I-Biograge
Ithalente lakhe layithanda uCharlie Chaplin ngokwakhe, owabiza isithombe ngokuthi "u-Ivan Grozny" impumelelo ephezulu kakhulu ohlontweni lwamafilimu omlando. " IHollywood maphakathi nawo-1920 yameme ubuhlakani obusencane ukuthi basebenze eMelika, futhi "umholi wazo zonke izizwe" wamnika amaphrimiyamu amabili aqinile. Kepha ngokubukeka ngempumelelo, umuntu owayengesihle wayecashe, onke ama-glimpses enjabulo nenkululeko yokudala athathelwa indawo yimichilo emnyama yokudangala nokushushiswa.
Umfundi onethalente likaVsevolod Meyerhold, i-cinema boorist, eyayimi nge-cradle yayo, i-Innovator, yathola ukuhlanganiswa kwesithombe nezenzo, - USergey Eisenstein wafa ngokuhamba, awuzange ube nesikhathi sokuphila kanye nengxenye yokuzalwa .
Ubuntwana nentsha
I-classic yesikhathi esizayo ye-cinema yazalwa ngoJanuwari 1898 eRiga, khona-ke uMbuso WaseRussia. USergey wakhula emndenini ocebile, lapho abazali ababili abanothando benza isifiso esincane sendodana encane, efana nengelosi enezinwele zelineni kanye namehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. URorick noma ikati, njengoba umfana ebizwa, ephumule ehlobo olwandle ehlobo, abanye baye baya ekisini, i-synatographer kanye nethiyetha.
Endlini yama-eSensteins, kwakukhona izivakashi ezidumile, izikhulu zasemadolobheni nabathengisi. Amaholide agujwa ngesilinganiso. Ngonyaka omusha - isihlahla sikaKhisimusi emihlobisweni enophahleni, ngezinsuku zokuzalwa zeRoya - ingadi ekukhanyiseni, ezenziwa ezenziwe ekhaya kanye nezintaba zezipho. Futhi uma kungenjalo ukuxabana kwaphakade, ubuntwana bomfana bangaba nomona kontanga ngamunye.
Ubaba womnqobi wesikhathi esizayo wamaprimiyamu esiteji esiteji - uMikhail Aizenstein (kamuva e-Eisenstein) - Wenzeke emndenini ongumthengisi wamaJuda, owahlala eKiev. UMikhail Osipovich wafunda eMklami wawuxazululwa ngokukhethekile, njengoba ufike esigabeni someluleki we-st st stat futhi wamukela impahla enhle. ERiga nanamuhla kunezindlu eziningi ezenziwe nguYe.
Kepha isisekelo senhlala-kahle yomndeni siyi-materry dowry. Umkhulu uSergey Eisenstein ngomama - u-Ivan Ballky - ongumnikazi we- "Nevsky Barge Sporting". Ngingcwabe umthengisi ngezihlonipho - e-Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Indodakazi kaJulia yathola i-dowry ecebile. Endlini yama-eSensdeins kwagcina inceku.
Umhlaba we-Crystal wenhlala-kahle umndeni washaqeka eSnijereens. Inqubo Emahlaselayo Yomshado - UMikhail Eisenstein iminyaka emi-4 eNkantolo waphikisana nokungathembeki komkakhe - wangcwaba ubuntwana obujabulile uRorik: neminyaka eyi-11, ngemuva kokuhlelela abazali bakhe, umfana wakujabulela ukulunga ebuntwaneni bakhe. Umama waya eSt. Petersburg, nendodana yakhe yahlala noyise eRiga.
Wathululela kunina ukuba enze umama wakhe, noJulia walala ekati ngezipho, ngaphandle kokumbona. I-Eisenstein Jr. ithole ukwakheka okuhle kakhulu: ngokushelelayo izilimi ezintathu zakwamanye amazwe, wadlala upiyano, wapenda, wathwebula izithombe, ezigcinwe esihlalweni.
Ekwindla ka-1914, uSergei Eisenstein aphothule esikoleni eRiga futhi ngonyaka olandelayo waba umfundi weNyuvesi Yobunjiniyela eSt. Petersburg, owayephothule uYise ngaphambili.
Indodana ihambile kumzali, kepha ukwakhiwa kwalo akuzange kudonswe le nsizwa: Enkumbulweni yakhe, kwathunjwa uMose wathunjwa yizithombe zemibono yesekethe ne-synamatograph ebuntwaneni. Futhi - amafreyimu we-movie ekhohlisayo ebonwe eParis, ethwelwe ngumqondisi waseFrance uGeorge Mel, umsunguli wemiphumela ekhethekile nephayona lemicabango yefilimu.
Amafilimu
E-Oktyabrskaya Revolution Sergey Eisenstein, ngokungafani noyise, wamukele umphefumulo. Wangena ezikhundleni zevolontiya lebutho elibomvu. Ngalesi sikhathi, kwaqala i-biography yakhe yokudala. I-Eisenstein ibilungiselela ukusebenza kweselula, amakhathuni apendiwe kanye nama-caricature ku-Entente, ejabule ekubhujisweni kwendlela yokuphila ebukhoma.
Ngo-1920, kwathunyelwa umqondisi wefilimu wesikhathi esizayo ukuyofunda e-Faterf Academy. USergey Eisenstein wathatha isifundo samaJapane, kodwa yinto esemqoka - weza eMoscow, lapho impilo yamasiko ibibilayo, lapho kwenziwa khona imisebenzi emisha.
Ngokushesha, i-eisenstein yathatha isikhathi eside ukuthi isikhathi eside iphupha ngasikhathi: Ngibeka okwenziwe enkundleni yemidlalo yekhathuni yezolimo futhi ngafunda ezifundweni ze-vsevolod meyerhold.
Ifilimu yokwakha umqondisi osemusha yaphuma ngo-1924: USergey Eisenstein wayala isithombe sesiteleka saseRussia ngo-1905 .
NgoDisemba, ukucwaswa kuvumile itheyipu, kwathi ngoNovemba, uTrotsky wamnakekela. Umqondisi ubelinde ukuguqulwa kwefilimu ngokushesha, kepha akazange asheshe. Kulokhu, u-Eisena, njengoba igama lakhe bebengabangane bakhe kanye nozakwabo, baxosha ngaphandle kophenyo. Isifundo esivela kuSoviet Power Sergei Eisenstein asisizanga: Waqhubeka nokuphinda ayelaphi amafilimu ngenxa yokubalwa kwabantu.
Ngo-1925, naphezu kosizi emahlathini angochwepheshe nangokwabo, kwaba ukunqoba kwe-eSenstein. Umqondisi asuse ifilimu lakhe elikhulu uSedelly - umdwebo "wempi ye-potemkin". Indaba ye-bunte emkhunjini isuselwa emicimbini yangempela, uSergey Mikhailovich waqinisa kuphela amaqiniso ngokomoya.
Lesi sithombe saphenduka amandla anamandla kangangokuba asixazululwa ukukhombisa entshonalanga. EFrance, "kwabona ama-armadapors kaPotemkin" ngo-1953, kwathi eJapan ngo-1959.
Ngemuva kokukhishwa kwesikole samafilimu, uSergei Eisenstein wavuka edumile. Ngonyaka olandelayo, i-genius yaseSoviet yamenyelwa eHollywood. UJoseph Stalin, ubopha inhliziyo, ake aqondiswe ohambweni lwebhizinisi elide. Ngaphambi kokusuka, wathatha isithombe esithi "Okthoba", kepha wayenempumelelo encane.
Endleleni eya e-United States, i-eSenstein yavakashela eYurophu. Izilimi ezintathu, wakhuluma emsakazweni, funda izinkulumo eCambridge naseSorbonne, wahlangana noBernard Shaw, uGreta Garbo kanye noFedor Shalyapin.
EMelika, ifilimu elizwakalayo lesilinganiso se- "Potemkin" lalindiswe kusukela eRussia avuthwa e-cinema, kodwa ngezinto zaseMelika. I-Eisenstein yathuma ukudutshulwa kwenhlekelele yaseMelika kwinoveli nguTheodore woMshali, kodwa ngemuva kwenyanga yomqondisi, ukudumala kwakulindile: Ukusolwa kweStudio "kwezepolitiki yedrama yomuntu.
Abadlali befilimu "ababomvu" bakhokha indlela eya ekhaya, futhi uSergey Eisenstein waya eSoviet Union ngeHawaii, eJapan nase China. EMexico, ngaphansi kwenkontileka nomlobi weSocialist, i-Epppton Sinclair yathatha isithombe esithi "Long Live Mexico!", Kodwa phakathi komsebenzi, uStalin wathumela ucingo lwe-telegram ukuba libuye ngokushesha. UCharlie Chaplin, njengoba ebonile ingxenye yokuqala yeteyipu ebizwa nge- "Storm phezu kwe-Mexico City", ibizwe ngokuthi yi- "Best World Film Film".
Izindlu uSergey Eisenstein zilinde ukwamukelwa okubandayo kanye nokudumazeka komholi. UStalin wakunakekela ukuthi i-eisen ayikwazanga ukuphinda ikwazi ukungena kuma-opharetha wefilimu aphambili e-USSR. " Ukusuka ekubulaweni kwayo kwasindisa ukukhulumisana kuka-Andrei Zhdanov noVyacheslav Molotov. I-Mattracks kusuka ekuqopheni, yafundisa eVGIK, ifundisa umbono wabafundi kanye nomkhuba wezindaba.
Entwasahlobo yango-1935, uSergei Eisenstein wabuyela kulo msebenzi wayibuyisela indaba yomlando wePavlik Morozov, ebiza isithombe esithi "Bezhin Mead". Ukuphathwa okuyinhloko kwe-cinematography, ngaphandle kwediphozithi ayikho ifilimu eyayihlutshiwe, kwenziwa ukuhlelwa embhalweni, kepha umqondisi akazange athathe. Isidingo sokunciphisa lesi sigameko ngokunqotshwa kwesonto, uSergei Eisenstein akanakwa futhi wakwenza kube yinto esemqoka.
Umsebenzi wefilimu uphazamise lesi sifo - Umqondisi wagula ngezicucu ezimnyama. Ngenkathi alulame, iziqephu zibheka izikhulu zokuphatha futhi zayalwa ukuba ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde zibuyise iribhoni. I-Eisenstein yenqabile. Iminyaka emibili ye-etching, ukunqoba ukugxekwa nokuxabana nezikhulu kwakungelona izeluleko: USergey Eisenstein wayeseduze kokuzibulala.
U-Master ubuyile emsebenzini ngawo-1938, eminyakeni emithathu kamuva. Isimo sale blockbuster sasisezandleni zakhe - isithombe esingokomlando "Alexander Nevsky". Ifilimu lesabelomali esiphansi se-ESesenstein senze ukuthi kungaba nento yokudubula ngokungadabuki. Kepha i-eisen egqamile yaphinde yamangala futhi, isusa ubuciko obusezingeni eliphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa ne- "potemkin".
Ngisithandile lesi sithombe ku-stalin, futhi umqondisi we-boligar wethulwa ngokulandelana kukaLenin, bese kuba ngumklomelo we-stalinist. Ekuqaleni kuka-1941, inkosi yathatha umsebenzi wobuciko wokugcina "u-Ivan Grozny". Kwanikelwa ukususa.
Ngenxa yempi yaqala, ukudubula kwakuya e-Alma-ata, basebenza ebusuku - ugesi wawunganele. UGrozny udlale uNikolai Cherkasov, phambilini edlala neVsky. Umqondisi wephule iribhoni zibe izingxenye ezi-3. Owokuqala waphuma ngo-1944 futhi wathanda uGenelissimumuus - USergey Eisenstein wanikezwa iprimiyamu yesibili yesiteji.
UJoseph Vissarionovich wamukele umfanekiso wenkosi, ebhekene no-Okrichnina: Ngomfanekiso weqhawe eliyinhloko, uStalin wazibona yena. Kepha ingxenye yesi-2 yavusa ulaka lukaMholi: Kulo, u-Ivan Grozny waphenduka waba ngumashiqela nombulali, ekugcineni kwempilo kanembeza ohlukunyezwayo. USergey Eisenstein wahlela inhlekelele, kodwa angiyibekanga lendaba ngezindaba zezindaba.
Ngo-1946, umqondisi waba nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kokuqala. Izindaba zokufa kokufa kukamama kanye nezedeshelwe ekugcineni impilo, kepha i-eSenstein yathatha isibhamu sengxenye yesithathu yeteyipu.
NgoFebhuwari 1947, kwaqubuka ihlazo: UStalin wabheka ingxenye yesi-2 ye-Ivan okubi futhi yayalwa ukuba abuye nochungechunge. USergey Eisenstein wavuma, kodwa empeleni bekungeke kukhiphe i-oda. Ukuqiniswa ngokuguqulwa, wagcina esibonelweni kwizizukulwane. Akaze akwazi ukushiya ingxenye yesithathu.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Umkhaya wafakaza emndenini wakwaSergey Eisenstein waba ngabantwana, wathonya ubuhlobo bakhe nabesifazane. Ngokusemthethweni, e-Eisenstein eshada eminyakeni engama-36 eVintagenist pere atacheva (pearl fogolman). Bahlangane ngenkathi besebenza ku- "Battleship" PotemKkin ". Owesifazane waphupha ngokuya emyeni wakhe womyeni wakhe, kodwa waba ngumngane, umhlengikazi nozakwabo.
Ukubuya kwaphesheya kwezilwandle ngemuva kohambo lwebhizinisi oluneminyaka engu-5 ubudala, uSergei Eisenstein wahlukaniswa nomlingani. Ngo-1930, indawo ye-feat yathathwa ngumsizi u-Elena Teleshev. Wabizwa ngokuthi "umfazi weGrenader." Kepha uxhumano lwaluyi-Platonic. Ukuqiniseka okungobumbangi bakhe bakwa-Mallre atholakala ezimfundisweni zikaSigmund Freud. Ukwenqatshwa kwenjabulo yenyama eSenstein kuchaze isidingo sokutholwa.
"Ngaphandle kokuthobela - ngingu-Estite elula A la oscar Wilde," kusho intatheli yaseMelika uMarie Setton.Esikhundleni soMgciningwane waseSergey Eisenstein, amakhulu wemidwebo yobungqingili ye-matraine, kepha akukho lwazi olukholisayo lomqondisi woMqondisi namadoda anabantu. Ngaphambi nje kokuba kufe kabusha ukushona kwe-eisenstein kwaphinde kwashada no-Atasheva, ngemuva kokushona kukaMatra, umfelokazi osemthethweni nomfelokazi kanye namagugu.
Ukushona
I-Eisenstein yafa ngokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kukaFebhuwari 1948. Ushone ngawo ngawo-ke ubudala lapho uBaba ayengu-50. Umqondisi wembelwa esigabeni sesi-4 seNovodevichy Cemetery enhlokodolobha.Izics
- 1924 - "I-Stactat"
- Ngo-1925 - "" Potemkin's Armadiole "
- 1927 - "Okthoba"
- 1929 - Asturm la sarras
- Ngo-1929 - "Okudala Nekutsha"
- Ngo-1930 - "Romance yothando"
- Ngo-1931 - "IMexico ende ende!"
- Ngo-1933 - "Isiphepho phezu kweMexico City"
- 1935-1937 - "Bezhin Mead"
- Ngo-1938 - "Alexander Nevsky"
- 1940 - "Isikhathi Elanga"
- 1941 - "Symphony Mexican"
- Ngo-1941 - "Umhlaba Okhululekile"
- 1944-1946 - "U-Ivan Grozny"