I-Biograge
Ngomlando omncane wezincwadi, iMelika ikwazile ukushiya ifa elikhulu. UMark Twain, uJack London, uMargaret Mitchell, u-Edgaret Mitchell, u-Harper Lee, uStephen King, u-Theodore Driver ... Bahlala futhi basebenza ngezikhathi ezihlukile, kodwa ezincwadini zalaba bantu bazwakala kuyahluka, kepha ukuhlanganisa. Mhlawumbe imizwa echazwe ngokuqinile ibangela isebenza yi-American American Classic Scott Fitzgeraldd.Ubuntwana nentsha
UFrancis wazalwa emkhayeni wazokufika e-Ireland. Umkhulu wakhe kulayini womama uPhilip Mckillan, ufudukela e-United States, wakwazi ukuma ngezinyawo ezweni elisha futhi acebe. Kepha u-Eduard Ficezgerald, owagcotshwa e-Ireland efanayo - ubaba wabalobizayo, wehlulekile ukufeza imiphumela efanayo. U-Eduard ancishisiwe kuphela iziphetho, ngakho-ke lapho uMcKyly McKilan eholelwa kubazali bendoda yesikhathi esizayo, babezama ukunciphisela intombazane esuka e-cavaller engathembekile.
Ekugcineni, u-Edward noMolly badlale umshado, ngoba indoda endala uMcquill kwadingeka ibekezelele lokhu futhi ekuqaleni ukusiza umndeni osanda kwenziwa. Kamuva, uChet Fitzgeraldds waqala ibhizinisi futhi wakwazi ukuzondla.
Ukuphela kwenkinga ehlushwa ngumndeni osemusha kwakuwukufa kwezingane ezimbili zokuqala. Ngakho-ke, laba bobabili bebungaqondakali, lapho indodana elindelwe isikhathi eside yavela ngoSepthemba 24, 1896. Umfana wanqunywa ukubiza uFrancis Scott.
Njengoba uFrancis nodadewabo uLouise babengamalungu omndeni wamaKatolika, khona-ke izingane zemfundo eziyinhloko ezitholwa ezikoleni zamaKatolika. Umfana uthweswe iziqu e-Academy of St Paul (Saint Paul Academy), esesimweni sendabuko saseMinnesota.
I-Fitzgerald esencane eSikole saseNewman), eseMassachusetts yaqhubeka nokutadisha. Ukutadisha esikoleni saseNewman, uFrancis wasebenzisa isikhathi sakhe samahhala semfundo.
Ngemuva kokuphothula esikoleni sangasese, lo mfo wathuthela eNew Jersey ukufaka i-Princeton University. Njengomfundi weNyuvesi ehlonishwayo, i-Fitzgerald yacabanga ngombhali nombhali kanye nesimo semiculi yamahlaya. UFrancis wabamba iqhaza emiqhudelwaneni yezemibhalo, kepha akazange akhohlwe ngesimo somzimba okufanele alandelwe: UFitzgerald futhi ungene eqenjini lebhola lasekamu.
Kodwa-ke, le nyuvesi ayizange iguqule inyuvesi. Esikhundleni salokho, ngo-1917, waya embuthweni wezempi ngo-1917, lapho, lapho, endleleni, wakwazi ukwakha umsebenzi, esefinyelele esihlokweni somkhuzi othambisayo we-infantry brigade.
Ngo-1919, ama-Fitzgerald ashiya amasosha. Amasu kaGuy ayengumshado noZelda Seyra, intombazane enhle kakhulu evela emndenini ohlonishwayo evela e-Alabama. Kepha lo mshado wavinjelwa abazali bakaZelda, njengoba beke wakubheka ukuthi akufanele akhiphe indodakazi yakhe ngenxa yempi, eyayisanda kubuya embuthweni futhi yayingenayo imali ezinzile. Ngokuqinisekile lokho kuvunguza kuvunguza - phinda isiqephu kusuka ekufezekeni kukababa nonina!
UFrancis Scott wanquma ukuthi uma eba ngumlobi odumile, khona-ke abazali bentombazane babezoshintsha izingqondo zabo. UFitzgerald wathuthela eNew York, lapho aqala khona ukwenza imali, esebenza njenge-ejenti yokukhangisa, futhi ngesikhathi sakhe samahhala - ebhala inoveli ye-rut.
Into yokufunda
Umbhalo wesandla oqediwe womsebenzi we- "Romantic Egoist" uFrancis wathumela izindlu eziphambili zokushicilela zeNew York, kodwa ephendula ethola ukwehluleka kuphela. Kwaba khona okuqinile kumuntu. Waqala ukuphuza, wabe eseshayela lo msebenzi. Kwesobunxele ngaphandle kwendlela yobukhona, wabuyela endlini yabazali.
Ukushayela kancane, i-Fitzgeraldd inquma ukulungisa umbhalo wesandla, okuholela ekubhaleni kabusha kusuka ekuqaleni. Ikhophi elisha le-Novice Novelist lithumela abashicileli. Kusuka kuCharles Scribner`s indodana ivela esayiniwe yi-Phief Edi Maxwell Perkins. Kuyo, inkomba eyinhloko yokuthi umsebenzi kaFrancis uhlukile kakhulu kukho konke okushicilelwe manje. Kepha umshicileli ulungele ukuthatha ithuba futhi ukhulule incwadi, njengoba ikholelwa empumelelweni yayo.
NgoMashi 26, 1920, "uMbhalelisi obhalwe kabusha" uya eSharles Scriberner's indodana ebizwa ngokuthi "ngaphesheya kwePharadesi". Le ncwadi iba yi-betterseller (kuleyo minyaka ibingakasebenzi leli gama, kepha namhlanje umphumela wokuthengiswa kwenoveli uzobizwa ngale ndlela), umbhali udumile, futhi uZelda Seyir - I-Zelda Seyir - I-Zelda Seyir - I-Zelda Seyir - I-Zelda Seyir - Brait Fitzgeraldd.
Ngaphezu kwalokho uFrancis ubhala izindaba zama-almanacs namamagazini athandwayo, lezi zindaba zizoshicilelwa eqoqweni lakhe lokuqala "zimiswe futhi zijulile". NgoMeyi 1922, indaba yomlando "ongaqondakali weBenjamin Batton" ishicilelwe kumaviki onke, futhi aqine kakhulu i-Fitzgerald esikhundleni sombhali wesizukulwane esisha - Isizukulwane seJazz.
Naphezu kokuzalwa kwendodakazi yakhe, uFrancis noZollda baqala ukuhola indlela yokuphila yama-chic futhi babe ngamaqhawe encwadi yeziKronike zezwe. Konke okwenziwa kwabo kuhlukaniswa ngempela yisilinganiso kanye ne-causticity. Ngo-1922, ama-Fitzgeralds athola inkosi entsha eyakhelwe eManhattan. Kulapho lapho umbhali eqala ukusebenza "nge-gatsby enkulu".
Ngasikhathi sinye, uFrancis ushicilela inoveli yakhe yesibili - "muhle futhi walahlwa", uthengisa amalungelo okukhishwa kwakhe kwefilimu nguWilliam a esizeni, abese ekhipha iqoqo "lemicu ye-Jazz" nekhulu leminyaka ".
Ngo-1924, i-Fitzgerald inquma ukuya eYurophu. Ngesikhathi sohambo lwakhe, unesikhathi sokuthola abantu obajwayele abasha, futhi benze abangane ngo-Ernest Hemingway, owayephila ngaleso sikhathi eParis. EMelika, ngalesi sikhathi, i-Roman Francis yesithathu iyaphuma - "Great Gatsby", kanye nokugcina kwakhe ifilimu, kudutshulwa nguHerbert Benon.
Lapho ebuyela eMbhobheni Wezwe, umlobi wawushicilela elinye iqoqo, elabizwa ngokuthi "bonke laba bantu abadabukisayo", ngemuva kwalokho ibhendi emnyama iqala empilweni kaFitzgerald. Izinzuzo zibhekwa njengezizathu ezifu avela kumkakhe kanye nokuqala kokuthuthukiswa kwe-schizophrenia yakhe. Ucebisi uZelda wehluleka. UFrancis waphinda futhi umlutha wotshwala, okuholela enkingeni yokudala.
Ngo-1934, kungalindelekanga, kunenoveli entsha yombhali iyaphuma - "ubusuku", esekelwe kuma-biografikhi akhe.
Kamuva i-Fitzgerald inquma ukuguqula i-vector yesenzo futhi iba ngumqondisi weHollywood. Ngokuzibandakanya kwakhe, kwakukhona amateyipu amaningi ale minyaka, kepha impumelelo enkulu "yayinguFrank Barreseigigi ngenoveli ka-Erich Mary Remarik kanye" nowesifazane "kaGeorge Kicker. Kuyamangaza ukuthi kunoma yiliphi lala mafilimu ezinhlamvu, igama lomlobi alicaciswanga.
Ngo-1939, i-Fitzgerald iqala ukusebenza ku- "Magnate Okokugcina" - inoveli mayelana ne-hollywood. Le noveli izodedelwa kahle, kanye namaqoqo "wabwood" kanye "nezindleko zokukhuliswa okuhle."
I-Fitzgerald ingahle idlulise umoya waleso sikhathi. Lokhu kwaholela ekuqubukeni kwezihlangu eziningi zezincwadi zakhe. "I-Great Great Gatsby" (1974) kaJack Clayton noRobert Redford, "Magnate Wokugcina" (1976) u-Elia Kazan noRobert de Niro, "Umlando Ongaqondakali waBenjamin Batcher" (2008) UDavid Fincher " IBlanchetta, kanye ne- "Great Gatsby" (2013) i-Lurman Base ephethe abalingisi abahle kakhulu - uLeonardo di Caprio, uToby Malligan, uJoweli Ecerigan, u-Elizabeth Debiki noJason Conbis.
Futhi ngonyaka we-2016, uchungechunge lwe- "Last Magnate" luphume kwizikrini. UMat Bomer noLily Collins bagcwalisekile ku-screenplay entsha. Lokhu akuwona kuphela ukwakhiwa kwethelevishini kwemisebenzi ye-Fitzgerald - ku-TV, womabili ngokuzimela imisebenzi yokuhlola umlobi kanye nokuguqulwa kwezindaba ngazinye zemibukiso ye-TV njengokuvuselelwa "kanye" nethimba ".
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Kusukela ngo-1920 kuya ku-1940, uFityzgerald wayeshade ne-Syer. Ngo-Okthoba 26, 1921, kwadingeka umbhangqwana obabazekayo.
Ngemuva kwesehlukaniso neZelda Fitzgerald, kaningi ngahlangana nentatheli ebhala ngezindaba zeHollywood ngezinhlobo ezinkulu. Izinqumo ezintsha zikaFrancis ezibizwa ngeSheila Graham. Ngokubambisana baphila kancane, ukufa kombhali kwasebenza njengokufa.
Ukufa uFrancis Scott Fitzgeraldd
Umlobi ushone ngoDisemba 21, 1940.
Imbangela esemthethweni yokufa iyisihlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo, nokho, abangane kanye nabajwayelene nalokhu abajwayelene nalokho uFrancis akazange abe ngenxa yokusebenzisa utshwala ngokweqile, okwakhaphela ngemuva kwesehlukaniso noZelda.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1920 - "Ngale Ndlela yePharadesi"
- 1922 - "Umlando Ongaqondakali wakwaBenjamin Batton"
- Ngo-1922 - "Muhle futhi Uyalahla"
- Ngo-1923 - "izindaba ezingekhulu leminyaka ye-jazz"
- Ngo-1925 - "Great Gatsby"
- 1926 - "Bonke laba bantu abadabukisayo"
- Ngo-1934 - "Ubusuku" ubusuku "
- 1935 - "Ukuvuka Amasiginali"
- 1941 - "Magn yokugcina"
- 1945 - "I-Wrecker"