I-Biograge
UHoward Hughes ungomunye wabantu abacebe kakhulu baseMelika. IBillionaer ethandwayo yaletha umsebenzi ngendiza. Indoda idale indiza, futhi kamuva yaqala ukudubula ama-movie. Phakathi kwabakhiqizi beHughes, ubuso obudumile "bobuso nesikhafu".Ubuntwana nentsha
NgoDisemba 24, 1905, uHoward Hughes wazalelwa emkhayeni wosomabhizinisi nowesifazane wasendlini. E-biography esemthethweni, le ndoda ithi isitifiketi sokuzalwa se-Govard samukelwe eminyakeni engama-39, njengoba abazali badlulise usuku lwamaphepha isikhathi eside. Eminye imithombo ithi uHughes wazalwa ngoSepthemba 14 noma ngoSepthemba 24, 1905.
UHoward wayehlala emndenini ovikelekile, njengoba uyise wayengumnikazi wenkampani yeHughestool, ekhiqiza imishini yokumba. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, lolu hlobo lwebhizinisi lwaletha izigidi, ngakho-ke hughes-sr. Bekukhala isimo se-multimillion ngesikhathi esifushane.
Ubuntwana bukaHoward belungelula. Umfana uvame ukugula, ngakho-ke umama uthayela ingane kunoma iziphi izimbaza. Owesifazane wayehlala ehlola umzimba kaHughes, wabe esesula ngesiponji esimanzi. UHughes wayethanda ukufunda, kepha umfana akazange athande umdlalo nabanye abantwana. Ngakho-ke, uHoward uzuze impumelelo emangalisayo ku-physics kanye nemathematics, wasungula izakhiwo zawo.
Kungazelelwe kwabangu-13, uHoward wayeka ukuzwa imilenze yakhe. Odokotela batholakele - i-Poliomyelitis, kodwa kamuva yakuphikisa, njengoba osemusha alulama futhi engenawo umuthi. Ubuhlungu kanye nobuhlungu obuphoqiwe uHughes ukuze ashintshe isikole esisodwa ngemuva kwesinye. Kepha imizamo yokuxazulula enye indawo yaphenduka uthuli.
Ngo-1922, kusho uMama Howard, kwathi ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2 akazange abe ubaba. Umphumela onjalo odabukisayo awuzange uthinte impilo kaHughes. Umfana onentshiseko eklanyelwe futhi ahlanganiswe isayensi, futhi u-an annette athatha ukukhuliswa kwesakhamuzi esincane.
Ibhizinisi nobuciko
Ngokushesha nje lapho kuneminyaka engu-18 ubudala, le nsizwa yangena ifa. Shiya ngaphandle kokulawula ukusebenza kwengqondo kababa akuzange kuhlele, ngakho-ke kwathola usizo lwenkampani ngokushesha. Ezinye izihlobo zazama ukucindezela kuHughes futhi zithengise amabhizinisi ezingxenyeni ezithile, kepha ngokushesha "zibathumele esihogweni."
Zonke izinyathelo ze-hughes zacabanga ngaphandle. Umfana waqala kalula abantu obajwayele, okwathi kamuva kwaba yinzuzo kuwo womabili amaqembu. Ngo-1924, kwakungekho mkhondo ngo-1924 kusuka ezihlotsheni ezisebenza kuHoward.
Ezandleni zeHughes, le nhlangano, inani lemakethe lalilingana namadola ayisigidi. Ngenxa yenkampani kababa, insizwa ethile, ngaphandle kokucabanga, ichithe izigidi ezingxenyeni zomuntu siqu, i-cinema nezinye izinto zokuzilibazisa.
I-movie inengxenye enkulu yempilo yeHoward Hughes. Phambi kwakhe, usomabhizinisi abeka umgomo "ukuba abe ngumakhiqizi omuhle kakhulu wamafilimu." Ngo-1927, ukufezekiswa komqondo womqondo, uHughes uthenga amaCaddofilms. Kamuva wathola igumbi lokufakwa kwemidwebo yesikhathi esizayo. Ngo-22, howard walithola ithuba lokwenza amafilimu namafilimu akhiqizayo.
Umsebenzi wokuqala onesihloko esithi "ukuvuvukala hogan" akazange azithobe emphakathini. Kepha okwesibili, izilaleli zabona "ukudlala konke" kwadalwa nguHughes. Lesi sithombe saphumelela futhi saletha imali yenkampani yamafilimu. Ngomsebenzi we- "Third Arabian Knight", iHoward yathola umfanekiso oyigugu emhlabeni we-cinema - "Oscar". Ngo-1928, uHughes wayefuna ukwethula umhlaba ifilimu entsha ebizwa nge- "Hell's Angel", kepha ngokungazelelwe wathola ukuthi manje wayesekhiqiza amateyipu ngomsindo.
Ukungafuni ukunciphisa ubuchwepheshe besimanje, usomabhizinisi abhale kabusha umbhalo, axosha umlingiswa ophambili futhi asuse le filimu futhi. Uhlu lwempumelelo yomsebenzi njengomkhiqizi "ubuso nesikhafu" kanye "ngaphandle komthetho".
Indizamshini
Uthando lwe-Aviation ngaphakezela kusuka kuHoward eneminyaka engu-14. Kamuva, indoda yaqala ukuya ezifundweni zokwakhiwa kwendiza. Uthisha wokuqala kule ndawo kwakunguCharles Lestat. Ngo-1928, uHughes wadlula ezivivinyweni, okwathi ngemuva kwalokho le nsizwa yanikezwa ilayisense yokushayela. Ukusuka kulokhu kwaqala umlando weHoward njengoMdali nomqoqi wendiza. Owokuqala eqoqweni kwakukhona i-foeing 100a. Inkinga yezezimali yandiza yaya eMelika, kepha uHughes wayengeke aqaphele lokhu.
Usomabhizinisi uya esigabeni esiyingozi futhi uvula inkampani ye-Design Design Company ye-Hughes. Ezikhungweni zokukhiqiza, iHoward ithola isiza esikhulu sezwe eduze kweCalver City. Futhi lapho kuchithwa ama-hughes anendiza eyi-6 ye-amphibian kanye nama-hang hangs akhethekile wokugcina izindiza. Usomabhizinisi osemusha wahlelwa nje ukudala izindiza, kodwa ukuhlanganyela e-US Army.
Ngo-1935, uHoward wazama ukubamba iqhaza emqhudelwaneni wokwakha i-fighter for the air air. Kulokhu, onjiniyela abanethalente bamenywa ukuba basebenze. Ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe babedingeka njengebhizinisi lomsizi, kodwa umncintiswano wezindiza we-hughes elahlekile. Kuliqiniso, uHughes wakwazi ukuzichaza, asungule irekhodi lomhlaba: Kuleli phoyisa elisha lasebenza ku-567 km / h.
Ngemuva kweminyaka emi-3, le nkampani yakhangwa ukunikezwa kwe-Interceptor ye-US Air Force. Indiza edingekayo ukusheshisa kuya ku-580 km / h. Ukuze kube lula, ukukhiqizwa kwendiza kudluliselwe eCalifornia. Imali yendiza ye-Hughes empeleni ayiyimali, ngakho-ke imali evela ephathekayo yeHughes yakhangwa ukuthuthukisa umlobi.
Usizo oluphelele lwenkampani lunikeze abasebenzi bezempi eminyakeni yempi. Indiza ayikwazanga ukunikela, kepha banikela ngamateyipu we-cartridge afakwe izibhamu zendiza. Usuvele usesikhathini sempi ekhanda ekhanda leHoward Hughes, kwavela umbono omuhle - ukunqotshwa kwezindiza zomphakathi.
UHughes H-4 Hercules uba yindalo edume kakhulu. Umlando wendalo wethulwa ngokugqamile kwifilimu ethi "Aviator" eyenziwe nguMqondisi uMartin Scorsese. Umlingiswa ophambili, uHoward Hughes uqobo, wadlala umlingisi uLeonardo di Caprio.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Impilo yomuntu siqu yeHoward Hughes embozwe izintatheli. Emigwaqweni yokuqala yamaphephandaba, imininingwane ngenoveli entsha yomunye wabantu abacebe kakhulu ngalesosikhathi. Unkosikazi wokuqala kaHovard waba yi-Ella Rice. Kepha laba bantu babekhona ukuba babe ngabaphikisi, babenezifiso nezinhloso ezihlukile, ngakho ngo-1929 kwafika isehlukaniso sobabili esilindelwe isikhathi eside.
Okwesibili, inyunyana i-hughes yaphetha iSt. Petersburg noJean. Futhi ukuqonda okuphindaphindiwe akufiki. Umklami wezindiza akazange azame ngisho nokugcina umshado, avele emphakathini ngobuhle obusha - uBrunette Brunette. Phakathi kwenkosikazi eya eziya ezinkanyezini ze-cinema: U-Ida Lupino, iRita Heivort, ama-ginger roger. Amantombazane avele neHughes esithombeni sePaparazzi.
Izinkumbulo ezikhanyayo zeHoward zaba yindaba ne-Avoi Gardner. Ngokokuqala ngqa, abantu abasha bahlangana ngo-1943. Kamuva, inoveli yadlula kwabo. UHughes waphikisana nobuhle obubona imizwa enkulu. UHoward uqalile futhi waqala ukulandela othandekayo. I-Exprimeve Gardner yayingafuni ukukhuthazelela lokhu, ngakho-ke ngaphonswa eHughes ngezibhakela, futhi kamuva imifanekiso nezinye izinto zeza ekuhambeni. Kwake kwenzeka ngesikhathi ngishaya i-howard ngaphambi kwengxenye kubukeka sengathi.
UBillionaire wazama kabusha ukwakha umndeni, kepha vele unalo uCatherine Hepburn. Amanoveli adumile uHughes waphenduka waphenduka indoda enikele nenhlonipho. Kepha uHoward akakwazanga ukuma futhi aphinde ahlanganisa ubudlelwane ohlangothini. Kwaba ngotshani bokugcina: othandekayo waphuka, kepha bagcina ubungane.
Kamuva washicilela incwadi ekhuluma ngempilo ye-American ebizwa ngokuthi "Howard Hughes: Indaba Engachazwanga". Umbhali wathi uHughes uhlobanisa ubudlelwano bezothando nabesifazane nabesilisa. Ukumangalelwa kushaya umlingisi uCary Grant.
Ukushona
Ezempilo akuzange kube uhlangothi oluqinile lwebhilionaire, ngakho-ke akumangazi ukuthi ngemuva kwezingozi zezimoto, i-syphilis yeHoward yathuthuka ezinye izifo. Usomabhizinisi kwadingeka athole ama-painkillers ukuze angazizwa imiphumela yezifo ezimbi.
Ukufa kukaHughes kwaziswa ngo-Ephreli 5, 1976. Kwenzeka lapho egibela indiza, eyathutha iHoward eya kwiWeseli laseHouston Hospital. Thola emzimbeni okhathele usomabhizinisi akunakungabaza, ngakho-ke abaphathi be-FBI baphoqeleka ukuba basuse iminwe.
Ochwepheshe abenze i-autopsy bathi ukufa bekufikile ngenxa yokungasebenzi kwezinso. Umngcwabo kaHoward Hughes wenzeka eGlenwood Cemetery. Ithuna lomklami wezindiza kanye ne-cinematographhere lihlala eduze kukababa nonina.
Ukuhlola umbuso
Ngokwesimo seHoward Hughes, eyaqhubeka ngemuva kokufa, izinganekwane zitholakala. Kuze kube manje, akekho umuntu ongabiza igama ngqo. Imithombo esemthethweni yayihlanganisa amadola ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1,4. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi izinkampani zikaHoward zilethe usomabhizinisi imali ethe xaxa. Ngenxa yomsebenzi ohambisanayo, uHughes waba yindoda ecebe kunazo zonke yaseMelika ngaleyo minyaka.Izics
- Ngo-1927 - "Ama-Arabian Knight" amabili "
- 1928 - "Racket"
- 1930 - "Izingelosi Zesihogo"
- Ngo-1931 - "Ubudala bothando"
- 1932 - "Amadimoni Amoya"
- 1932 - "Umuntu onesibazi"
- 1943 - "Ngaphandle komthetho"
- 1946 - "Izono zikaMnu. Dellok"
- Ngo-1950 - "I-Tattoned Stranger"
- Ngo-1950 - "Vendetta"
- 1951 - "Owesifazane Wamaphupho Akhe"
- 1952 - "I-Las Vegas History"
- 1953 - "Ithuba Lesibili"
- 1956 - "Umnqobi"
- 1957 - "Pilot of the earch indiza"