I-Biograge
Umlobi waseRussia uSatir Evgeny Petrov waduma ngemuva kokukhishwa kwezincwadi "izihlalo eziyishumi nambili", "ithole legolide", "I-One-elokwalweni", "empini", ebhalwe phansi ngo-Ilya Ilf.
U-Evgeny Petrovich Kataev (igama langempela loMphakathi) wazalwa ngoDisemba 13, 1902 e-Odessa. Lapho abantu abangajwayelene nomsebenzi futhi izimpilo zika-Eugene bafunda i-autobiography yakhe, banombono wokuthi uMdali akazange aphile ngendlela yangempela, kodwa ekahle iSoviet Union. Kwabhalwa ngemahhala, wabhala ukuthi ngangifuna, wahamba emhlabeni wonke futhi wakugwema ngokuyisimangaliso ukuboshwa nokucindezelwa ngesikhathi lapho betshalwe khona.
Kuliqiniso, uma ugaya ngokujulile, kuvela ukuthi impilo yangempela yentatheli yayihlukile kwe-biography esemthethweni. Kuyaziwa ukuthi iminyaka embalwa, akekho owazi kahle usuku lokuzalwa luka-Eugene, ngakho-ke kuwo wonke ama-encyclopedia akhombisa ngo-Okthoba 1903. Kuphela lapho kuphela ama-1960s, abasebenzi bakwa-Odessa Archive bathola incwadi ye-metric lapho kwabhalwa khona usuku lokuzalwa nobhapathizo, konke kwawela kuyo.
Umlobi ubaba - uPeter Vasilyevich Kataev - wasebenza njengothisha eCiocesan kanye ne-Umerky Odeska Collections. Unina ka-Eugene - u-Ukraine wasePoltava, wabulawa ngokuvuvukala kwamaphaphu ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuzalwa kwendodana yesibili (umbhali unomfowethu ophezulu uValentin).
Kuyaziwa ukuthi uKakao wayenomtapo wezincwadi obanzi womndeni, kepha izincwadi zakudala azizange zikhange u-Eugene. Umfana onolwazi wafundwa yizincwadi zikaGustav Emar, uRobert Lewis Stevenson noJack London.
Ngo-1920, u-Evgeny uthweswe iziqu ze-Odessa Classical Gymnasium, lapho u-Alexander Kozachinsky ayefunda naye ekilasi UPubliast wesikhathi esizayo, ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, wasebenza njengombhali we-Ukraine Telegraph ejensi, futhi ngemuva komhloli ophenya ubugebengu e-Odessa.
Bambalwa abantu abakwaziyo, kepha ngo-1922 ngesikhathi bejaha nge-Shootout Katas abambelela umngani wakhe uKozachinsky, owahola iqembu lezigelekeqe laseRavenrs. Kamuva, umbhali uzuze ukubuyekezwa kwecala lakhe lobugebengu. Ngenxa yalokho, u-Alexander akazange adutshulwe, wathunyelwa ekamu.
Le ndaba kamuva yaqhubeka isisekelo sendaba ye-adventure "i-Green Van", i-prototype yomlingiswa ophambili wayo - VolOnya Patrikeev - waba yiPetrov. Futhi, emsebenzini ngo-1959 nango-1983, kwasuswa amafilimu.
Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu, uKataev wathuthela eMoscow. Lapho, le nsizwa yazithola ukuzenzela kanye nobuntatheli. Kakade ngo-1924, ama-feuetones okuqala nezindaba ezingaphansi kwePseudonyl Petrov avele kumagazini we-Satirical "upelepele". Isikhathi sokubhala isikhathi sakhe se-satirik sasebenzisa amanye ama-pseudonym. Kwenziwa, ngoba umbhali akafuni imisebenzi yakhe ebhalwe kumfowabo.
Ngaphambi kokuqala kokubambisana no-Ilya Ilfom, u-Evgeny Petrov oshicilelwe izindaba ezingaphezu kwamashumi amahlekisayo nezindaba ezinama-spindi ahlukahlukene futhi wakhipha ukuhlanganiswa ezintathu ezimele. Ngo-1926, usebenza ephephandabeni laseGudok, oPhikweni loMphakathi wajwayelana no-Ilya Ilfom, lapho esezigabeni zokuqala ecubungula khona izinto zokwakha iGudok, futhi waqamba izingqikithi zemidwebo "Menphach".
Lapho kuqala impi, uPetrov waba ngumbhali wezempi eSovinformbüro. Ubhale ama-soviet phrinta futhi emsebenzini, imvamisa isikhathi eside, evakashele ngaphambili. Lapho umlobi ebuya evela ngaphansi kwe-maloyaroslavets a ngama-wave eqhude.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ophikweni lukahulumeni aluzange lukhulume, yena njengoba ekwazi ukusifihla esimweni sakhe kozakwethu nasezihlotsheni. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngokushesha nje lapho sekube lula kancane, intatheli yathatha ngokushesha ukubhala mayelana nokulwa kwama-maloyaroslavets.
UKonstantin Simonov, obevakashele uPetrov kolunye uhambo olude kakhulu oluya enyakatho, wakhumbula ukuthi u-Eugene waba nzima kakhulu ukunqoba ibanga elide ukusuka enhliziyweni ebuthaka. U-Simonov osemusha wayevame ukunikela ngosizo lukaKatasha, kodwa uPetrov wenqaba ngokuphelele futhi wajabula lapho ethengiswa noma afika endlunkulu.
Into yokufunda
Ehlobo lika-1927, u-Ilf noPetrov bathatha uhambo oluya eCrimea, iCaucasus bavakashela u-Odessa. Bahola idayari yohambo lokuhamba. Kamuva, umbono walolu hambo ufakiwe kwinoveli "izihlalo eziyishumi nambili", ezanyatheliswa ngo-1928 kumagazini wezemibhalo wanyanga zonke "30". Le noveli yayinempumelelo enkulu evela kubafundi, kodwa yahlangana ngokubandakanye nabagxeki bokubhala. Ngisho nangaphambi kokushicilelwa kokuqala, ukucwaninga kwamnciphise ngokuqinile. Ngokushesha kwaqala ukuhumusha inoveli ezilimini zaseYurophu, futhi yashicilelwa emazweni amaningi aseYurophu.
Inoveli elandelayo kwakuyi "Ithole legolide" (1931). Ekuqaleni, umsebenzi wawuphrinta ngezingxenye eza njalo ngenyanga "izinsuku ezingama-30". NgoSeptemba 1931, u-Ilya Ilf no-Evgeny Petrov babekwa ezimfundisweni zeRed Army esifundeni samasosha aseBelarusian. Ngokusho kwezinto zohambo ngomagazini "izinsuku ezingama-30", kwashicilelwa "isihloko esinzima" esinzima ". Kusukela ngo-1932, ilf noPetrov banyatheliswa ephephandabeni lasePravda.
Ngo-1935-1936, abalobi benza uhambo oluya e-United States, umphumela wayo kwakuyincwadi ethi "I-One-Letitoc America" (1937). Futhi ngokubambisana ne-Ilya Ilf, amanoveli "Izindaba ezingajwayelekile ezivela empilweni yedolobha laseKolocolamsk" (1928-1929), amanoveli agqamile "izinsuku eziyi-1001 (1929) kanye nama-Heliginal eminye imisebenzi emangalisayo.
Ukubambisana kokudala kwababhali kuphazamise ukufa kwe-ILF ngawo-1937. UKataas wenze okuningi ukuthuthukisa inkumbulo yomngane wakhe. Ngo-1939, washicilela "amabhukwana" ka-Ilya Ilf, kamuva wakhulelwa ukubhala inoveli ebizwa ngokuthi "umngani wami ilf". Kuliqiniso, inoveli ayizange iqedwe futhi imidwebo ngayinye kuphela kanye nezinketho zohlelo oluthunyelwe.
IPeru Evgenia Petrov ingeyamakhompiyutha amaningi amafilimu. Ngokubambisana ne-Ilya Ilf, "Black Barack" (1933), "Kwake kwadalwa" (1936). Kamuva ku-George Monguctuete, "Indaba Yomculo" yavela (1940), "kusho u-Anton Ivanovich ethukuthele" (1941).
U-Kataev wedwa wabhala izimo zamafilimu "Tikha Ukraine ebusuku" kanye "nomoya womoya". Kuyaziwa nangokuthi umbhali usebenze embhalweni wefilimu ethi "Circus", kodwa ekugcineni ngafuna ukukhombisa isibongo sami kumakhredithi.
Phakathi kokunye, amafilimu enziwa yimisebenzi ye-Ilf nePetrov: "Ithole legolide" (1968), "izihlalo eziyishumi nambili" (1971), "ilf kanye ne-tram's Tram" (1972). Futhi ku-Google KATAEVA "Island of the World" kudutshulwe yikhathuni "Mnu Wolk" (1949).
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Unkosikazi ka-Eugene wabiza uValentina, wayeneminyaka engu-8 ubudala. UPetrov uzimangaze othandekayo wakhe nsuku zonke futhi wenza konke ukuze ukumamatheka akuhambanga kulowo muntu. Intsha ebuthaka ubudlelwane lapho le ntombazane ingenasishiyagalolunye. Ngemuva komshado, umlobi wagcizelelwa ngumkakhe njengesimo sengqondo sokuhlonipha. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi umshado awuzange ube nethonya lemfashini ebudlelwaneni obukhululekile, ukusakazeka ngawo-1920s endaweni yaseBohemian.
Kwazalwa amadodana amabili kulo myunyana - uPeter (waqanjwa ngokuthi uBaba) no-Ilya (aqanjwe ngomngane). Ngokwemilomu yomzukulu walomlobi, ugogo wakhe kuze kube sekufeni kokufa (ngo-1991) baqhubeka nokuthanda umyeni wakhe futhi abakaze basuse indandatho eyethulwe kubo.
Indodana endala ka-Evgeny neValentina yaba ngu-opharetha wefilimu, yasusa amateyipu amaningi athandwayo eSoviet. I-Ilya encane isebenza ngumqambi, yabhala umculo kumafilimu ambalwa kanye nama-serials.
Ukushona
UPetrov wasinda kumngani wakhe u-Ilya iminyaka emihlanu. Ngemuva kokufa kwe-Ilf, ukufa kwahamba ngemuva ngokoqobo evgenia ezithendeni. Lapho umlobi efebhuri yeGymnasium ekhanda i-sulfide, futhi wawuphulwe kancane emoyeni omusha. Lapho-ke umgibeli wamabhayisekili wadubula osolwa ngumuntu osolwa eMilan, futhi wacishe wawela ngaphansi kwamasondo adlula ngemoto.
Ngesikhathi sempi yaseFinland, igobolondo lawela ekhoneni lendlu, lapho umlobi wendaba ethi "Bludad Dad" wachitha ubusuku bonke. Ngaphansi kweMoscow, intatheli yawa ngaphansi kwezimayini zamaJalimane futhi yasinda. Ngawo lowo nyaka, umbhali wesikrini ugobe iminwe yomnyango wangaphambili "Eki". Kwenzeka lapho indiza yaseJalimane ibishaye umlobi, futhi kwakudingeka ashiye imoto agijime egumbini lokulala.
UMdali ushone ngesikhathi seMpi enkulu yokuthanda izwe. Lapho owesibili kaJulayi 1942, u-Evgeny wabuyela endizeni eMoscow, umshayeli wendiza, eshiya amabhomu, wehlise ukuphakama kwendiza wawela enduku. Kubantu abaningana ababesesikebheni, kwashona uPetrov kuphela, owayeneminyaka engama-38 ngaleso sikhathi.
Izinsalela zombhali zingcwatshwe esifundeni saseRostov edolobhaneni laseMankovo-Kaltinsky.
I-Bibliography
- 1922 - "Umsebenzi weqiniso"
- 1924 - "Akushiswa"
- 1926 - "Joy Megas"
- 1927 - "Ngaphandle Kombiko"
- 1928 - "Izihlalo eziyishumi nambili"
- 1928 - "Ubuntu obuqhakazile"
- 1929 - "Cap"
- Ngo-1931 - "Ithole Eligolide"
- Ngo-1934 - "Indlela Yokuphila Kuthule"
- Ngo-1936 - "Indaba Enye I-Melika"
- 1942 - "Empini"
- 1942 - "Idayari yangaphambili"
- Ngo-1965 - "Uhambo oluya ezweni lobuKhomanisi" (Ongapheli)