I-Biograge
Ngesikhathi sasendulo, ukuqonda kwakufanele kuqondwe ukuthi impucuko kufanele ithuthukiswe ngokuhambisana nemithetho nemithetho. Ngalesi sikhathi, izimiso eziyisisekelo zokuziphatha, izinhloso zobuhle, izakhi zesiko, isayensi, ezemidlalo zakhiwa. Phakathi kwalabo abafake isandla ekuthuthukisweni kobukhona bomuntu kungumakhi wamaRoma noNjiniyela beVitruvius.
Wayengadumile futhi afunde ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe futhi kungenzeka ukuthi wayenolwazi lwe-encyclopedic, okuthi, ngombono wakhe, umakhi kufanele abe nawo. Kepha incwadi enyatheliswe nguYe ihlala ingukuphela kobufakazi bemibhalo bokwakha kanye nemishini yesikhathi, okuthunyelwe okuyinhloko okusetshenziswa ngempumelelo osukwini lwethu.
Ubuntwana nentsha
I-bitruvia ye-vitruvia inguhlu lwamaqiniso amaqiniso, futhi okungajwayelekile ngoba wonke umuntu kufanele afake incazelo "mhlawumbe" noma "cishe" noma "njengoba i-Historical Science akuyona imininingwane yokunemba.
UVitruvius, okwaziwa kusukela uMark Vitruviy Pollyon, wazalelwa emkhankasweni emndenini wabakhi bezakhiwo, ngenxa yalokho athola imfundo ephelele. I-Verona nokwakhiwa nayo ivela ohlwini lwezindawo, ngoba ayikho idatha ethembekile. Futhi njengoba kungekho datha enembile egameni, usuku lokuzalwa nokufa. Isikhathi esilinganisiwe sempilo - kusuka kuma-80s kuya eminyakeni eyi-15 bc - Kwasungulwa ngenxa yokukhululwa kwegama lomakhi embhalweni wabanye abaholi basendulo nemicimbi yomlando (ngokwesibonelo, ukuqhuma kweVesuvius Volcano).
Emibhalweni yesandla egciniwe yababhali basendulo, yaziwa ngokuqinisekile igama elijwayelekile vitruvius, kepha impova yomndeni kanye nophawu lomuntu siqu - zibonisa kuphela ukuqagela kweRenaissance Epoch.
Umdwebi wezakhiwo wayehlala eRoma. Futhi, mhlawumbe, ePompers Pompei no-Yulia Cesar bakhonza njengonjiniyela bezempi, futhi e-Octaviana Augustus - izakhamizi. Wayazi ulimi lwesiGreki, okwamvumela ukuba afundele imisebenzi ecaleni lokwakha kanye nobunjiniyela, kubandakanya nemishini yezempi.
Ubungcweti bokwakhiwa kwezindlu
Indawo yokuqala ekwakhiweni kwe-vitruvius kwakungukuthi ungumakhi wezakhiwo. Ngokubona kwakhe, umuntu ohlanganyele kulo msebenzi kufanele abe nekhono, akwazi ukudweba kahle. Kuyadingeka futhi ukwazi iJiyomethri nomlando, onalo ulwazi lwefilosofi, ukuqonda umculo nomuthi, okuyisisekelo somthetho kanye nemininingwane yesayensi yezinkanyezi nasemithethweni yasezulwini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lonke lolu lwazi kufanele lukwazi ukufaka isicelo ekusebenzeni, hhayi ukuze lwenze izingxoxo nganoma yisiphi isihloko. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuze ukwazi ukukhuluma kahle akuvimbi, ngokwesibonelo, ngokwesibonelo, umakhi kufanelekile ukuxhumana nekhasimende.
UVitruvius waziwa njengoMlobi wohlelo lwe-ergonomic Propocution System. Uhlelo lwaludume kakhulu kubuciko obubonayo kanye nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ngenxa yendoda ye-vitruvian. Lo mdwebo kaLeonardo da Vinci, wabulawa ngo-1490-1492 futhi wabiza ukulingana kwezincwadi zezincwadi zeBhayibheli, ungumfanekiso wencwadi yabadwebi abazinikezele eMnyangweni.
Kubonisa isithombe sendoda enqunu ngamabili ahlelwe ngokwengeziwe kwezinye izikhundla: ngamasodo ahlukanise ngesandla, achaza umbuthano nesikwele. Kumazwana aphawula, uLeonardo da Vinci waveza ukuthi wadalelwa ukutadisha ukulingana komzimba womuntu njengoba kuchaziwe ekwelashweni komakhi womakhelwane waseRoma.
Ukufaneleka kwe-vitruvia kwaphetha ngokulingana nobudlelwano besakhiwo somkhathi nomuntu, ngakho-ke, ngokulingana kwesakhiwo nomuntu, kunokuba kuqondiswe futhi lapho kwakhiwa izakhiwo, futhi lapho kwakhiwa izimoto. Ubengowokuqala ukucabanga ngemvelaphi ye-arcaderation of archititecture, eyokuqala kwaba ngowokuqala ukuhlola udaba lwezemicu yezomculo.
I-Peru Vitruvia ingeyefomula "amandla-buhle". Lo mthethonqubo we-Golden worlgecuture uthi lokho kuphela inhlanganisela yalezi zakhiwo ezizovumela izakhiwo ukuthi zibukeke zivumelane futhi ziqediwe. Futhi akukho zakhiwo ezingeke zinxeshezelwe enye.
Kuyo yonke impilo yaseVitruvius, walungisa owakhe indatshana ngokwakha izakhiwo. Ekugugeni, umdwebi wezenze impesheni evela ku-Emperor of Agasti, okuvunyelwe ukubhala kuphela "izincwadi eziyishumi mayelana nezakhiwo" (de Archintactura Mahhala). Kulomsebenzi, umakhi ongunjiniyela nonjiniyela bahlela lonke ulwazi oluziwa ngaye ngaleso sikhathi, wafingqa okuhlangenwe nakho okusebenzayo okuqongelelwe ngabanduleli bamaGrikhi nabaseRoma kanye nabaphila ngesikhathi. Imifanekiso ewusizo yenkomba ayigcinwa, kanye nokwangempela.
Indlela ehlanganisa izincwadi eziyi-10, ngamunye unikezelwe udaba oluhlukile - amakhono ochwepheshe womakhi, izinto zokwakha, izici zokwakhiwa kwamathempeli nezinhlaka zomphakathi. Izinkinga zokwakhiwa kwama-USSERS asezingeni eliphansi nezinto zezolimo, i-facade kanye nombala wezakhiwo, ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi, amawashi kanye nezinqubo zithinteka ekwakhiweni kwe-facade yezwe.
Le ncwadi ikhombisa incazelo yokuqala yomshini njengenhlanganisela exhunywe ndawonye nezingxenye ezinamandla amaningi okuhambisa izinsimbi. Izigaba eziyisithupha engxenyeni yobuhle ziyehlukaniswa. I-classic yokwakha umhlaba isichazwe nguVitruvius Corinthian, i-Ionian, Doric, Tuscan Ama-oda.
Kusukela ngekhulu le-XV, izincwadi eziphrintiwe eziqukethe isitatimende sezisebenzi ze-witruvia zaqala ukuvela eYurophu. Owokuqala wanyatheliswa ngo-1486 eRoma.
Ngaphandle kwethonya le-vitruvia kanye nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ze-renaissance, lapho umakhi we-Italy uLeon Battist Albert unakekele ePorise, on amaphrojekthi akhe aphinde akhiwa nguPalazzo Rchelllai eFlorence. I-Alberti, kube sengathi ukuncika eMklami WaseRoma, wabhala "izincwadi eziyishumi ezikhuluma ngokwakha izakhiwo." Imidwebo elahlekile yezimoto kanye nezinqubo ze-vitruvia yazama ukubuyisela umpristi waseDominican noMsunguli uGiovanni Jocendo ngo-1511.
Ulwazi lwe-theoretical lwe-vitruvia lwalufakwe kumaphrojekthi abo - i-basilica eColony PAN kwi-AndrAtic nasekwakhiweni komklamo wamaRoma. Kuyaziwa nangokuthi phakathi nezimpi eziholele uJulius Caesar, uVitruvius wabamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwezimoto zamasosha, avimbele izibhamu.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Mayelana nempilo yomuntu siqu ye-vitruvia akukho mininingwane.Ukushona
Usuku lokufa oluchazwe kweminye imithombo, iminyaka engu-15 BC, futhi lunemibandela, ngoba akukho ukuqinisekiswa okubhaliwe. Leli qiniso livumela izazi-mlando ukuthi ziphikise ukuthi imisebenzi kaVitruviya ngesikhathi sokuphila ayibonwanga ngamandla nakubantu.
I-Bibliography
- Cishe iminyaka engu-13 bc - "Izincwadi eziyishumi mayelana nezakhiwo"