I-Biograge
U-Ivan Nikitovic Kozhevyub - Ama-Hero kathathu iqhawe leSoviet Union, Marshal Aviation, umholi wezempi waseSoviet kanye nomhlanganyeli eMpini Yempi Enkulu. Ku-akhawunti ye-Pilot inqwaba yendiza yendiza yesitha.Ubuntwana nentsha
NgoJuni 8, 1920, umshayeli wekusasa u-Ivan Nikitovich kozhevub wazalwa. Umfana wakhula emndenini wasemncane, lapho uYise akhonza khona njengenkathi endala yesonto. Ingane nentsha yase-Ivana yenzeka esifundeni saseGlunuvsky esifundazweni saseCherniHIV, kamuva yaphinde yaqanjwa kabusha isifunda saseShostkinsky esifundeni sase-Ukraine.
Lapho eneminyaka engu-14 ubudala, uKozdadub uthole isitifiketi sokuvuthwa, okwathi ngemuva kwalokho waya edolobheni laseShostka. Le nsizwa ihanjiswe amadokhumenti kwinqubo yamakhemikhali nezobuchwepheshe, yadlula izivivinyo ezidingekayo, ngemuva kwalokho wabhalisa njengomfundi esikhungweni semfundo.
U-Ivan welule kusukela eminyakeni yobusha kuya e-Aptiation, ngakho-ke ngenkathi efunda esikoleni sezobuchwepheshe waqala ukutadisha e-Aerocluba. Ngo-1940, kwavela umugqa omusha e-biography kaKozjadbab - ibutho elibomvu. Le nsizwa yaphinde yavukezelelwa ku-serviceman.
Ngasikhathi sinye, u-Ivan waqeda ukuqeqeshwa eChuguev Military Avatiation School of Pilots. Indiza ikhanyisa iKozhevab, ngakho-ke umfana wanquma ukuhlala lapha esikhundleni somfundisi.
Umbutho wezempi
Ngo-1941, u-Ivan Kozhevab wahlukaniswa yaba ama-epochs amabili: ngaphambi nangemva kwempi. Ngokwakheka kwezindiza zesikole sezindiza, le nsizwa yayikuChimkent (manje shymkent). Lo muzi utholakala eKazakhstan. Ngokushesha u-Ivan wabelwa isihloko sesikhulu se-Sergeant, kwathi ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa baletha umLevishebi ku-240 fighter regiment 302 yesigaba sokulwa kwezindiza, esathunyelwa e-Ivanovo. Ngemuva konyaka, umshayeli wawuseVoronezh ngaphambili.
Nansi indiza ye-Ivana ihamba emoyeni, kepha i-pancake yokuqala yaphenduka i-com. I-LA - 5, lapho uKozdadub ehamba khona, walimala. Umhlane kuphela wezinto ezingafinyeleleki wavumela umshayeli wokonga impilo. Indiza yaphenduka yaphulwa ngokuphelele, kepha ikhono lomshayeli wendiza lasivumela ukuba sifike emjahweni. Buyisela i-fighter yenjini eyodwa yehlulekile.
Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezindiza, uKozjadbab wazama ukuhumushela esangweni sokuphambukisa, kepha umphathi oqondile wakumela ukuvikela isosha. Kakade ehlobo lika-1943, u-Ivan wathola enye i-asterisk futhi waqala ukugqoka isihloko semfutho emncane. Ngenxa yalolu shintsho, umshayeli wendiza wasuka waphesheya komsebenzi wesekela lomkhuzi weqembu.
Ukwethembeka ekujuleni kuka-Ivan kwaphikisana nsuku zonke, kuvuka esibhakabhakeni nasekuvikeleni umhlaba waseRussia. NgoJulayi 6, 1943 kwaqala impi e-kursk arc. Kulokhu, ukugcotshwa eLevadub yasezulwini eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka sekuvele amahlandla angama-40. Isikhumbuzo saphawula umshayeli wendiza ngokudutshulwa endizeni ye-German Bomber. Ngosuku olulandelayo, umshayeli wendiza washo enye indiza eyayidubula. NgoJulayi 9, abalindi abangu-2 bashaya umlilo.
Ukuze uthole izimpumelelo ezinjalo, u-Ivan wathola isihloko sikaLieutenant kanye neqhawe leSoviet Union. Ngo-1944, uKozhedub wathuthela endizeni eyingqayizivele ye-LA-5FN. Indiza idale umnikelo womgcini wezinyosi kusuka esifundeni saseStalingrad V.V. KONEV. Ngasikhathi sinye, umshayeli wendiza unikezwa isikhundla sokaputeni futhi adlulisele esikhundleni sePhini Lomphathi we-176 logada angu-176. Esibhakabhakeni, kusukela manje kuqhubeke, i-serviceman yaphakamisa umlengu omusha we-LA - 7. Kunokuvela kokulwa okungu-330 kanye no-62 badubula izindiza.
Ku-Ivan, impi enkulu yokuthanda izwe yaphela ngo-Ephreli 17, 1945. Ukunqoba komshayeli wahlangana sekuvele eBerlin. Lapha, owesilisa wanikezwa phezu kwendondo elandelayo "yenkanyezi yegolide". Lo mklomelo unikezwe labo bantu abakhombise isibindi, isibindi namakhono amabutho aphezulu. Kusuka kwizici eziyinhloko zeKoZJADBab ungabela isifiso sokubeka engcupheni. Vula umshayeli womlilo owuthandayo ebangeni eliseduze.
Kamuva, u-Ivan Nikitovic uzobhala i-autobiography lapho azokutshela khona ukuthi ngo-1945, ngaphambi nje kokuphothulwa kwezikhutha, amabili "amaMelika" ayesemsileni wendiza. Amasosha ase-US abona iKozhevab etholakele njengesitha, ngakho-ke indiza yaseSoviet yaqala ukugcwalisa. Bona uqobo futhi bahlupheka: U-Ivan akazange ahlele ukufa, kodwa, kunalokho, waphupha ngokubuyela emhlabeni. Ngenxa yalokho, amaMelika afa.
Akunakwenzeka ukubukela phansi ukuxhaphaza u-Ivan Nikitovich owenze eminyakeni yempi. Hhayi kanye, isikhumba safika ezimweni ezingezinhle, lapho omunye umshayeli wendiza engakwazi ukuphuma. Kepha umshayeli wendiza ngasikhathi sinye waphuma emnqobini wempi. Indoda ehleliwe empeleni yabhubhisa abalwa futhi yaqhubeka iphila.
Shiya insiza ngemuva kokuphela kwempi enkulu yokuthanda izwe, uKozadub wayengafuni, ngakho wahlala esenkonzweni ye-Air Force. Ukuphindaphinda ukunyuswa, u-Ivan Nikitovich wayedingeka athole imfundo ephakeme, ngakho-ke umshayeli wendiza wangena eRed Banner Air Academy. Kancane kancane, abakhiqizi bezindiza baqala ukudala amadizayini ahlukile. UKozadub wasukuma emoyeni kanye nendiza enolwazi.
Ngakho-ke ngo-1948, u-Ivan Nikitovich wahlola i-Mig-15 esebenzayo. Ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-8, isiphetho saholela kumshayeli wezempi e-Academy of the General Fants. Sekuyisikhathi sempi entsha eyenzeka eKorea. Ukushiya u-324, ukuhlukaniswa kwezindiza okulimazayo kwakwangakwazi ukuhlukaniswa kwamasosha kwelinye izwe. Ngenxa yamakhono kaKozhevab, empini, abashayeli bezindiza abangu-9 bafa empini, kwaqanjwa ukunqoba kwale mpi.
Ngemuva kokubuya eKorea, wathatha isikhundla sePhini Lomkhosi we-Moscow District District Air Force. Lesi sikhundla sishiywe ngo-1971 mayelana nokuhunyushwa ehhovisi eliphakathi le-Air Force. Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-7, u-Ivan Nikitovich ubeseqenjini labahloli abajwayelekile be-USSR Ministlence of Defense. Ngo-1985, uKozdadub uthole isihloko se-Marshal Aviation.
Ngaphezu kothando lwezempi, u-Ivan Nikitovich wayenomsebenzi ohlukile. Le yinqubomgomo. Ngolunye usuku, uKozhevab waqokwa yiphini labantu emkhandlwini ophakeme we-USSR II-V.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngo-1928, owashade naye wakwa-Ivan Kozhevab Venike Nikolaevna wazalelwa. Cishe bahlangana kanjani nentsha ukuthi, ubudlelwane bezothando baqala phakathi kwabo, iSolsed yancamela ukungasho.
Eminyakeni yangemva kwempi, indodakazi yabizwa ngokuthi uNalalia yazalelwa emndenini weqhawe laseSoviet Union. Kamuva, le ntombazane yaletha abazali babazukulu bakaVasily Vitalyevich. Manje umuntu usebenza esikhungweni sezokwelapha eMoscow.
Ngo-1952, uLeddenubov waba nokugcwaliswa kabusha. Kulokhu indodana yazalwa. Umfana uthole igama elithi nikita. Le nsizwa yangena ezinyathelweni zikaYise, kepha hhayi lapho kuphela lapho indiza, kepha esikoleni samaautical. Ngesikhathi senkonzo, uNikita washada nentombazane egama lingu-Olga Fedorovna. Ngo-1982, intombazane yase-Ana yazalelwa emndenini osanda kushada. Ngo-2002, bamemezela ukufa kwenduna yenduna eyi-3 ye-USSR Navy.
Ukushona
Ngo-Agasti 8, 1991, izihlobo zika-Ivan Kozhevab zamemezela ukuthi iqhawe leSoviet Union lishonile. Imbangela esemthethweni yokufa yabizwa ngokuthi ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Ukungcwatshwa kwamathuna we-Pilot, eNovodevichi, etholakala eMoscow, kukhethwe.
Ngosuku lokuzalwa komshayeli wendiza, ifilimu elibhalwe phansi "lemibhalo leminyaka leminyaka. Izimpi ezimbili u-Ivan Kozhevab, "oye wethule umbukeli ngonyaka we-2010. Izithombe, idayari ngisho nezinqolobane zomlilo womndeni, kufaka phakathi izithombe, zazisetshenziswa kusethi yemidwebo. Iqhaza eliphambili ladlalwa nguMlingisi waseRussia uSergey Larin. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi umzukulu ka-Ivan Nikitovich Anna waphinde wazalwa kabusha emshadeni weqhawe elidumile.
-Zuzayo
- Ngo-1943, 1945, 1951, 1968, 1970 - I-Cavalier of the Red Banner Order
- Ngo-1944, ngo-1945 - iqhawe leSoviet Union
- Ngo-1944, 1978 - I-Cavalier of the Order of Lenin
- Ngo-1945 - I-Cavalier Order of Alexander Nevsky
- 1955 - Kavaler of the Red Star Order
- Ngo-1975 - Kavaler of the Order "ngenkonzo yezwekazi emabuthweni ahlomile e-USSR" III degree
- 1985 - Kavaler of the Order of the Patriotic War I Degree
- 1990 - Kavaler of the Order "ukuze uthole insizakalo yezwe emabuthweni ahlomile e-USSR" II