I-Biograge
Owesifazane owazalelwa injabulo ukuthanda futhi ube nesithandwa, ukhulise izingane, afunde okuhle. Owesifazane owayenezingondla ezinezingqinamba nobubi obungenziwa ngisho nabesilisa abanamandla. Ngakho-ke umgxeki obhalwe phansi kanye nesishoshovu samalungelo abantu uLev Coplellev ngo-Evgenia Ginzburg wavela. I-biography yomlobi kanye nentatheli kungenye ubufakazi bokucindezelwa okwesabekayo.Ubuntwana nentsha
U-Evgenia Solomonovna Ginzburg wazalwa ngo-December 1904 eMoscow. Eminyakeni emihlanu, lo mndeni wathuthela eKazan, lapho kwazalwa udade evgenia - uNatalia. Batali uSolomoni Abramovich noRebheka Markovna ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokuvusenta bakhe ekhemisi. Umndeni waseGinzburg wayazi kahle futhi wahlonishwa eKazan. Njengoba bekuthathwa yisimo, ubaba noMama bafuna ukuthumela indodakazi endala ukuba bayofunda phesheya - e-University of Geneva, kepha amacebo adidekile ukuguqulwa ngo-1917.
U-Evgenia wathola imfundo eKazan University nasempumalanga ye-Pedagogical Institute, lapho afunda khona iPhilology nomlando. Ngemuva kokuphela kwesikhungo, wavikela i-thesis yakhe, wabutha ubuntatheli - wasebenza njengenhloko yoMnyango Wezamasiko ehhovisi lokuhlela lephephandaba "futhi wafundisa umlando weqembu. UGinzburg waphethwe ngokuphelele isiFulentshi nesiJalimane, ngesikhathi sokuhlala eKazan, uTatarsky wakwazi.
Lapho eneminyaka engu-28, njengoba uthisha wesayensi yomphakathi kufanele angenele amazinga eqembu lamaKhomanisi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi wabhala, uma beyalile, babeyomnika impilo. Udadewabo kaNatalia wakhetha indlela yesayensi - waba yisazi sezenhlalo, wasebenza esikhungweni sezezimali saseLeningrad nezomnotho, wabhala izinkondlo.
Ukudala
Uma kukhulunywa ngokukhuluma ngemibhalo esebenza ngokuxoxa ngezingcindezi zikaStalin, okokuqala kubiza ababhali - uGrange Shalamov, u-Alexander Solzhenitsyn. Kepha izikhumbuzo ze-Evgenia Ginzburg "epholile" - ubufakazi obufanayo bezinto ezesabekayo kanye nesibindi somuntu saleyo nkathi. Kulomsebenzi, kwakuboniswa yibo bonke abonwa futhi abanolwazi ngalo mfazi iminyaka eyishumi yamakamu kanye neminyaka eyisishiyagalombili yereferensi.
Inoveli ye-autobiographical akuyona izinkumbulo eziphelele zalowo ohlukunyeziwe, kunalokho, amanothi wombukeli. Intshisekelo kaGinssburg kulawo maqembu empilweni evulelekile emigodini isize ekuphazanyisweni kwayo. Izimo zobuntu obunobuntu obukhona bakhiphe izinkohliso futhi baphoqa ukubukeka okusha kobudlelwano babantu. Lokho okwakudingeka ukuba ube nenduku yangaphakathi, ukuze ungaziphuli esihawu, kodwa ukuze ukhumbule izinkondlo futhi, njengoba ebhala esahlukweni "semoto yesikhombisa", ukwenza ukufana phakathi kombuso ohamba esiteji nasezitafuleni.
Ingxenye yokuqala ye- "Peep Poute" yabhalwa ngo-1967, ngasikhathi sinye yasatshalaliswa kabanzi eSoviet Union. Owesibili wabona ukukhanya ngo-1975-1977. Ngokokuqala ngqa, kepha ngaphandle kombhali womlobi, inoveli yashicilelwa e-Italy. Iziphathimandla ze-USSR zinesibindi sokushicilela ngokusemthethweni "indlela evelela" ngo-1988 kuphela.
Ngokweminye imininingwane, ehlala eLviv, uGinsburg wabhala enye inguqulo ye- "Steep Route" - "Ngaphansi kwe-Seni yeLuciferov Wing", ibukhali kakhulu futhi ingabekezeleleki maqondana ne-Stalinism. Kepha ngo-1965 wacekela phansi umbhalo wesandla kanye nokusalungiswa, wesaba ukuboshwa okusha kanye nezixhumanisi.
Ngokusekelwe kwinoveli ngumqondisi odumile weGalina Volchek, ukusebenza kwe- "Indlela epholile" yathunyelwa. Izindima zezinkanyezi zesigameko saseRussia neCinema Marina Neelova, Nina Doroshin, Alla Pokrovskaya. Ngo-2009, inyunyana yama-cinematographirs avela eJalimane, ePoland naseBelgium yenza umzamo wokususa ifilimu lesici esekwe encwadini, kepha akazange anqobe izilaleli ezinkulu.
E-LVIV, lapho umndeni washukumisa khona ukulungiswa kabusha, umsebenzi wokubhala weGinzburg wathuthukiswa. Empeleni efulethini sekuyilokulolo lwe-salon lwezincwadi, lapho kwakukhona khona ama-lercive akhethiweyo wedolobha. Kulabo abaziwayo ngaleyo minyaka, amaphephabhuku "amaphephandaba" kanye "nezwe elisha" anyatheliswa yizihloko zalo, abafundi "bamashumi amabili asebekhulile", "ukusebenza okuhlangene", "Intsha". Eminye imisebenzi yaseGitzburg yaphuma lapho i-Pseudonym E. Akbenov.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Impilo yomuntu siqu evgenia Ginzburg ayimangazi kakhulu njengoba isikhathi asiphilayo. Eminyakeni engama-20, le ntombazane yahlangana nodokotela waseLeningrad Dmitry Fedorov, owayeshade naye. Ngemuva kweminyaka emibili, indodana ka-Alexey yazalwa, kepha ngemuva kwesikhashana umndeni yahlukana. Ubaba nendodana bashone ngo-1941 e-Blocade Leningrad.
Ngawo-1930s Ginzburg njengesebandela esikhungweni se-pedagogical, lapho asebenze khona, ehlanganyela engqungqutheleni yeqembu eMoscow. Lapho, wahlangana nendoda yakhe yesibili uPaul Axenov. Ngo-1932, iNdodana yazalwa indodana kaVasily.
UPavel Akxenov wenza umsebenzi omuhle emgqeni weqembu: kwakungusihlalo woMkhandlu wedolobha laseKazan, ilungu le-Bureau yeKomidi leTatar le-CPSU. Lo mndeni uhlinzekwe ngefulethi elite, imoto yenkonzo, i-nanny yabhekelwa ngokusobala.
Konke kushintshe kakhulu ngo-1935, ngemuva kokubulawa kukaSergei Kirov, inhloko yeLeningrad Parlor. Leli qiniso laba yisizathu sokuhlanza okuphelele kwemigqa yeqembu, ukukhomba "ukungathembeki". Ucingo lokuqala lwe-Eugene luzwakala lapho selusolwa ukuthi akazange adalule uzakwethu - iTrotkyist elfova, eyayisebenza ehhovisi lokuhlela leRed Tataria. U-Evgenia umemezele ukuphindisela, ngaphandle kweqembu futhi wasuswa ekufundiseni.
Ngo-1937, uGinzburg uqobo waboshwa, kamuva akyenov. Kokubili, ukuba nabalandeli bezinkomba kwemibono yamaKhomanisi, kubhekwe njengokuboshwa kwephutha elikhulu. Ukuba khona kwesihloko esingu-58, u-Evgenia Ginzburg wathumela eKolyma. Isiphetho sekamu singabizwa ngokuthi siphumelele, ngoba amacala asolwa ngalesi sihloko adutshulwe kakhulu.
Ukuphetha, u-Eugene wasebenza ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, kubandakanya esibhedlela sasekamu. Udokotela u-Anton Walter wasebenza lapho. Naye uGinzburg waqala ukuhlala ngemuva kokwelulama ngo-1947 iminyaka esele yezinkomba eMagadan. Uthole indodana yakhe iVasily ivunyelwe ukuza kuye. Ngokubambisana ne-walter, kwaqalwa intombazane u-Antonina.
U-Antonina ufunda ekilasini laseLeonid Filatov no-Ivan The Dykhovichny, umlingisi ochwepheshe, uhlala eJalimane. Lapho etshela inhlolokhono, umama akazange alindele ubaba waseVasin, njengoba etshelwa ukuthi uPawulu wadutshulwa. UVasily Akselenova ngemuva kokuboshwa kwabazali ekhaya lezintandane, lapho kwathathwa khona izihlobo zikayise obunzima, ngemuva kokuvimbela umfana igama nesibongo.
Ngo-1949, uYevgeny Ginzburg waphinde waboshwa. Kulokhu "uLucky" ngaphezulu - Isiphetho sihlala ngenyanga. Nakulokhu futhi, usongo lokubopha lwalulenga ngo-1953, futhi ukufa kukaStalin kwamisa kuphela igagasi elisha lokucindezelwa. Ngo-1952, u-Eugene wabuyiselwa ngamalungelo ngokwengxenye, ngo-1954 wavuselelwa, kodwa iminyaka eyishumi wayenqatshelwe ukuhlala emadolobheni amakhulu (iGinzburg akwazile ukuthuthela eMoscow ngo-1966). UWalter wavuselelwa ngo-1958 kuphela, kwathi ngemuva kosuku, kwafa umuntu.
U-Evgenia Ginzburg, ngokusho kwendodakazi yakhe, kunoma iyiphi inkantolo kwakuwukugxila kokunakwa, waheha abantu abase-Aristocracy, ukuzuzwa kwengqondo, ithemba, elimangalisayo lentando. Impilo yomndeni yakhiwa ekudumiseni kwendodana kaVasily, kamuva eyaba usaziwayo wezwe. UVasily Axenov ngumlobi, osolwa ngumuntu, umbhali wemisebenzi ethandwayo.
Ubuye futhi waphonswa inselelo yokwazi ukulinganiselwa kwenkululeko yokukhuluma. Futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu, umlobi walishiya izwe. Ngaphambi kokuthi umphumule, kwenziwa umzamo, kamuva wachazwa nguye enoveli "inkanuko engaqondakali". Ngawo-1970, nendodana kaGinzburg yakwazi ukuhambela iJalimane neFrance. Kunethiwekhi ekufinyeleleni kwamahhala okuthunyelwe izithombe zomndeni.
Ukushona
U-Evgenia Ginzburg ushone ngo-1977. Imbangela yokufa yayingumdlavuza webele, umlobi wesifo ucashe kahle. Wangcwatshwa emathuneni aseKuzminsky eMoscow.I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1927 - "Ukutadisha I-Okthoba Revolution esikoleni sezinyathelo zesibili"
- Ngo-1963 - "Ngakho-ke kwaqala. QAPHELA Uthisha "
- 1967 - "Indlela epholile", Ingxenye I
- 1975-1977 - "Indlela epholile", Ingxenye II