I-Biograge
ILuino Wisconti - Umqondisi wethikithi yaseTothema ne-cinema, okuthi amafliya awo anemisebenzi engama-37. Udumo kumculi wezobuciko waletha amateyipu "othambekele", "uRocco nabafowabo" kanye "nemidwebo yomndeni engaphakathi".
ULunono Wiscontiwi wazalwa ngoNovemba 2, 1906 eMilan. Ubaba woMqondisi, uMuuseppe Wisconti Di Modron, ubuciko obuthandayo futhi wayaziwa kubahlali bendawo njengabashisekeli bezemidlalo. Umama womsebenzi wobuciko, uKarl Erba, waqhamuka emndenini, waceba ngokuzikhandla embonini yezemithi.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi, ngaphezu kukaLunono, abazali balethela izingane eziyisikhombisa, ngasinye sazo esingazinikwanga naye futhi sazibandakanya nezilimi zakwamanye amazwe noma ezemidlalo noma ngomculo. Umqondisi osebusheni phakathi kweminyaka embalwa wafunda lo mdlalo ku-cello.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ubaba wasendlini wezintandane utshalwe ezingqondweni zamadodakazi namadodana umbono wokuthi kulomhlaba kuzodingeka ukuthi uzuze ubunzima bese.
Ukusuka e-Biography of Cinematograph, kuyaziwa ukuthi ngemuva kokuthola isitifiketi mayelana nemfundo ephakathi yeWiscunti, ekuncomeni komsizi wemfashini, uCoco Chanel uthole umsizi we-Jean Renoara Group, owayehamba ngeLimu "Wokuhamba" kulokho isikhathi. Umsebenzi eRenuara waba yindawo yokuqala emsebenzini weLuino.
Kuliqiniso, izinyanga ezimbalwa ngemuva kwe-Premiere, iKinol Center Visconti ibisezingeni lokumelana ne-anti-fascist. Wamboza endlini yakhe yabantu waphishekela amaFascists, waze wasiza amasosha amabutho ahlangene ukuba abaleke ekudingisweni kwesiJalimane.
ERoma uLunoni, iGestapo yaboshwa kwavimbela ukubulawa ngokuyisimangaliso. Ngo-1945, yena, kanye namanye ama-cinematographiers, akhiphe incwadi ethi Masizinda yokumelana ne-Anti-fascist - "izinsuku zenkazimulo".
Phakathi kokunye, ngisho nangaphambi kokuphela kwempi, uWiscontinti waba nomsebenzi osheshayo njengoMqondisi wethiyetha. Kusukela ngoJanuwari 1945 kuya kuFebhuwari 1947, wafaka ezenzweni eziyishumi nanye ezimangazayo ezigcawini ezahlukahlukene ze-Italy.
Ngo-1946, uLuinono wasungula i-troupe yakhe ngendlu yokuhlala unomphela eshashalazini yaseRoma "Elise". Ngenxa yalokho, "eliseo", eyayikhona iminyaka eyishumi nambili, yaba yimidlalo yaseshashalazini yokuqala yase-Italy, yaphinde yamelana novivinyo lwesikhathi.
Ngokusho kukaVisconti uqobo, emisebenzini yayo ekhazinyulisiwe yawo-1940s, izilaleli zazinomuzwa wokuthi zintsha ngokuphelele, zingakaze zibonwe. Ukusebenza okungokoqobo okungajwayelekile nokwenziwa ngokoqobo kwahlasela umphakathi.
Amafilimu
Ifilimu lokuqala elithi "Obstression" ("ongumnikazi"), owayeshicilelwe ngo-1942, kwakuwukuhlolwa kwenoveli kaJames Kane "i-postman ibiza kabili." Ngokuphikisana nesizinda se- "Parade" cinema okubusene ngesikhathi se-cinema ye- "Parade", ubugebengu kanye ne-retribution yahlukaniswa ngokuqinile, hhayi isithombe esinxibekile sesinxibi sase-Italy, umfutho ogqamile kanye nomthambeka wezifiso.
Ngo-Agasti 1948, ifilimu elithi "Umhlaba Shardit" lalimelelwa izilaleli emkhosini wamafilimu waseVenetian. Lesi sithombe sahlasela yonke inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yeqiniso nesithunzi esikhulu senkondlo.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ngokudubula ama-movie, iWiscontinti ihlala igqugquzelwa ugqozi enkundleni yemidlalo yeshashalazi. Ukubeka eLa Scala, iTrichat Opera Gaspare SPOniToni "entshonalanga, umqondisi wadala le filimu" umuzwa "(1954), owabonisa ukuthi ubalulekile eLunono isihloko sokuphikisana kanye nenqwaba yokuziphatha komphakathi.
Ukulungiswa ngo-1957, indaba kaFyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky "ubusuku obumhlophe", uWiscontinti wathutha lo mthetho e-Italy futhi wahlala phansi indwangu ye-lyricism, umdlalo wamahhala we-dravasy kanye neshashalazi. Ngawo-1960s, i-cinematographher ibuyela esihlokweni somuzi wanamuhla kwifilimu "uRocco kanye nabafowabo" bezinkolelo zase-Italy. Kule filimu, waphakamisa inkinga yezenhlalo yokuzivumelanisa nezifo zasekufika eningizimu yezwe ezikhungweni zezimboni e-Italy.
Ngakho-ke esibonelweni sesiphetho sabafowethu bakwaRocco, uSinenbone, uChiro noLuka bakhombisa impilo yama-Italiya alula aleso sikhathi. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yempumelelo yale filimu ingeyabalingisi u-Anni Girardo (Nadia), i-Alain Delon (ROCO) kanye ne-Renato Salvatori (Simone), ekopishe kahle nezindima zayo.
Futhi ngawo-1960s, uVisconti wasebenza ngohlobo lwefilimu elifushane. Ngo-1961, wasusa isiqephu "umsebenzi" ku-Novella Gi de Maupassant "embhedeni" wefilimu "Bokcchcho-70", kwathi ngo-1966 - "iSordring, eshisiwe ephila" ngefilimu "umthakathi".
Ngo-1962, uWiscontionti wabeka ifilimu "leopard". Lesi sithombe, sihlungwe yinoveli nguGiuseppe Tomazi di Lampodusa, lalandiswa ngokuwohloka kwezakhiwo saseSicily kanye nokuphuma kongxiwa konxina ngesimo somlando. Ngo-1963, itheyipu yanikezwa umklomelo omkhulu weCannes Film Festival. Enye inketho yokufa kohlobo lomndeni wethulwa kwifilimu ethi "Izinkanyezi Eziyiphutha Zamabhere Amabi" (1965 - Umklomelo Omkhulu Wemikhosi Yefilimu yaseVenetian), izimpawu ezigcwele kanye nezinhlangano ezahlukahlukene.
Ngo-1967, uLuino wavikelwa yiRoma albera camus "string". Ifilimu elilandelayo "Ukufa konkulunkulu" (1969) kwalandiswa ngumndeni wezimboni zaseJalimane, mayelana nokuziphatha kwenhlalo yeNhlangano kanye nokufika kwamaFascists.
Ngawo lowo nyaka, iqoqo le-cinematic lamanoveli amahlanu ahluziwe ngabaqondisi baseLuino Visconti, eMauro Boologna, ePierre Poosi, uFranco Rossi kanye neVittorio de Sika, wakhishwa.
Iqiniso lokuthi uVisconti walazi kahle futhi waqonda isiko laseJalimane, le misebenzi elandelayo yafakazelwa yilokhu: "Ukufa eVenice" (1971), uLudwig (1973). Ifilimu ikhala yalezi zithombe "Trilogy yaseJalimane" yeWisconti.
Ifilimu "Ukufa eVenice" yahlungwa nguNoveral odumile kaThomas Mann ngo-1971 futhi yanikezwa umklomelo weCannes Festival. Uqede "i-" German Trilogy "Tape" Ludwig "- Mayelana neKing Bavarian, nge-vain ezama ukudala uMbuso ophelele.
Umqondisi waphupha ngokuguqula "i-German Trilogy" eTetrallogo, evikela "intaba yomlingo" kaThomas Mann, futhi ngaleyo ndlela aqedele umsebenzi we-cinematographic. Kuliqiniso, ekuqaleni wabeka ifilimu lomndeni "imidwebo yomndeni engaphakathi" ngenombolo encane yezinhlamvu. Izindima eziphambili kulo mdwebo zenziwa nguBert Lancaster, uHelmut Berger noSilvana Mangano. Ekwindla ka-1974, "imidwebo yomndeni engxenyeni yangaphakathi" yaqedwa. Iqhawe letheyipu liyindlela yokuqonda, eshiya, ekhetha ukuxhumana nabantu abaqoqayo.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Impilo yomuntu siqu kaWiscontin ibibona abalandeli boMqondisi nomona. ULunono akakaze afihle isifiso sakhe sobulili esingajwayelekile.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngezikhathi ezihlukile umthwebuli wezithombe uHorst P. Horst, umdwebi wase-Italiya uFranco Dziffieltlli, u-Actor Helmut Berger. Futhi, umlobi wesikrini ezinyangeni ezimbalwa wahileleka ne-Aristocrat ye-Aristocrat ye-Irma Winec.
Ukushona
UWisconti wamshiya umsebenzi ngemuva kokuwa waphula intamo yethanga. Ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuhamba nokulungiselela ukudla kwabo efulethini lomculi odumile, ngokuhlukile "umsebenzi" wendabuko nabangane.
Phakathi kokunye, kwakukhona nezincwadi ezithandekayo namarekhodi omculo ngaphambi kokuphela kwezinsuku, okuwukuphela kokwamukelwa empilweni yomuntu, okuboshwe embhedeni.
Izinkinga ezibangelwa ukubanda okuqinile zilethe ukuphela kwazo. ULuinono ushone ngoMashi 17, 1976, waba nesikhathi sokuqedela ukudubula kokuvinjelwa kwenoveli yomlobi uGabriel D'Annunzizi - "Ungenacala". Ngaphambi kokuba afe, umqondisi omkhulu wayefisa ukuthi ukubhaliswa kwaqoshwe ekubhekenitheni kwakhe:
"Wavuma uWilliam Shakespeare, Anton Chekhov noGiuseppe Verdi."Izics
- 1943 - "Ukuphawula"
- 1948 - "Umhlaba Umhlaba"
- 1951 - "Okuhle kakhulu"
- 1954 - "Ukuzizwa"
- 1957 - "Ubusuku Abamhlophe"
- 1960 - "Rocco nabafowabo"
- Ngo-1963 - "Leopard"
- Ngo-1965 - "Izinkanyezi ezingalimazi zemalar enkulu"
- Ngo-1967 - "ntambo"
- Ngo-1969 - "Ukufa KwabaNkulunkulu"
- 1971 - "Ukufa eVenice"
- 1972 - "Ludwig"
- 1974 - "Imidwebo Yomndeni Engaphakathi"
- 1976 - "Umsulwa"