Umlando Wemilingiswa
U-Alexander Duma Jr. wangena ezinyathelweni zikaYise, owadalwa yi- "Count Monte Cristo" kanye "musketeers amathathu". Wabhala inoveli "nentokazi noCamellias", eyayingena emacereni okubhala amaFrance, yaphoqa lonke izwe ukuba lixoxe ngesakhiwo esichaziwe. UDuma waphefumulelwa yindaba yekhethini elisencane, uBeauty Marie Dupselli, isifo sofuba sangenjalo.
Kamuva, inoveli yathola umfana omangalisayo, ochaze umlando wothando uMargarita Gauthier no-Arman Duudal. Imisebenzi yokulungiselela ikhanga abaculi. UVerdi wabhala i-Opera "Traviata" ngokusekelwe encwadini, bese kuba nama-ballets, ama-movie kanye nemisebenzi eyayiphonsela inselelo indaba embi.
Umlando wendalo
U-Alexander Duma uchaza i-epoch lapho iParis idonsela ukukhanya kukaSofita futhi kwakuyiholide ledolobha. Njengoba sisindile kabusha kabusha kabusha kwezepolitiki, impi kanye nenguquko, leli dolobha lalingena emgqeni wemikhosi nokuzijabulisa. Ama-Ballas abuyiselwena, futhi izikhundla zezwe akuzange zime. Amantombazane e-Epoch of Dumas - Ndodana aziqhayisa ngeqiniso lokuthi awekho ekhaya ngenxa yesidingo sokuvela njalo emhlabeni. Lo mkhathi udluliselwa kwinoveli ngenxa yengcebo yendodana yoMbhali we-Noveli odumile nombhali wayo kuphela.
I-prototype yomlingiswa ophambili osebenze njenge-alfonsina ethile ye-plebasy, uyi-marie duplessi. Intombazane ephuma emndenini ompofu, okuyinto emvelo enikezwe ubuhle nezinye izintelezi, yayinhle, ihlakaniphile nokwahlulela. Umnikazi wokunambitheka okucashile uzuze indawo yabameleli bendawo ephezulu kakhulu.
Wasuka embuthanweni wezintokazi zokuziphatha okulula e-Elite, lapho yayincintisana kalula nabamele abakhangayo beBeaujda. U-Alfonsina wamthanda uCamellia. Izimbali ngaphandle kwephunga liphelezele yonke indawo, futhi ngenxa yalokho wathola igama lesidlaliso elithi "Lady Lady noCamellias." I-Biography yentombazane - isibonelo somsebenzi ophumelelayo emphakathini. Ngo-23, washona eKhakhotka.
AbaseParis bashaqeka ngalezi zindaba. Ayikho intokozo ekhiqizwayo ekhiqizwayo, lapho izihlobo zentombazane zithengise khona izinto zayo ngamanani amabi. Kwakuwukuheha, ngoba amaqembu angangena endlini kaKurttizanka, isikhundla sakhe esingakuvumeli ukuthi sikwenze obala. Umbhali we- "Ladies noCamellias" wavakashela ukuthengisa. Ngokukhumbula i-heroine yokukhanya okuphezulu kakhulu, wathola iketanga legolide.
Ngemuva kwesikhashana, izilaleli zomfundi kaParis zaxoxa nge-Duma yaseRoma, lapho uMargarita Gauthier eba ngumuntu ophethe. Ngokusobala kwakungukuthi umbhali wakhetha i-prototype ye-heroine yamaRoma Alfonsin of Plebsy. Kwakuyinselele emphakathini, ngoba abantu abanjalo bebengamukelwa emphakathini esidlangalaleni.
Indaba eyiqiniso yamantombazane athi "Polusivet" ithi i-Marie Duplessi yazalwa emndenini wesifundazwe futhi yaya enhlokodolobha. Ukubukeka kwayo okuhle, isibalo esinembile kanye nezici zokuyenga zobuso zidonsela ukunaka kwabanye. Wanqoba abaculi, osopolitiki, ama-deltsov kanye nabamele ukukhanya okuphezulu kakhulu.
Ama-Dumas ashaywe ngesibindi, akhethe ubukhulu bokuziphatha okukhanyayo futhi awethule ngokukhanya okuhle. Umugqa wothando uchazwa eDuma cishe kumuntu wokuqala. Izisusa zalo zingaqhathaniswa nobudlelwano be-Alexander nothandekayo wakhe. Isifebe kanye nendodana ethosiwe yase-Alexander Duma-Senior, izinhlamvu ezimbili zahlanganiswa ngumphakathi, zatholana. Ukufa kwentombi kushaye umlobi omncane ekujuleni komphefumlo.
Inoveli yahlanganisa ama-nuances amaningi anelukuluku, ayekwenza yadumala ngekhulu le-19 futhi isaheha ukunakwa kwezilaleli. Emidlalweni yeshashalazi ethokozisayo yaseYurophu, inoveli yaguqulwa ngokushesha yaba umdlalo. Wayehlelelwe ukubeka ngo-1851. Izitshudeni zimise lolu hlelo.
Ngemuva kokubhubhisa amandla nokukhuphuka kwesihlalo sobukhosi uLouis Napoleon "Inenekazi eline-Camellia" lalimelelwa ngumbukeli wezemidlalo ukuthi aphazamise umphakathi kuPeripetias yezepolitiki. Lesi sitatimende saphumelela, futhi i-Duma-Son yenyulwa njengombhali onethalente nosizo. Kamuva, umlobi wabuyela esihlokweni esisetshenzisiwe, kodwa akakwazanga ukudlula yena.
Isithombe nesakhiwo
IMargarita Gauthier iyi-heroine ye-melodramatic. Ukufa kwamdinga ukuvela komfel 'ukholo. Ukuwa kwakuyisisulu esilethwe nguye, hhayi enyameni. Sebejwayelane nensizwa i-Arman, kusukela kude nobuhle bokuvuma uKurtisani, wabona umuzwa wangempela futhi wanquma ukushintsha impilo. Akuzange kuncishwe ubukhosi, uGauth ulungele ukulahla izinzuzo ezibonakalayo egameni lothando. Kepha intokazi ye-melanchocyocolic yabona ukuthi kunesithiyo phakathi kwakhe no-Armana ngesimo sakhe senhlalo.
Ngokucashile uGauthu uziqhathanisa noManon Lesko, egxile e-Biography yalokho futhi afake impilo yakhe. UMargarita ufanelekile ama-frill, ngoba awonakalisiwe futhi angakhombisi okucacile. Akanakho izinketho zokuxhaswa okuzimele, ngakho-ke uthola abashisekeli abacebile. Ama-Dukes kanye namagrafu inani ekuhlanzeni kweMargarita, izahlulelo ezizwakalayo nobumnene.
I-Kurtisanka idala ngekhono isithombe somphakathi, ivela emphakathini noCamellias, evakashela njalo izehlakalo. Lo mdlalo waba yingxenye yempilo yakhe, ngakho-ke ukuya eshashalazini ye-margarita akuyona nje indlela yokuphuma. Yamukela imithetho yokukhanya nokusakazwa empilweni yangempela.
Ukufanekisela amakamela asetshenziswa yiwo akunakubukelwa phansi. Le ntombazane yavela enkundleni yemidlalo yaseshashalazini enesixha sezimbali eziqhubekayo. Amakamelo amhlophe athathelwa indawo obomvu izinsuku ezinhlanu. Lesi sibonakaliso sasiwuphawu lwemfihlo lwamadoda, inselelo emphakathini kanye nesimfanelo esisemqoka kwesithombe saso.
Isifo sofuba, esivamile ngalezo zinsuku, sishaye uMargarita esemncane. Isifo esingenakuvusa asivumeli ukuthi le ntombazane yanda ukuguga, umshado ongaphumeleli, amahloni nezinye izikhathi ezingemnandi, lapho izintokazi zaleso sikhathi zazingezinsusiwe.
-Vikayo
Isithombe sikaMargarita Gauthier saletha impumelelo kubalingisi abaningi. Kule ndima bakhanyisa uDoleanor Duza, uSara Bernard noGreta Garbo, Francesca Nery kanye no-Alla Nazimov, evamile kaTolmenzh no-Isabelle Yupper.
Ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwezinsuku zenoveli zibuyele ku-1915. Kwakuwusizi lweBrithani lwe-movie ethule. Abantu baseMelika basheshe baphendule eBrithani futhi bakhipha le filimu esakhiweni esidumile ngo-1917. Indima eyinhloko yenziwa nge-ted bar. Namuhla akunakwenzeka ukubona iribhoni, njengoba ibhekwa njengelahlekile.
Ngo-1921, itheyipu edumile yaphuma, izindima eziyinhloko ezadlalwa yi-Alla Nazimov noRudolf Valentino. I-Star of American Cinema yaheha izinkulungwane zezimoto zaseMelika ezikrinini. Ngemuva kweminyaka emihlanu, okujwayelekile kweTolmedia noRoland kwenziwa ezithombeni zeMargarita Gauthier no-Arman.
Ngo-1936 wanikeza i-cinema yase-cinema yaseMelika ngokuzibandakanya kukaRobert Taylor nobingelela. Umdwebi wathola u-Oscar ukuthola imichilo yamakhethini. Le filimu ifakiwe ohlwini lwamateyipu angama-100 anothando anothando ngokusho umagazini wesikhathi ngo-2005. I-Stock Pooto Khonsela Garbo evikelekile amakhulukhulu emboza umagazini.
Ngo-1984, le noveli yavikelwa ukubamba iqhaza kwe-skakki yokubingelela ne-colin of the firth. Izibukeli ziyatholakala nasekompopa 1995 no-2007.
Uhlobo lokuqanjwa ku "Onekazi noCamellias" wethule umqondisi weBalabani. Esithombeni sakhe, uRenat Littervinova udlale umlingiswa ophambili, enikeza izilaleli hhayi eyodwa ye-monologie ye-monologie.
Amacaphuna
Ithalente lika-Alexander Duma - indodana lalingaphansi kwethalente likayise. Izincazelo eziningi ezimibalabala futhi zifakwe emlonyeni wama-Heroes Filosophical Replicas zakha umoya okhanyayo futhi akuvumele uzizwe isikhathi.
"Ngiyawathanda amagilebhisi aphefumulayo, ngoba akanambitha, ngiyalithanda uCamellia, ngoba anephunga, ngithanda abantu abacebile, ngoba abananhliziyo"Ngakho-ke utshela uGautier mayelana nabalandeli, wehla abantu abangakwazi ukuzwa imizwa ejulile. Lokhu kwagcwala ukukhanya okuphezulu kakhulu ngawo-1850.
"Hhayi lelo coccob, hhayi i-Duchess"Babekhuluma ngeMargarita, ekwazi ukukhombisa ukujula komuntu ekukhangeleni kwangaphandle. Wayazi intengo, futhi ezuza kahle ukuyiqonda. Izipho ezicebile ezigcwalisa indlu iGauthier idlulisela izinga lokunconywa kwamaCavaliers kanye nabasebenzi:
"Izinyoni zihlwanyele ekhejini elicwengekile, amaqoqo amangazayo ayebonakala emakhabethe engilazi: ubuciko obujwayelekile befektri yaseSovra, izithombe ezinhle kakhulu zesaxon ze-koqweqwe, i-baubles."UMargarita wahlala edlala ikusasa, kuye ngelinye izwe:
"Wayeyithanda iFlorentine Bronze, no-Evamel, eTerracotta, lonke ubunyono bokunambitha kanye nokunethezeka kwesikhathi esinjalo. Wabona isifanekiselo sobuhle bakhe nokuphila kwakhe kubo. Make! Wayenomhlobiso ongenamsebenzi, umqashi, ithoyizi elixakile ... ".Ayidingi ngempela. Impilo yentombazane yayingenalutho, ukuphishekela ukuqina ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo kwenza kwaba okungenanjongo futhi kuyahlanya.
"Nansi impilo futhi nakhu ukufa, lapho ungafunda khona isifundo esihle"UCharles Dickens wabhala leli binzana ngokuvakashela endalini ye-Alfonsina yePlebsy. Kungashiwo okufanayo ngeMargarita Gauthier.