I-Biograge
UGiuseppe Verdi (Igama eligcwele - UGiuseppe Fornino Francesco Verdi) - Umqambi omkhulu wase-Italy. Imisebenzi yakhe yomculo ithi "ingcebo" yobuciko bomhlaba we-Opera. I-Desitunce Verdi - isiphetho sokuthuthukiswa kwe-opera yase-Italy yekhulu le-19. Ngibonga kuye, i-Opera yaba yiyo manje.Ubuntwana nentsha
UGiuseppe Verdi wazalelwa edolobhaneni lase-Italy elise-Italy laseLe Roncole, eduze kwedolobha laseBusseo. Ngaleso sikhashana, le nsimu yayingowokuqala kombuso waseFrance. Ngakho-ke, kwimibhalo esemthethweni yizwe lokuzalwa kweFrance. Wazalwa ngo-Okthoba 10, 1813 emndenini womlimi. Uyise uCarlo Giuseppe Verdi uqukethe indawo yokudlela yasendaweni. Futhi umama kaLuigi Uttini wasebenza nguPrya.
Uthando ngomculo umfana ukhombise ebuntwaneni, ngakho-ke okokuqala abazali bamnikeze umgogodla - ithuluzi elibalulekile lentambo, elifana ne-hatschihing. Futhi ngokushesha waqala ukutadisha incwadi yomculo wafunda lo mdlalo esitho eSontweni lasekhaya. Uthisha wokuqala ngumpristi uPietro Baystrokki.
Eminyakeni eyi-11, uGiuseppe omncane waqala ukufeza imisebenzi ye-organist. Wake waba senkonzweni, waqashelwa ngumthengisi wasemadolobheni ocebile u-Antonio Bareti, wasikisela ukubasiza umfana ukuba athole imfundo emnandi yomculo. Okokuqala, uVerda wathuthela endlini kaBareti, indoda ethile yamkhokhela uthisha omuhle kakhulu, futhi kamuva wakhokhwa futhi efunda i-Juseppe eMilan.
Ngalesi sikhathi, uVerdi waba nesithakazelo ezincwadini. Okuncamelayo kunika imisebenzi yakudala kaDante, Shakespeare, Schiller, Goethe.
Umculo
Lapho efika eMilan, uzama ukungena eConservatory, kepha ngokushesha wamukela ukwenqaba. Akuthathwa ngenxa yezinga elinganele lomdlalo epiyano. Yebo, nobudala, ngaleso sikhathi wayeseneminyaka engu-18 ubudala, wadlula obekwe ekwamukelweni. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi manje iMilan Conservatory ibizwa ngokuthi nguGiuseppe Verdi.
Kepha le nsizwa ayilahli ithemba, iqasha uthisha wangasese futhi afunde izisekelo ze-countpoint. Uvakashela ukusebenza kwe-opera, amakhonsathi ama-orchestra ahlukahlukene, axhumana nebhomu lendawo. Futhi ngalesi sikhathi, uqala ukucabanga ngokuba ngumqambi wethiyetha.
Lapho ebuyela eVerdi eBopeto Antonio Bareti ehlele inkulumo yokuqala yensizwa empilweni yakhe, eyakhiqizwa yi-ferburr yangempela. Ngemuva kwalokho, uBareti wanikeza uGiuseppe ukuba abe ngumfundisi ngendodakazi yakhe uMargarita. Kungekudala kwaba nozwela phakathi kwabantu abasha, futhi babenenoveli.
Ekuqaleni, umsebenzi kaVerdi wabhala imisebenzi emincane: ama-Marches, ezothando. Isitatimende sokuqala kwakuyi-Opera, Bala uDi San Bonifacio, owavezwa esibukweni se-Milane eLa Scala Scala. Ngemuva kwempumelelo yezindlebe noGiuseppe Verdi, kwasayinwa isivumelwano sokubhala amanye ama-opera amabili. Emikhawulweni evunyelwe, wadala i- "INKOSI ngehora" nelithi "UNabucco".
Ukukhiqizwa kwe- "King kwehora lehora" kwamukelwa kabi ngombukeli futhi kwahluleka, futhi kwaNabucco, i-Imerario yethiyetha yaseshashalazini eyayinqabile nhlobo. Induna yakhe yayihlala yenzeka, noma iminyaka emibili kamuva. Futhi le opera yayinempumelelo yezithulu.
Ku-Verdi, othi ngemuva kokwehluleka kwe- "King ihora lonke" nokushonelwa komkakhe nezingane kwakuzoshiya insimu yomculo, uNabucco waba yi-sip yomoya omusha. Idumela lomqambi ophumelele laligxilile ngemuva kwakhe. "UNabucco" wonyaka wafakwa eshashalazini izikhathi ezingama-65, ngendlela, namanje azifinyeleli ezigcawini zomhlaba.
Le nkathi e-Verdi ingabonakala njengokukhuphuka kokudala. Ngemuva kwe-Opera Nabucco, umqambi wabhala amanye ama-opera amaningi, futhi ahlangana kahle nombukeli - "AmaLombards eCrusade" kanye ne- "Ernani". Kamuva, isitatimende esithi "Lombard" sabekwa eParis, noma kunjalo, ngoba le verdi kwadingeka senze izinguquko ekukhetheni okuqala. Okokuqala, wangena esikhundleni samaqhawe ase-Italy ngesiFulentshi, kanti okwesibili - u-Opera waqamba kabusha ngokuthi "iJerusalema".
Kepha omunye wemisebenzi edume kakhulu yeVerda waba yi-Opera Rigoletto. Ubhalwe ngokusekelwe ekudlaleni kwe-Hugo "inkosi ehlekisayo." Umqambi ngokwakhe wawuthatha lo msebenzi ngendalo yakhe enhle. Isibukeli saseRussia sijwayelene neRigoletto engomeni ethi "Izinhliziyo Zobuhle zithambekele ekuvukeleni umbuso." I-Opera isetha izinkulungwane zezikhathi ezinkundleni zemidlalo ehlukene zomhlaba. I-Aria ye-Hero eyinhloko, i-Jester Rigoletto, yenze uDmitry Hvorostovsky, Placido Domingo, Muslim Magomayev.
Ngemuva kweminyaka emibili, uVerdi ubhala "uTraviata" emsebenzini we- "Lady noCamellia" Alexander Duma Jr.
Ngo-1871, uGiuseppe Verdi uthola umyalo ovela kumbusi waseGibhithe. Ucelwa ukuba abhale i-Opera ye-Cairo Opera House. Induna ye-Opera "AIDA" yenzeka ngoDisemba 24, 1871 futhi yahlelwa isikhathi sokuvulwa kwe-Suez Canal. I-Aria Opera edume kakhulu - "I-Triumhal Marsh".
Umqambi wabhala ama-26 opera kanye nesicelo. Ngaleyo minyaka, izinkundla zemidlalo ye-Opera zaya kuzo zonke izingqimba zomphakathi, zombili zabantu basekhaya nabampofu. Ngakho-ke, amaNtaliyalase Giuseppe Verdi acubungule ngokufanelekile umqambi we "Folk" wase-Italy. Wadala umculo onjalo lapho abantu base-Italy abalula bezwa khona okuhlangenwe nakho namathemba abo. Emisebenzini yeVerdi, abantu bezwa ucingo lokulwa nokungabi nabulungisa.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngembangi yakhe eyinhloko kaRichard Wagner uGiuseppe Verdi yazalwa ngonyaka owodwa. Ubuqambi babaqambi abadideki kahle, kepha yilabo ababhekwa njengabaguquki bezobuciko be-Opera. Vele, abaqambi bezwakala ngomunye nomunye, kepha abakaze bahlangane. Kodwa-ke, emisebenzini yabo yomculo, babezama ukuhlukana.
Mayelana nokuphila nomsebenzi kaGiuseppe Verdi kwalotshwa izincwadi futhi kwaze kwavela amafilimu. I-filmmaker edume kakhulu yi-mini-chungechunge uRenato Castello "Life Giuseppe Verdi", eyaya ezikrinini ngo-1982.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngo-1836, uGiuseppe Verdi washada nendodakazi yakhe yabazuzi uMargarita Bareti. Ngokushesha intombazane yabeletha indodakazi kaVirginia Maria uLouise, kodwa engxenyeni yentombazane eneminyaka enonyaka iyafa. Ngawo lowo nyaka, inyanga edlule, uMargarita wabeletha indodana u-Icylio Romano, ophinde afenani ebuntwaneni. Ngemuva konyaka, kwafa uMargarita kusuka e-emeephalitis.
Ngo-26, uVerdi wahlala wedwa: wasala nezingane nalowo oshade naye. Ususa indawo yokuhlala eduzane nesonto laseSanta Sabina, kunzima ukusinda kulokhu kulahleka. Ngesinye isikhathi, unquma ngisho nokuyeka ukubhala umculo.
Eminyakeni engama-35, uGiuseppe Verdie wathandana. Isithandwa sakhe kwakuyi-Italian Opera Singer Juseppin Streptoni. Iminyaka eyi-10, babehlala emshadweni obizwa ngokuthi "umshado" wezempi, okwadala izinzwa ezingezinhle kakhulu emphakathini. Lo mbhangqwana washada ngo-1859 eGeneva. Futhi ngezilimi ezimbi, abashadikazi bancamela ukucasha kude nedolobha - eVilla Sant Agata. By the way, iphrojekthi yendlu yadalwa nguVerdi uqobo, wayengafuni ukusebenzisa usizo lwabakhi bezakhiwo.
Indlu imfishane. Kepha ingadi ezungeze i-villa yayinokunethezeka ngokweqiniso: yonke indawo izimbali nezihlahla ezixakile. Iqiniso ngukuthi isikhathi samahhala seVerdi esithanda ukunikela ekulimazeni ingadi. Ngale ndlela, kulengadi, umqambi angcwabe inja yakhe ayithandayo, esuka ethuneni lakhe elibhaliwe: "Isikhumbuzo somngane wami."
UJuseppin waba ngumqambi wemnyuziyamu oyinhloko nokusekelwa empilweni. Ngo-1845, umculi uyanyamalala izwi, futhi unquma ukuqeda umsebenzi we-opera. Ngemuva kweStreptoni, kwanquma ukwenza noVerdi, ngaleso sikhathi umqambi usevele ecebile futhi edumile. Kepha oshade naye emncelisa umyeni wakhe ukuthi aqhubeke nomsebenzi wakhe womculo, futhi ngemuva nje kokuthi "ukunakekela" kwakhe ubuciko obungcweti be-Opera Art wadalwa - I-Rigoletto. I-JusePpin kuze kube sekufeni kwakhe ngo-1897 isekele futhi iphefumulelwe Verdi.
Ukushona
NgoJanuwari 21, 1901, uGiuseppe Verdi ubeseMilan. Ehhotela lakhe, waba nesifo sohlangothi, umqambi wakhubazeka, kepha waqhubeka nokufunda ama-opera we-tosca opera kanye ne- "Bohemia" Pucchini, i- "Peak Lady" Tchaikovsky, kepha umbono wayo ngale misebenzi ahlala engekho. Zonke izinsuku amabutho ashiya umqambi omkhulu, kwathi ngoJanuwari 27, 1901 akazange.
Ungcwabe umqambi omkhulu emathuneni amakhulu eMilan. Kepha ngemuva kwenyanga, isidumbu sakhe savuswa endaweni yekhaya lamaholide labahola impesheni - abaculi, ngasikhathi sinye bedala umqambi uqobo.
Ukusebenza
- Ngo-1839 - "WOB, Count di San Bonifacio"
- 1940 - "Inkosi ihora"
- Ngo-1845 - "zhanna d'ARK"
- Ngo-1846 - "Attila"
- Ngo-1847 - Macbeth
- Ngo-1851 - I-Rigoletto
- Ngo-1853 - "I-Trubadur"
- Ngo-1853 - "Traviata"
- Ngo-1859 - "Masquerade Ball"
- 1861 - "Amandla Okukusasa"
- Ngo-1867 - "Don Carlos"
- Ngo-1870 - "AIDA"
- Ngo-1874 - Requiem
- Ngo-1886 - "Othello"
- Ngo-1893 - Falstaff