I-Biograge
Omunye wababhali abathandwayo boMbuso WaseJalimane wekhulu lamashumi amabili ngu-Erich Maria amazwi. UPubliast, onesitatimende sakhe saba nokungafi, sasimelela "isizukulwane esilahlekile" - isikhathi lapho eseneminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalombili ubudala abafokazi bafika ngaphambili, futhi baphoqeleka ukuba babulale. Kulokhu kamuva kwaba yisisusa esikhulu nomqondo wokwenza umlobi.Ubuntwana nentsha
U-Erich Maria Remarik wazalwa ngoJuni 22, 1898 edolobheni lase-Osnabruck (uMbuso WaseJalimane). Ubaba wombhali wasebenza ngokusonteka, ngakho-ke indlu yoMphakathi okuzayo yayihlala igcwele inani elikhulu lezincwadi. Kusukela esemncane, u-Erich omncane wahlatshwa umxhwele izincwadi. Ikakhulu ubuhlakani obuncane badonsela umsebenzi kaFyodor Dyoevsky, uJohann Goethe kanye neMarseille Prist.
Ukusuka e-Biography of the Genius Evenius, Kuyaziwa ukuthi njengengane, uRemorik wayethanda futhi umculo, othanda ukudweba, ukuqoqa izimvemvane, amatshe nemikhiqizo. Kubaba wobudlelwano beluliwe ngenxa yemibono ehlukene empilweni. Lapho u-Erich eneminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalolunye ubudala, umama wabulawa umdlavuza, umlobi ayehlala efudumele njalo, ethemba ukuxhumana.
U-Erich Maria wafunda esikoleni sebandla, ekugcineni kwenye insizwa yangena esikoleni samaKatolika. Wabe eselandela iminyaka yokufunda eRoyal School Seminary. Lapho umbhali waba yilungu lendilinga ebhalwe phansi, lapho athola khona abangane nakubantu abanomqondo ofanayo.
Ngo-1916, ukuphawula kwaya ngaphambili. Ngemuva konyaka, wathola imihuzuko emihlanu wabe esesibhedlela konke okunye. Lapho ebuyela emaphethelweni endabuko endlini kayise u-Erich walifaka ihhovisi, lapho enze umshado emculweni, apendiwe wabhala. La lapha ngo-1920 umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala wadalwa - "Iphupho Lokukhosela".
Kuwo wonke unyaka, u-Erich wafundisa esikoleni sendawo, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi wenqaba lo msebenzi. Umlobi washintsha umsebenzi omningi ngaphambi kokuqala ukuhola ngokubhala. Ngakho-ke ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene wasebenza njenge-accountant, umfundisi, ophilayo wahweba namatshe ethuna.
Ngo-1922, ukuphawula kwakwesobunxele u-Osnabruck waya kuHannover. Lapho, wahlala khona kumagazini "Echo Izwekazi", lapho abhala khona iziqubulo ezinyangeni, imibhalo yePiraen kanye nemibhalo ehlukahlukene.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi u-Erich unyathelisela abanye omagazini. Ngakho-ke sebenza encwadini ethi "Sports Ball" wavula umnyango wezwe elibhaliwe. Ngo-1925, intatheli eyazifundisayo yaya eBerlin ukuba ibe ngumhleli wemifanekiso yalo magazini.
Ngo-1926, omunye womagazini abanyantiswa amanoveli "kusukela ezikhathini zobusha" kanye "nowesifazane ngamehlo egolide." Lokhu bekuyisiqalo sendlela yokudala yamazwi. Kusukela ngesikhathi angayekanga ukubhala, ukudala ubuciko obusha.
Into yokufunda
Ngo-1928, kuye kwashicilelwa inoveli elithi "Stop On The The The The Horizon". Ngokusho komngani wombhali, kwakuyincwadi ekhuluma nge-radiators ekilasini lokuqala nabesifazane abahle. Ngemuva konyaka, ukukhanya kwabona inoveli "entshonalanga ngaphambili ngaphandle koshintsho." Ukuphawula kuyo kuchaze konke ukwethuka nokungabi naluphawulo lwempi ngamehlo ensizwa eneminyaka eyishumi nane.
Lo msebenzi wadluliselwa ezilimini ezingamashumi amathathu nesithupha, kwakhishwa izikhathi ezingamashumi amane. EJalimane, le ncwadi yenza i-furor (amakhophi ayisigidi aqhamuka kulo nyaka). Ngawo-1930s, umsebenzi wasuswa yifilimu.
Iminyaka yo-1931 yaphawulwa ngokungena ekukhanyisweni kwenoveli ethi "Return", ukutshela ngempilo yezingane zayizolo ezabuya empini. Ngemuva kweminyaka emihlanu, incwadi "ama-comrade amathathu" avela emashalofini. Kwashicilelwa ngesiDanishi nesiNgisi.
Ngo-1938, ukuphawula kwaqala ukusebenza emsebenzini 'wothando lwe-Middle ", okwaphothulwa ngo-1939. Umagazini uColloirs waqala ukuphrinta ukudala umlobi.
NgoMeyi 1946, kwavela inoveli elithi "ukunqoba kwe-triumphal" ngesiJalimane ngesiJalimane, kwathi phakathi nehlobo, kwaphawula iziqu emsebenzini we- "Spark Pife Life". Ngonyaka olandelayo, ngaphambili kwefilimu entsha kwabanjwa endabeni "ngakolunye uhlangothi" (isithombe sabizwa ngokuthi "Olunye Uthando").
Ngawo-1950s waba ngunyaka wokuphuka kobudlelwano noNatasha Pale (Brown) ngemuva kweminyaka eyishumi yemihlangano engapheli, izingxabano kanye nokubuyisana. Ngaleso sikhathi esifanayo, umsebenzi waqala kwinoveli ethi "Umhlaba wathembisa" ("amathunzi epharadesi") no "Obelisk omnyama".
Ngo-1954, isikhathi se-anti-war "sokuphila nesikhathi sokufa" sakhululwa, ngo-1959 eHamburg Jouristall, umsebenzi "wokuphila" wanyatheliswa, kwathi ngo-1962, kushicilelwa okuhlukile kwenoveli "ebusuku ILisbon "yavela emashalofini.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngo-1925, kusho ukuthi kufinyelelwe eBerlin. Lapho esifundazweni esihle-sesifundazwe, indodakazi yommemezeli kamagazini ohlonishwayo yathandana, lapho isebenza khona lapho. Kuliqiniso, abazali bentombazane bavimbela umshado wabo, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umlobi wathola umhleli wendawo ekushicilelweni.
Ngokushesha, u-Erich washada nomdansi e-zampo, umshado owawukhona iminyaka emine. UBolshaya, intokazi esencane eyaba yi-prototype yabambalwa amaqhawe abhaliwe amaqhawe abhaliwe, kubandakanya ne-pat kusuka "kwabathathu abalingani".
Ngemuva kwalokho intatheli yedolobha elikhulu yaziphatha sengathi ifuna ukukhohlwa ngokushesha okwedlule okuhlukile: igqoke kahle, wayegqoke amakhonsathi, amathafa, izindawo zokudlela zemfashini, aze athenge isitembu se-baron ezitembu ezingama-500 e-helento aristontat.
NgoJanuwari 1933, ngo-Eva wokufika kuka-Adolf Hitler waya emandleni, umngani wamazwi weluleka umbhali ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukushiya idolobha. U-Erich washeshe wahlala emotweni futhi, okwakukhona, waya eSwitzerland. NgoMeyi wonyaka ofanayo, amaNazi akhaphela inoveli "entshonalanga engaphambili ngaphandle kokushintsha" ngemisele yomphakathi, futhi umbhali wakhe wancishwa ukuba yisakhamuzi saseJalimane.
Ngo-1938, umlobi wenza isenzo esihle. Ukusiza unkosikazi wakho wakudala, phuma eJalimane futhi amnikeze ithuba lokuhlala eSwitzerland, waphinde waqedela umshado wakhe owanqunyelwa kuphela ngonyaka we-1957.
Owesifazane obaluleke kakhulu empilweni yombhali waba yinkanyezi ye-movie ye-movie yaseMarlene yaseMarlene, okuyi-prototype ye-heroine yenoveli ethi "Triumphal Arch" - Joan Madu. I-Tombroight kaMunya, naye wasuka eJalimane futhi kusukela ngo-1930, wahlungwa ngempumelelo e-United States. Ngokombono wokuthola isimilo ngokuvamile, uMarlene akazange akhanyeke.
Inoveli yabo yahlukunyezwa ngendlela emangalisayo ngomlobi. EFrance, uMarlene wafika nendodakazi eyeve eshumini nambili, umyeni nenkosikazi yalowo oshade naye. Babesho ukuthi umlingisi we-bisexual, okuthi amazwi abizwa ngokuthi yiPuma, amaCohabites nawo womabili. Emehlweni ezwi, naye waba nokuxhumana ne-lesbian ecebile evela eMelika.
Ngenxa yobuhlanya bakhe obungceleni, u-Erich wayekulungele ukuthethelela umculi, eqala impilo eshidini elimhlophe. Lapho ubuhlakani bemibhalo buhlongozwa ngoMarlene ukuba bamshade, lona wesifazane watshela iNtaba Kavalera ngalokho okwakukhipha isisu. Ubaba wengane wawungumlingisi uJimmy Stewart, okhethekile wenkululeko-onothando wahlungwa ngaye kwifilimu ethi "Dandy futhi esihlalweni."
Lapho uDitrich ethola ukuthi ukuphathwa kabusha kwathutha iqoqo lokupenda eMelika (kufaka phakathi umsebenzi wama-22 we-Cezanne Field), uMarlene wayefisa ukuthola okungenani isithombe esisodwa njengendawo yokuzalwa. Ngemuva kokuthobeka izinto ezingenakubalwa, lokhu kwakunomoya owanele ukuphendula ngokwenqaba.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi eHollywood umbhali akazange azizwe engumkhawulokudonsa. Imali yakhe yayihamba phambili. Wakujabulela ukuphumelela ngabalingisi abadumile, kufaka phakathi i-Greta Garbo edumile. Kuliqiniso, i-Mishet Brilliance ye-filmTolitis icasulwe. Abantu babebonakala bengamanga futhi bekhuphuke kuye.
Ekugcineni, ukunyakaza noMarlene, wathuthela eNew York. Lapha ngo-1945 kwaqedwa i-arch enqobayo. Ngaphansi komqondo wokufa kwalo dade, waqala ukusebenza ngenoveli 'yenhlanyela yempilo' enikezelwe kwinkumbulo yakhe. Kwakuyincwadi yokuqala mayelana nokuthi yena uqobo akazange athole kanjani - ngekamu lokuhlushwa lamaNazi.
Ngo-1951, eNew York, umlobi wahlangana nendiza yonyaka, ngaleso sikhathi eyayineminyaka engama-40 ubudala. Okhokho bayo abavela ebhodini likamama beqhamuka kubalimi baseMelika, abokufika besuka eNgilandi, nangoyise kwakungamaJuda.
Ngo-1957, phawula ngokusemthethweni ngokusemthethweni nge-Uyutta, uyikhokhele ama- $ 25 nezinkulungwane futhi iqoke okuqukethwe kwempilo yonke kwama- $ 800 ngenyanga. UMnyaka olandelayo ukuphawula futhi u-Goddar wabhala ngokusemthethweni ubuhlobo.
Ukushona
Khumbula uchithe ubusika obubili bokugcina ngendiza eRoma. Ehlobo lawo-1970, umlobi wenqaba inhliziyo, futhi wabekwa esibhedlela eLocarno. Lapho, umlobi ushone ngoSepthemba 25 wonyaka ofanayo. Ithuna loMdali womsebenzi we- "Spark of Life" litholakala emathuneni aseSwitzerland aseRonco.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngosuku umngcwabo womfazi wangaphambili wathumela umngane wakhe owashade naye, kodwa u-Goddar akazange azifake ebhokisini.
Eminyakeni yokuqala emi-5 ngemuva kokushona komyeni wakhe, indiza yaze yathuthuka ezindabeni zakhe, izincwadi, ezindlini ziyadlala. Ngo-1975, wayegula kakhulu. Isimila esifubeni sasuswa kakhulu (kwakukhona izimbambo eziningana), kanti owesifazane wavuvukala.
Umlobi othandekayo waphila eminye iminyaka eyi-15, kodwa le kwakuyiminyaka edabukile. Indiza isiyinto emangazayo, ebabazekayo futhi yathatha umuthi omningi kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokudangala okulandelayo, intokazi yahlabela ama- $ 20 million. I-New York University, yabe isiqala ukuthengisa ukuqoqwa kwezimbwibe
Kuyaziwa nangokuthi unkosikazi kaCharles Chaplin wazama kaningi ukuzibulala. Umnikazi wendlu eNew York, lapho asuse khona efulethini, akafuni ukuthatha indawo yokuhlala utshwala futhi wamcela ukuba aye eSwitzerland.
Ngo-Ephreli 23, 1990, izindiza zafuna ukuyinika indali yekhathalogu lapho ubucwebe bakhe bathengiswa ngalo ngalolu suku. Ukuthengisa kwaletha ama- $ 1 million, namahora ama-3 ngemuva kokuthweswa iziqu, umlingisi wafa. Ngangcwaba umklomelo we-Oscar oqokiwe eduze komyeni wakhe eSwitzerland Cemetery Ronko.
I-Bibliography
- 1920 - "Iphupho Lokukhosela"
- 1924 - "Gem"
- Ngo-1927 - "Isiteshi esiseduze"
- Ngo-1929 - "Entshonalanga ngaphambili ngaphandle koshintsho"
- 1931 - "Buyisela"
- 1936 - "Ama-Three Comrades"
- 1941 - "Thanda Umakhelwane Wakho"
- 1945 - "Ukunqoba i-Arch
- 1952 - "Spark of Life"
- 1954 - "Isikhathi Sokuphila Nokufa Isikhathi"
- 1956 - "I-Obelisk Emnyama"
- 1959 - "Imalimboleko Yempilo"
- Ngo-1962 - "Ubusuku eLisbon"