-GDR bekukhona ushintsho olukhulu kwintando yeningi. Kukhuthaze uKoohl ukwethula uhlelo ku-Bundestag eyasiza ukusondela eJalimane nakwamanye amaYurophu. Kepha le phrojekthi ayivumelani nabalingani beqembu.
Maphakathi no-1990, iJalimane ne-GDR basayina isivumelwano sikahulumeni ngemali, ezomnotho nezenhlalo. Ukuguqulwa okungathí sina kwezomnotho kuthinte kabi isimo samabhizinisi. UHelmut Kohl wakwazi ukuphoqa amakhanda awo aseYurophu ukuba ahlangane futhi axhumanise ukuhlangana kwe-Federal Republic yaseJalimane ne-GDR ezweni elilodwa. Kamuva, iJalimane yawa ngezepolitiki eNato.
Inhlangano yavumela isigqoko sokuthuthukisa umsebenzi wezepolitiki. Ulwazi lokwanda nolwazi lwezisekelo zezengqondo ze-psychology zivumele owesilisa ukuvikela i-coup, eyakhiwe ngo-1989. UHeiner Gaisler, uLothar Spet noRita Zyusmouth baba ngabaqalayo.
NgoJanuwari 1991, uHelmut Kolya waphinde wakhiwa kabusha yi-Federal Chancellor. Imbangi kulolu khetho kwakunguNdunankulu uSaar Oscar Lafontane. Manje igama le-Helmut lizohlotshaniswa ngokuqondile nenyunyana yaseJalimane, ngoba osopolitiki waba yi-chancellor yokuqala yamazwe amasha.
Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu, uKoohl ukhethwe kabusha. Kulokhu, ukhetho lwalunzima, kepha uNdunankulu weRudolf Rudolf Sharping akakwazanga ukuphikisana neHelmut. Kusukela kulowo mzuzu kuqhubeke, uKook wakhetha amanye amaqhinga enkundleni yenqubomgomo yakwelinye izwe. Ensimini yeFrankfurt am Main, ngenxa yemizamo kaChancellor, kwathunyelwa ama-European Central Bank. Umkhiqizo waseJalimane weza uzobuyisela umkhiqizo waseJalimane.
Izindaba zangaphakathi zezifundazwe zahlala ngaphandle kokunakwa nguKohl. Lokhu kwase kuyisizathu sokulahleka kwama-XD okhethweni kwiBundestag ngo-1998. KuHelmut, lokhu kusho ukwesula. Ngo-2002, uKohl wenqabile ukuhlanganyela okhethweni olusha lokuthumela kwe-chancellor yaseJalimane.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Impilo yomuntu siqu inqubomgomo ayizange ibangele ukuba nentshisekelo emphakathini. Ngo-1960, uGelmut wathatha intombazane egama linguHannelore Runner. Okusanda kufakwa umhumushi kusebenze. Kuyaziwa ukuthi abantu abasha bahlangane iminyaka eyi-12 ngaphambi komshado.
Kepha ubudlelwane bothando buqale ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lowowabantu abazalwa umshado. UHannelore wahlushwa isikhathi eside ngenxa yokungezwani komzimba. Nsuku zonke owesifazane wancishwa amandla akhe, ngakho ngoJulayi 2001 eneminyaka engu-68 ezombusazwe oneminyaka engu-68 wazibulala.
Eminyakeni engu-78, uthando olusha lwalunqoba isigqoko. Umuntu othandekayo waba yi-T-Shirt Richter. Owesifazane wasebenza njengengcweti yezomnotho. UMike wabamba okuthunyelwe emnyangweni wezomnotho we-Federal Chancellor Mnyango.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ngeRich Tichter neKolya: Umcimbi wenzeka esibhedlela iHydelberg. Lapha ngalesi sikhathi osopolitiki wadlula izinga lokutakula ngemuva kokulimala okungathi sína okutholwe ngesikhathi sokuwa. Emgubhweni bekukhona izihlobo ezisondelene nabangane bombhangqwana.
Incwadi yokuqala ene-Memoirs Gelmut eshicilelwe ngo-2004. Le ngxenye ebizwa ngokuthi "izinkumbulo, ngo-1930 - 1982" UKohl wanikezelwa unkosikazi ovuthayo uHannelore. Mayelana nezombusazwe kamama ezakhunjulwa ngothando futhi zakholelwa ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe wawungukufaneleka komkakhe. Ivolumu yesibili lavela emashalofini ezincwadi ngonyaka, kanye nencwadi yesithathu - ngo-2007.
Ukushona
Izifo zitshele uHelmut Kohl. Ezinyangeni zokugcina zokuphila, usopolitiki akazange avele phambi kwabantu. NgoJuni 16, 2017, izihlobo zabantu bamemezela ukufa kwe-ex-chancellor yaseJalimane. Imbangela esemthethweni yokufa kwaso okusondelene ayizange ivezwe. Kepha abezindaba bavele kwabezindaba ukuthi osopolitiki bashonile ngenxa yezinkinga ngemuva kokuhlinzwa esiteji.
Umngcwabo kaHelmut Kola wenzeka ngoJulayi 1. Umkhosi wokuvalelisa wenzeka ePhalamende laseYurophu elisensimini yeStrasbourg. Owayengumongameli wase-US uBill Clinton, uChancellor waseJalimane u-Angela Merkel, uSihlalo weRussia Federation Dmitry Medwry Medvedev wafika wakuhle. Ipolitiki yamathuna iseSpaire.
Umcimbi wawungekho uMikhail Gorbachev. Ngenxa yezinkinga zempilo, odokotela ayenqatshelwe ukuya kuMongameli wangaphambili we-USSR eStrasbourg. Inhloko yeRussia Federation, uVladimir Putin waveza amazwi enduduzo futhi wathi ngezindlela eziningi izinhloso zakhe zezepolitiki zazinethonya likaKohl.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
- UGelmut Kol waba ngumqambi wobumbano lwe-FRG ne-GDR eJalimane.
- UChancellor waseJalimane wasayina isivumelwano saseMaastricht, esaphawula ukuqala kokudalwa kwe-European Union.
- Umsebenzi wezepolitiki weHelmut Kolya waphela ngenxa yokuhlazeka kwenkohlakalo.
- UHelmut Kohl wabhala ama-Memoirs ambalwa.
- Lapho eneminyaka engu-16, wajoyina iChristian-Democtic Union.
Ukukhumbula
- Ngo-2004 - "Izinkumbulo, 1930 - 1982"
- 2005 - "Memoirs. 1982 - 1990 "
- 2007 - "Memoirs. 1990 - 1994 "