I-Biograge
Ubuqambi bomculi waseRussia i-Ilya Repin - endaweni ekhethekile ezweni lakubo nakwamanye amazwe. Umsebenzi we-painter uyisimo esikhanyayo esikweni sezwe, ngoba uMdali we-Point "Burlaki eVolga" cishe eyokuqala ezwa indlela yenguquko, abikezela umuzwa womphakathi.
Umlando, inkolo, ukungabi nabulungisa kwezenhlalo, ubuhle bomuntu nemvelo - Ukuphinda kuhlanganiswe zonke izihloko bese kusebenza isipho sobuciko ngokugcwele. Ukuthela izithelo zomdwebi kuyamangaza: U-Ilya Efimovich wethule umhlaba wamakhulu ezindwangu ezilotshwe ohlotsheni lweqiniso. Angiyekanga ngisho nasekugugeni okujulile, ngaphambi kokufa kwami, lapho izandla zingalalelanga inkosi.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Umdlalo weqiniso laseRussia wazalwa ehlobo lika-1844 esifundazweni saseKharkiv. Ubuntwana nentsha badlula edolobheni laseMalorussian bukaChuguev, lapho kwakukhona i-dessack vasily repin, umkhulu wabaculi, phambilini bahlala. UVasily Efimovich wagcina izihambi futhi wahweba.
Ubaba u-Ilya uyaphindisela - umphezulu wezingane, othengise amahhashi, aqhube imihlambi yakhe ngama-300 avela emidlalweni (esifundeni saseRostov). Isosha elibuyisayo u-Efim Vasilyevich Repin wabamba iqhaza emikhankasweni emithathu yamasosha futhi wahlala eSlobozhenchin kuze kube usuku lokugcina.
Kamuva, izisusa zase-Ukraine emsebenzini we-Ilya Repin zathatha indawo ebalulekile, ukuxhumana nendawo encane, umdwebi akazange aphenduke.
Ithonya endodaneni lanikezwa nguMama, owesifazane ofundile kanye nokuhamba kukaTatyana Bocharov. Ezinganeni abampofu, owesifazane wahlela isikole lapho kwakufundiswa khona ukuhlanza ne-arithmetic. Izingane uTatyana Stepanovna zizwakala zizwakala ziningi zifunda izinkondlo zika-Alexander pushkin noMikhail Lermontov, kwathi lapho umndeni udinga imali, amajazi woboya bathunga ngoboya obuthukuthele.
Umculi ose-Ileja omncane wavula uMalume Trofim, waletha upende wamanzi we-watercolor endlini. Umfana wabona ikhabe elimnyama nelimhlophe ku-alfabhethi ngaphansi kwebhulashi ezincwadini, futhi wanyamalala ngokuphumula. U-Ilya akazange aveze kude nokudweba ukuze athande.
Ngo-11, u-Ilya Repin wanikezwa isikole esiphakeme - lo msebenzi wawubhekwa njengodumo. Kepha uma isikhungo semfundo sesichithe ngemuva kweminyaka engu-2, umdwebi osemncane wathola umfundi emhlanganweni wokusebenzela opende wesithonjana. Lapha repin wafundisa izisekelo zokupenda, futhi ngokushesha osonkontileka abavela ezifundweni balala ngemiyalo yokusebenzela, becela ukuthumela kubo u-Ilya.
Ngo-16, i-biography ye-Criveive yoMarter Young yaqhubeka nomdwebi wesithonjana, lapho ukuphinda kwahlelwa khona i-Ilya repin ku-25 kingks ngenyanga.
Ehlobo, abadlali be-allyerers bahamba, bafuna ama-oda ngaphandle kwesifundazwe. EVoronezh, u-Repin watshelwa ngo-Ivan Kramsky, umdwebi ovela e-Ostrogozhsk, owashiya izwe lakubo ukuze afunde eSt. Petersburg Academy of Arts. Ekwindla, e-Ilya eneminyaka engu-19 ubudala, waphefumulelwa isibonelo seKramsky, waya enhlokodolobha yasenyakatho.
Ukupenda
Umsebenzi wentsha esuka eChugueva wafika kuNobhala Wenkomfa we-Academy. Yena, ebezizwelele, wenqaba u-Ilya, egxeka ukungakwazi ukudweba izithunzi nemivimbo. U-Ilya Repin akazange anciphise izingalo zakhe futhi ahlala eSt. Esuse egumbini elisegumbini elisegumbini elithile, umfana wazinza esikoleni sokudweba, egumbini lakusihlwa. Ngokushesha uMfundisi wamncoma njengomfundi onekhono kakhulu.
Ngonyaka olandelayo, u-Ilya Repin wangena e-Academy. Ukwenza imali yokufunda kwabafundi kwavunyeleko evunyelwe iPetersburg Post-Director kanye nomsizi Fyodor Sanki. Eminyakeni engu-8 e-Academy kwaletha okuhlangenwe nakho okubalulekile nokujwayelana nesikhathi esinamakhono - uMark ANCTIC ANTOTETESTIES - UMark, Polenovyov nabagxeki, uVladimir Stasov, lapho impilo iboshelwe khona amashumishumi eminyaka. Umdwebi we-Ivan Kramsky waseChugueva wabiza uthisha.
Omunye wabafundi abanethalente be-Art Academy Ilya Repin bathola indondo yenkomfa "yokuvuswa kwendodakazi ka-Iiir". Isakhiwo esebhayibhelini asikwazanga ukubona eCanvas, khona-ke u-Ilya wakhumbula osemusha oshonile kadadewabo, waveza ukuthi abantu bavusiwe yini ezihlotsheni, uma intombazane yavuswa. Lesi sithombe saphila emcabangweni futhi saletha inkazimulo yokuqala.
Ngo-1868, umfundi, aphonsa ama-etude emabhange eNeva, wabona uBurlakov. U-Ilya washaya kwalasha phakathi komphakathi ongenamsebenzi namandla anzima. Repin udwebe uzungu, kodwa umsebenzi ohlehliselweyo: Kube nezinga lokuthweswa iziqu phambili. Ehlobo lika-1870, umdwebi waba nethuba lokuvakashela iVolga nasekominikulo lokugcina umsebenzi weBurlakov. Ogwini lwase-Ilya repini kuhlangane nezisulu zikaBurlaka, azibonisa kwabathathu bokuqala enekhanda lakhe, afakwe ngendwangu.
Umdwebo "Burlaci kuVolga" wenza umuzwa eRussia naseYurophu. Ngamunye wabasebenzi abadonswayo uphethe izici zobuntu, umlingiswa, usizi olunolwazi. Umgxeki wezobuciko baseJalimane uNorbert Wolf waqhuba ukufana phakathi kwesithombe se-repin kanye ne-dante yalahlwa amahlaya aphezulu.
USlava ngomdwebi onethalente kusuka eSt. Petersburg eMoscow. U-petshenate nosomabhizinisi u-Alexander Polokhovshchikov (okhokho bomlingisi waseRussia odumile) bayalele isithombe se-Ilya ukuthola indawo yokudlela "Slavic Bazaar". Umdwebi wenziwa ngebhizinisi nasehlobo ehlobo lika-1872 wethula umsebenzi ophelile owathola udumo nezincomo.
Entwasahlobo yonyaka olandelayo, u-Ilya Repin wahamba waya eYurophu, wavakashela e-Austria, e-Italy naseFrance. EParis, wahlangana noFendery Officed, umsebenzi ka-Eduard Mana uphefumulelwe ukudala i-cafe eParisian cafe. Kepha isiko le-Alien kanye nendlela yemfashini eFrance Gevertveriam ecasulwe eRussia Rearist. Ukudweba isithombe ngokuthi "Sadoko", lapho iqhawe lihlala embusweni womunye umuntu ngaphansi kwamanzi, kubonakale sengathi kucatshangelwe.
Maphakathi no-1870s, isihloko sezemfundo sanikezwa umdwebi womsebenzi weSadko, kodwa abanye abagxeki abagcini ngokuphindwayo kokubuyiselwa emuva, bakhombe umehluko wokuhlukanisa phakathi kweVolzhsky Burglasses kanye nendoda "ye-aquarium".
Ukubuya eYurophu kuya e-Europe, u-Ilya Resing izinyanga eziyi-11 wayehlala endabeni ye-Chuguev. EMoscow, wathuthela ngasekupheleni kwawo-1877 futhi, lapho ejoyine umakhalekhukhwini, wabhala "uTsarevna Sophia". Ngokubhalwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, i-repin yazinza eduze kwesigodlo saseNovodevichy futhi yasebenza phezu koMdala Wobusuku, ifunda imilando, ukuvakashela ama-shorpical workshop kanye neminyuziyamu. I-canvas yalinganiselwa ngokuqinile, ukuncoma okunemibandela kuvezwe kuphela iKramskaya kuphela.
Iminyaka emithathu, u-Ilya Repin wasebenza kwiWeb yaseKursk esifundazweni. Igama lokuqala lesithombe "Isithonjana Esiyisimangaliso." Njengokuqala komdwebi oqoqwe eCherniGov, eKiev naseKursk, kudluliswa amanqamu ukuqeda phambili.
I-Repin yethula isithombe ngo-1883 futhi yaphinde yezwa ukuhlolwa okumangazayo. Abanye babona ekucindezelweni kwesithombe, amandla namandla, okunye ukuvezwa kuphela kwemibono ka-Ifimovich yempilo. Kamuva, umdwebi ubuye waphinde wabheka iziza ezisebhayibhelini, enikela ngomhlaba i-canvas ekhazimulayo ngokuthi "iKalvari", "isilingo sikaKristu" kanye "nesidlo sakusihlwa sokugcina".
Ngo-1885, inkosi yaletha abalandeli ubuciko obusha - i-canvas "u-Ivan Grozny nendodana yakhe u-Ivan ngoNovemba 16, 1581." Isakhiwo semidwebo eyenziwe ngu-Repina siphefumulele umculo kaNikolai Rimsky-Korsakov.
Indwangu yaboniswa embukisweni wama-movie, kepha ukutolika kwesakhiwo akuzange ngithande u-Alexander III. Inkosi ayiyalele ukuba ingatholakali embukisweni, kepha inqwaba yabantu abadumile bakhuluma ukuvikela ukudalwa kwe-repin. Umbusi wasusa ukuvinjelwa.
Umdwebo "wawungalindele ukuthi" inkosi yavezwa ngo-1888, futhi ngokushesha wabona ubuciko obuseduze. Ku-canvas ilya repin idlulise kahle imidwebo yezengqondo yezinhlamvu. Ingaphakathi le-canvas kwakuyigumbi le-dacha eMartySinoni ngaseSt. Petersburg. Ubuso beqhawe eliyinhloko le-repin bushintshe kaninginingi, noma ngabe isithombe sehlela ekuchazeni kwegalari kaPavel TretyTakov. U-Ilya uphinde wabuyisela indlela yakhe eya ehholo wabhala phansi ubuso besimenywa esingalindele waze wafinyelela inkulumo efiselekayo.
Ehlobo lika-1880, umdwebi waya eMalorossia, ethatha naye uValentina Serov. E-Creative Bay, wapenda yonke into: izindlu, abantu, izingubo, izitsha ezenziwe ekhaya. URepin wayesondele kakhulu kubantu abajabule bendawo.
Umphumela wohambo lwensimbi ye-canvas "Cossacks Bhala incwadi eya eTurkey Sultan" ne "Hosak. Dance of Zaporizhhhhya Cossacks. " Umsebenzi wokuqala uvele ngo-1891, owesibili - ngo-1927. Umsebenzi we-duel ilysa repin wabhala ngo-1896. Uthole i-TreTTakov, ebeka isithombe egalari yeMoscow, lapho igcinwa khona ezinsukwini zethu.
Indawo ekhethekile efeni lomculi ihlala ama-oda ebukhosini. Esokuqala safika u-Ilya abuye abuyise maphakathi nawo-1880 avela ku-Alexander III. Inkosi ifisa ukubona ukwamukelwa kwabadala bechobokazi ku-canvas. Ngemuva kwe-oda lokuqala eliphumelele, kwafika okwesibili. Umdwebo "umhlangano oqinile woMkhandlu Wezwe ngoMeyi 7, 1901" wadonswa ngo-1903. Kusuka kumidwebo "wasebukhosini", "kuveza imidwebo yeNicholas II" kudumile.
Lapho kushona ilanga, i-Master isebenze kuFinnish Kuokkale, efeni elithi " Ozakwabo abavela eSoviet Union beza eFinra baseFinra baseFinra, bancenga ukuba bathuthele eRussia. Kepha repin, owazala izwe lakubo akakaze abuye.
Eminyakeni embalwa ngaphambi kokushona kwe-repin, isandla sokunene senzeka, kepha u-Ilya ufimovich akazange acabange ukuthi angaphila kanjani ngaphandle komsebenzi. Wabhala kwesokunxele, iminwe umnikazi wayiyeka ngokushesha ukulalela. Kepha ukugula akubanga yisithiyo, futhi ukuphinda kubuye kuqhubeke ukusebenza.
Ngo-1918, i-Ilya Repin yabhala i-canvas "bolsheviks", icebo lalibizwa ngokuthi yi-anti-Soviet. Okwesikhashana, kwagcinwe kusuka kumqoqi waseMelika, khona-ke "amaBolsheviks" awela eGalina Vishnevskaya naseMstislav Rostropovich. Ngama-2000s, abanikazi babeka iqoqo endalini yeLondon "Sotheby's".
Ukuvimbela ukuqoqwa kwamaqoqo, usomabhizinisi waseRussia u-Alorisher Usmonov uthenge bonke ama-canvases angama-22, kufaka phakathi amaBolshevik. Ukuchazwa kusethwe edolobheni kwiNeva.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Umdwebi washada kabili. Umuntu oshade naye wokuqala uVera wabeletha umyeni wakhe wezingane ezine - amadodakazi amathathu nendodana yakhe. Ngo-1887, ngemuva kweminyaka engu-15 emshadweni, kwalandelwa ukwahlukana okubuhlungu. Izingane ezindala zahlala noyise, omncane - nonina.
U-Ilya Repin wathumba izihlobo ezithombeni. Ukupenda "ukuphumula" kubonise umlingani osemusha, indodakazi endala yokholo yanikezela isithombe se- "Dragonfly", i-NAD encane kunazo zonke - i-canvas "elangeni".
Unkosikazi wesibili umbhali nomthwebuli wezithombe uNatalia Nordman - ngenxa yokushada ne-repin ephuke nomndeni wakhe. Kwakungu "penate" lakhe, umdwebi wahamba ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1900s.
UNordman wabulawa yisifo sofuba ehlobo lika-1914. Ngemuva kokushona kwakhe, ukuphathwa kwefa kudlula ezandleni zendodakazi yokholo, owashiya esigabeni semidlalo yaseshashalazini yase-Alexandrsky.
Ukushona
Ngo-1927, u-Ilya repin wakhalaza kubangani ukuthi amabutho amshiya, uba "ubuvila obumisiwe." Ezinyangeni zokugcina ngaphambi kokuba ukufa eduze kukababa kwakuyingane, ngokuhlukile emsebenzini embhedeni.
Umdwebi owayegubha iminyaka engama-86 wayengekho ngoSepthemba 1930. Wangcwatshwa efeni elithi "upende". E-Russia nasemazweni e-CIS, kuneminyuziyamu yomculi engu-4, eyaziwa kakhulu - eKuokkale, lapho achitha khona amashumi amathathu edlule.
Ukusebenza
- 1871 - "Ukuvuswa Kwendodakazi Ka-IIIR"
- Ngo-1873 - "Burlaki kuVolga"
- Ngo-1877 - "Umuntu oneso elibi"
- I-1880-1883 - "Ukudonswa kwesiFundazweni saseKurk"
- 1880-1891 - "Cossacks Bhala incwadi eya eTurkey Sultan"
- 1881 - "Imidwebo yoMhloli we-M.P.morusorgsky"
- Ngo-1884 - "Akalindi"
- Ngo-1884 - "Dragonfly"
- Ngo-1885 - "U-Ivan okubi nendodana ka-Ivan yakhe ngoNovemba 16, 1581"
- 1896 - "Duel"
- Ngo-1896 - "Imidwebo kaMbusi uNicholas II"
- 1903 - "Isidlo sakusihlwa sokugcina"
- Ngo-1909 - "Ukuzenzela kukaGeorge"
- 1918 - "AmaBolsheviks"
- 1927 - "Hosak. Dance of Zaporizzhhhya Cossacks "