I-Biograge
I-Mathematics Scientist Alan Turing embhalweni womsebenzi "ezinombolweni ezikhokhwayo", enyatheliswa ngo-1936, kwabonakala ukuthi ayikho indlela yendawo yonke yokusungula iqiniso futhi ayikwazi ukuba kwisayensi yezibalo. I-Mathematics izohlala iqukethe imisebenzi engamvumeli. Imisebenzi yokuthinta okuthinta le nkinga ibonwa njengesisekelo sezifundo zemfundo emkhakheni wobuhlakani bokufakelwa.Ubuntwana nentsha
I-Alan Matison Turing yazalelwa eMaida Vale, eLondon, ngoJuni 23, 1912. Othisha besikole babona amakhono angajwayelekile engqondo ka-Alan, kodwa akazange akwazi ukunamathisela ukubaluleka kubo. Umfana wavakashela isikole esihlonishwayo somuzi waseShernerne, lapho kwakunesifiso esikhulu kwisayensi eqondile. Kwi-biography yososayensi iqukethe amaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo. Usuku lokuqala lwesikole sensizwa luhambisana nokuqala kwesiteleka, futhi waphoqeleka ukuba anqobe amakhilomitha ayi-100 ngebhayisekili, ukuchitha ubusuku ehhotela endaweni yokuhlala.
Ngemuva kweSherbourne, ukushukumisa kwangena inani labafundi baseRoyal College (University of Cambridge), lapho afundela khona iminyaka emithathu. Ngokwemiphumela yokuvikelwa komsebenzi we-Master, lapho u-Alan afakazele umkhawulo omkhulu u-Theorem, le nsizwa ibhaliswe edondolo lothisha.
U-Alan osemusha, yize enikeza isayensi ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi waba nomfanekiso we-eccentric phakathi kozakwabo, wayezibandakanya ezemidlalo - ezingobo Archils, kwango-1946 ezazigcinwe ezinqolobaneni zaseBrithani, lapho le nsizwa yagijima umjaho.
Isayensi
Ngo-1936, umsebenzi wokufudukela "ezinombolweni ezihlanganayo" washicilelwa, embhalweni wokuthi u-Alan wethule umqondo womshini wendawo yonke (kamuva ubizwa ngokuthi umshini wokufuduka). Umshini wokuThupha ubalwe konke okungenzeka, umqondo wekhompyutha yanamuhla esekelwe kwiphrojekthi ethuthukiswe yi-Turing.
Ngemuva kwalokho, ukufuduka okugxile ekufundweni kwezibalo kanye ne-cryptology kusekelwe kwiSikhungo socwaningo oluzayo ePrinceton, eNew Jersey. Ngemuva kokuvikelwa kwe-dissertation yodokotela eyunivesithi eyunivesithi ngo-1938, usosayensi osemusha wabuyela eCambridge, lapho athole khona umsebenzi wesikhashana kulezi zindawo zokuxhumana kukahulumeni - inhlangano kahulumeni waseBrithani eyayisebenza ekwephuzekeni kwama-CIPHERS.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
1952 unyaka. I-Turing yavula umnyango futhi igxile embundwini wefulethi lakhe: konke kuguqulwe kubheke phansi emakamelweni, phansi kwefenisha imali engenayo. Etafuleni lomnikazi, inothi lalilinde isexwayiso sokuthi uma i-turning liphendukela emaphoyiseni, Imfihlakalo yakhe esondele kakhulu izokwembulela umhlaba wonke. Iqiniso lokuthi usosayensi omuhle kakhulu uyisitabane ayengaziwa. Usosayensi akazange aziminyanise futhi abize onogada be-oda. Umdubuli waba ngumthandi ojwayelekile u-Alan. Kepha inkinga yokuphanga yahamba ingemuva, lapho amaphoyisa ethola isiqinisekiso sokubonisana ngokobulili okungajwayelekile kwendoda efulethini.
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1950, ubungqingili e-United Kingdom bebengekho emthethweni, ngakho-ke lapho i-turning yavunyelwa emaphoyiseni ukuthi walala noMarnold, oneminyaka engu-19 ubudala, usosayensi wasolwa ngokunyanya. Ngemuva kokuthi ukuboshwa kweTheku kwaphoqelelwa ukuba bakhethe phakathi kwekwelashwa okuphoqelelwe ngezidakamizwa ze-hormonal ukunciphisa i-libido noma ukuboshwa. U-Alan wakhetha okokuqala futhi masinyane ngaphansi kokuhlanganiswa kwamakhemikhali ngemijovo ye-hormone ye-hormone yokwenziwa phakathi nonyaka, okwakugcina ukukwenza kube namandla.
Ngenxa yalokhu kuniningiswa emphakathini wezocansi kososayensi, wayenqatshelwe ukuqhubeka nokusebenza ne-cryptography kuma-GCC.
IMpi Yezwe Yesibili
Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe II, iTuring yaba ngumhlanganyeli oholayo ekuhlolweni kwama-ciphers amaJalimane. Usebenze eBletsley Park, esiteshini samasosha e-GCCS, lapho athola khona okutholakele okuyimihlanu emkhakheni we-Cryptananalysis, okubandakanya ukuthuthukiswa kwedivaysi ye-elektromokheli esetshenziselwa ukucacisa amasiginali omshini wokubethela amaNgisi "Enigma". Umsebenzi okhishwe ngu-Alan Turing, futhi wanikezelwa e-Enigma ", ozakwabo" babiza i- "Book of The Propa" (i-phleg yambiza ngawo ngokwayo uqobo).
Igalelo lokufuduka kwinqubo yamakhodi wokugenca anqunyelwe kulokhu: U-Alan wabhala futhi ngezindlela ezimbili eziphathelene nezindlela ezibalulekile ze-Code Code kanye nesikole (kamuva esaziwa njengendlunkulu kahulumeni). Lesi sikhungo sokuxhumana kukahulumeni ngo-Ephreli 2012 sishicilelwe le ntuthuko ku-National Archive of the United Kingdom of Great Britain.
Ekupheleni kwempi, ukushukunyiswa kwathuthela eLondon, lapho asebenza khona elabhorethri likazwelonke. Phakathi kweminikelo ephawuleka ye-Alana ku-Science isikhathi somsebenzi, kufanelekile ukuthi ukugcizelela ukuthi ukushushiswa kugadwe nge-Design of auto ezenzakalelayo inqubo yekhompyutha futhi, ekugcineni, kwathuthukisa uhlelo lwekhompyutha olusha ngemikhiqizo yesoftware efanele.
Yize inguqulo ephelele ye-ace ayenziwanga, umqondo wayo wawusetshenziswa njengezinkampani zobuchwepheshe ezimodeli emhlabeni wonke iminyaka eminingi, unomthelela ekwakhiweni kweBritish Electric Deuce kanye ne-American Bendix G-15, ebhekwa njengezwe amakhompyutha okuqala.
I-Turing nesikhathi esithile esabamba izikhundla ezisezingeni eliphakeme emnyangweni wezibalo nakulebhu ye-University's University eManchester. Ngokokuqala ngqa, wafunda inkinga yobuhlakani bokufakelwa esihlokweni esingu-1950 "imishini ye-computer kanye nokuhlola" futhi wahlongoza ukuthi kuhlolwe ukuthi kuhlolwe ukuthuthukisa imininingwane yezobuchwepheshe embonini yezobuchwepheshe. Emashumini eminyaka edlule, isivivinyo sibe nomthelela obonakalayo engxoxweni mayelana nezobunhloli bokufakelwa.
Ukufa kwe-Alan Tyruring
Lapho elahlekelwe amathuba okusebenza kwisayensi, ukufukula kwawela ekucindezelekeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokumelene nesizinda sokwamukela izidakamizwa ze-hormonal, kwaqala ukuvela kwaphela umuntu, kwafa isifiso nokuheha izifuba, kwaqala ukukhula amabele.
I-Turing yafa ngoJuni 7, 1954. UMnu. Christie (i-HouseBheeper Alan) walungisa umnikazi wesidlo sasekuseni futhi wakhwela egumbini lokulala ukuyoshayela etafuleni, kodwa wathola umhlangano wesazi embhedeni embhedeni, futhi kwaba nokweqisa etafuleni lakhe eceleni kombhede. Ngemuva kokuhlolwa okumangalisayo, kwavela ukuthi imbangela yokufa ibingukuthi ubuthi i-cyanide.
Eduze komzimba uthole izinsalela ze-apula, yize kungekho zingxenye ze-apula ezitholwe esiswini. I-autopsy ibonise "okuqukethwe koketshezi esiswini, esinuka ngamandla ngama-alimondi ababi, kanye nesixazululo se-cyanide." Kwezinye izitho, iphunga le-alimond elibabayo nayo laliphawulwa. I-autopsy yabonisa ukuthi imbangela yokufa kwakungu-asphyxia ngenxa yobuthi be-cyanide. Ukuzibulala kumenyezelwe yinguqulo esemthethweni.
Ku-June Article ye-BBC, uprofesa wefilosofi kanye nochwepheshe ekuThumiseni uJack Copeland, mhlawumbe, kwavela ukuthi ukufa kwe-turhing, mhlawumbe, kwaba yingozi: akukho lutho kumarekhodi ezinsuku zokugcina zokugcina Imicabango yokuzibulala, kepha i-Alan House ine-cyanide yokuhlolwa kwamakhemikhali.
Kodwa-ke, enye inguqulo iyaziwa. Lapho iMpi Yezwe Yesibili isiphelile, ukushushiswa kwasebenza e-Concrypt yama-coviet ama-cofiet. Abaphenyi baphakamisa ukuthi ama-ejenti we-KGB ahlelele ukuphanga efulethini lososayensi futhi amholele ogibeni, ngenxa yokuthi umsebenzi wokudonswa kwamakhodi weSoviet wamiswa. Nabanye ososayensi baleli zinga, ukuze baqhubeke nomsebenzi wokufuduka, kwakungekho sikhathi e-UK.
-Zuzayo
- Ukuhleleka okuhle kombuso waseBrithani
- ILondon Royal Society
Ukukhumbula
- NgoSepthemba 10, 2009, uNdunankulu waseBrithani uGordon Brown wavuselela kabusha i-Compatriot evelele ye-Alan Tyruring.
- Igama elithi "ikhompyutha" Izwe lanamuhla liphoqelekile ukuba liguqulwe.
- Iprimiyamu ehlonishwayo yokufaka isandla kwisayensi yekhompyutha (ama-dollar ayizinkulungwane ezingama-250) igama lokufuduka.
- Ngokwesinye sezinguqulo, i-apula (i-apula (i-applem) yaba yinkokhiso kusosayensi wohlobo lwe-geneve kusuka kuSteve Jobs.
- Impilo yososayensi omuhle kakhulu iboniswa kwifilimu "umdlalo wokulingisa", lapho kudlalwa khona umlingisi waseBrithani uBenedict Cumberatch.