I-Biograge
Ubunikazi be-marquis de Garda ezweni lanamuhla buhlotshaniswa nenombolo efanayo yezinganekwane kanye ne-fudge, hhayi igrafu engathandeki futhi emangalisayo ye-Dracula. Uzalelwe emndenini ocebile wobuntu, le nsizwa yasekela izinguquko futhi yaze yashiya iziqu ezinhle.
Uma manje igama le-de Garden lihlotshaniswa kuphela nezinhlobo zokuya ocansini, bese kuba yikhulu le-XVIII, izincwadi zakhe zagxekwa kuphela ngenxa yokuziphatha nokuziphatha, kepha hhayi maqondana nezinketho zemidlalo enzima yokulala.
Ngako yonke impilo yakhe, amaFulentshi e-eccentric akhuthaza inkululeko yomuntu siqu yesifiso ngasinye nesifiso esingenakuphela sokujabula naphezu kwakho konke, ekwanelisweni kwazo zonke izidingo zakhe. Isakhiwo sefilosofi, kanye ne-marquis de Garden, kwakuyifilososofi, eyayiphika yonke imithetho yokuziphatha nokuziphatha okuvikelekile, ngombono wakhe, ukujabulisa.
Ngesandla sokukhanya sodokotela wezengqondo wase-Austrian we-Richard Background Kraft, ofunde imisebenzi kaMarquis, igama lakhe lokugcina lalinikeza igama igama elithi "sasizi. Ekuqaleni, igama elithi satism labizwa ngokuthi ukwaneliseka ngokobulili ngokwenza ukuhlupheka ngokomzimba noma kokuziphatha kumlingani. Kamuva, leli gama lalisetshenziswa kabanzi futhi laqala ukuqoka isifiso sokulimaza ngamabomu elinye i-Living.
Ubuntwana nentsha
UDonasien Alfonso Francois de Garden wazalelwa eParis ngoJuni 2, 1740. Umndeni wakhe ungowomhlambi wasendulo nodumile we-aristocal. UPradady Donasien wayegqoka isihloko esifundazweni, esifakazelwe ukuba yizimpi zabo zasebukhosini, futhi umkhulu waqala wamukelwa ngesihloko se-marquis. Ubaba womfana ukhethe ukusayina njengengadi yegrafu de.
Ngendlela, uLaura de New, onikele inkondlo yakhe yePetrarca kwimvelo ekhazimulayo yezingadi. Isihloko sobukhosi emndenini uDe Garde saqhamuka kuYise siye kuYise, kepha imilando ayizange iphile amadokhumenti aqinisekisa izisekelo zomthetho zeDonasien de Garda ukusebenzisa isihloko se-marquis, hhayi igrafu.
Unina kaDonasien wakhonza iFreillan ePrincess de Konde futhi wayithanda ithemba lokuthi indodana yakhe uDonasien yayizokwenza ubungani nenkosana encane de konde, esikhathini esizayo ezozuzisa umndeni. Kepha akumiselwe ukuba ifebe ngalezi zinkomba. Lesi sikhulu asibangeli zwango kusukela ku-Little de Garda, nangemva kokulwa kwezingane uDonashen nake kugcizelele i-Princess de Konde athunyelwa ezihlotsheni edolobhaneni.
Umfana wawuneminyaka emihlanu kuphela lapho ethuthukela ukuyohlala noma umalume wakhe abbot. Impilo ebhokisini elikhulu lobukhazikhazi lezinqaba ezinamakhaza abeka ukufakwa kwakhe kwengqondo kanye nokubukwa komhlaba komfana. Umsebenzi owuthandayo weDonasiren kwakuwukufihla egumbini elingaphansi elikhulu lesigodlo bese sihlala lapho sodwa.
Kuze kube yiminyaka eyishumi, umfana wathola imfundo yasekhaya, kwathi ngo-1750 wabuyela eParis, lapho angena khona amaJesuit Corps. Sonke isikhathi sokufunda, le nsizwa ibisengaphila lapho abazali behlukana khona, ngoba abazali bakhe bahlukanisa, nangemva kwesehlukaniso saya esifundazweni ngemuva kwesehlukaniso. Ngemuva kokuphothula izindlu zamaJesuits, uDonasien wanquma ukwakha umsebenzi wezempi. Ngo-15, umfana usevele wathola isihloko se -lieutenant encane. Ngokwesibindi, kuboniswe ezimpini zempi yeminyaka eyisikhombisa yeminyaka eyisikhombisa, le nsizwa yathola isikhundla sikakaputeni, okwathi ngemuva kwalokho yashiya emuva eminyakeni engama-23.
Ifilosofi nezincwadi
Ukuxoshwa ngokuphoqelelwa e-Italy ngo-1774, iMarquis de Garden GetIng Studysm futhi wabhala le midlalo. Sekukonke, iPeru Marquis de Garda ingumnikazi ka-14 amanoveli, imisebenzi emi-6 yomlando, imibhalo yayo elahlekile, 2 esezi, imidlalo engu-18 kanye namapheshana angu-9 ezepolitiki. Ngokukhumbula ifilosofi e-eccentric kanye nomlobi, amafilimu ayi-9 ahlungwa kanti kwalotshwa imisebenzi engu-12 yabanye ababhali.
Ezincwadini zakhe, ingadi yaseDonasien de Garden ayizange ichaze kangako ama-orgies ngocansi ngezinto zodlame njengoba sicabangele izinkinga ezithile zefilosofi. Ngakho-ke iMarquis yacubungula ukwahlukaniswa okungabizi kakhulu komphakathi ezingxenyeni eziningana. Ngokusho kukaDonasien, kunezigaba ezimbili kuphela phakathi kwabantu - izigqila nabanikazi.
Isazi sefilosofi sokuqala saveza ukukhathazeka okukhulu mayelana nokugcwala komhlaba futhi kwahlongoza izimpi ezinkulu njengesinqumo sokuntuleka kwezinsiza zemvelo. Kepha i-leitmotif yayo yonke imisebenzi kanye nendlela yokuphila yaseMarquis de Garda kwakuwukuphikwa ngokuphelele kwezindlela zokuziphatha, isimilo nenkolo. Umuntu, ngombono wakhe, abe ngokwakhe, avele akhulule kwimfundiso yokuziphatha. Futhi le ukuphela kwendlela yenjabulo nenjabulo engenamkhawulo.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ukubuyela enhlokodolobha, kusho abe yisikhulu esingokomfanekiso nabasebuthweni lezempi kanye nendodakazi encane kaMongameli weChance tax Chamber. Kodwa-ke, uBaba wayengafuni ukunika intombazane eyayikaDonasien, kwathi esikhundleni salokho waphakamisa ukuthi ashade naye ophambili wokuvuselela avuselelayo de dentray. Umshado wabusisa inkosi uqobo nendlovukazi, yenzeka ngoMeyi 1763.
Kodwa-ke, impilo yomndeni kaDonasien yayingakulungele. Waphila impilo yezepolitiki, waphuza futhi akazange anqikaze ukuya endlini yomphakathi, owake wabekwa ngaphansi kokuboshwa, kwathi ngemuva kokuba ethunyelwe evela eParis esifundazweni. Kepha ngonyaka olandelayo, engadini evumeleni inkosi ibuyele emuva enhlokodolobha.
Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu, ubaba kaDonasien washona, ngenxa yokuthi yimuphi ama-Marquis de Garden sathola ifa, umhlaba kanye nesihloko sombusi weNkosi ezifundazweni eziningana. Futhi entwasahlobo eParis, umlingani osemthethweni uDe Garda wabeletha indodana, uLouiis-Marie wabiza ngayo. Kodwa-ke, nangonyaka noma ukuzalwa kwamazibulo noma isikhundla esifanele nesimo asikwazanga ukuguqula uphenyo olunsundu lweDonasien.
Ngo-Okthoba 1767, amahemuhemu aqhekeka eParis ukuthi uMarquis uSary wanikeza umculi osemusha ukuba alale naye ngemali futhi aphakamise inkosikazi esemthethweni. Intombazane yaphendula ngokwenqaba. Futhi ngonyaka olandelayo, uMarquis wayesejele futhi: Manje wayesolwa ngokudlwengula intombazane egama linguRosa Keller. Ekuphetheni, ukuzuza kwakungenaso isikhathi esiningi, kungekudala, ngesimemezelo somuntu, uLouis wadedelwa ngemuva kokukhokhwa kwenhlawulo.
Emzamweni wokuncika esokeni, iMarquis de Garden isabhalisele empini, lapho abuya khona ngonyaka osuvele esesikhungweni sikaColoneli. Indawo yokuhlala uDonasien wakhetha ifa elijwayelekile. Kungekudala ngemuva kokubuyela empilweni yezwe laseDe Garden wathumela izimemo kuNdunankulu womdlalo wakhe wokudlala, owenzeka efeni likaMarquis.
Futhi emva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, "icala leMarseille" lalimi yonke iFrance, ngokusho kwezinto zokwakha i-donasien de engadini yakhe ekhashelwe yi-desaulichery enamantombazane amane, njengoba esekwephule i-maiden powder kusuka ku-SCPS 'endiza. EFrance, lezo zinambuzane ezenziwe ngesisekelo salesi sinambuzane zavinjelwa, ngoba odokotela bakumisele kuphela umphumela othokozisayo othokozisayo wezinto, kodwa futhi nomonakalo omkhulu onobuthi ophahleni lwesisu kanye nohlelo lwezinzwa oluningi.
Ukuphamba amantombazane aze afike e-Aphrodisiac, ingadi yaseMarquis de ngenceku ayibakhothamela ukuya ocansini, kubandakanya no-Oral and Anal. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, wonke amantombazane ahlanganyele e-Orgies aphenduka kuqala kodokotela ngokuwohloka okukhulu kwenhlala-kahle, bese kuba enkantolo ngezitatimende kuDe Garda. Ehlane le-marquise, benza ukusesha, kepha abatholanga lutho olungekho emthethweni, nengadi yakhe uqobo, besaba isijeziso, banyamalala nge-lacquer.
Inkantolo yanquma ukuqaphela amadoda enecala, futhi njengesijeziso sokugwetshwa kwesigwebo sentambo. UDonasien nenceku yakhe balindele inqubo yokuphenduka komphakathi esigcawini esikhulu seParis, bese kuthi i-de gard kwadingeka inqume ikhanda, ilenga ngokulangazelela. NgoSeptemba 12, 1772, uMarquis nezinceku ezigcwele eParis, kodwa izijeziso ezinecala zaphunyuka.
Njengoba kwaziwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iDonasien de Garden, ibalekela amaphoyisa alandelwa, aya e-Italy, ethatha udadewabo kankosikazi wayo, lapho ayefuna ukuzishada naye. Kakade e-Italy, imizamo kamamezala kaMarquis yaphinde yambopha, kodwa entwasahlobo ye-1773 de Garden yabalekela inqaba hhayi ngaphandle kosizo lweGame de Garden.
UDonasien wabuyela efeni elijwayelekile esifundazweni saseFrance, lapho ahlala khona ngonyaka wokugcina, ngokwesaba ukuba esitokisini. Umlingani osemthethweni, esehlala naye izinyanga eziningana, uTaika wabaleka. Kanye ne-de Garden, akwazi ukubhekana nokuthambekela kwakhe, kwanquma ukuthwala amantombazane amathathu amancane avela edolobhaneni eliseduze. Wabamba amantombazane ngokungemthetho enqabeni yakhe futhi wadlwengula. Kulokhu, engxenyeni yesibili ka-1774, uDonasien wabaleka futhi e-Italy, ngaphandle kokulinda ukuboshwa.
Ngemuva kweminyaka emibili, indoda ehlahlayo yabuyela efeni lakhe, lapho ayehlala khona, ezungeza ngamantombazane amancane. Amantombazane amaningi abaleka, ahlelwe kahle ukusebenza, kepha munye ubambezelekile. I-Katerina Trill, eyabiza iMarquis ebizwa ngokuthi ngu-Justine, kamuva yaba yi-heroine yezincwadi eziningana de Garda. Ubaba wentombazane, ukuqonda lokho indodakazi yakhe abambisene naye ekonzweni umnikazi wesiboshwa, kwazama ukungena kule nqaba kwazama ukudubula i-marquis, kepha kuphuthelwe.
Ebusika ka-1777, sebefunde izindaba ngokufa kukamama, uDonasien waya eParis, lapho aboshwa khona futhi waboshwa. Kungekudala uGarde u-Garde washeshe wakwazi ukuphunyula, kepha umkhwekazi wanika indawo yakhe yamaphoyisa. Kusukela esiphethweni sikaDonasien kwabhalela umkakhe incwadi, lapho akhononda khona ngesihluku abavela konogada. Ngemuva kwalokho i-marquis yaqala ukubhala izincwadi. Madame de engadini ngemuva kwesiphetho sokugcina somyeni womyeni waba yinduna.
Ukushona
Ngo-1789, iMarquis yadluliselwa eBastilia, lapho abhala khona umbhalo wesandla wenoveli "izinsuku eziyi-120 zeSodoma". Ngaphambi nje kokuba kuthathelwe izinguquko ze-bastille de Garda kudluliselwe esibhedlela kugula ngokomqondo, lapho ahlala khona ngonyaka. Ekupheleni kokwelashwa kweMadame, iMadame de Garden yathola isehlukaniso, hessoling owayekade eseshade naye isabelo esikhulu sempahla nezimali, ngemuva kwalokho iMarquis yajoyina inguquko. Ngaphansi kwegama le-Louis Garden, ngaphandle kwezihloko, wayehlala e-Misters Consance Renel, eshicilele umbhalo wesandla futhi abeka imidlalo yombhali ezigcawini zemidlalo.
Ngo-1793, uDonasien waboshwa futhi, wagwetshwa okwesithathu okwesithathu kuyo yonke i-biography, kodwa izehlakalo zezepolitiki ezenzeka eFrance zasindiswa nguMarquis. Ngo-1801, i-Aristocrat empofu yangena ejele ngamanoveli ezichaziwe, futhi ngokushesha kwahunyushwa kusuka lapho esibhedlela sezengqondo, ngoba wakonakalisa iziboshwa ejele. NgoDisemba 2, 1814, isiGadi saseMarquis de Garden esineminyaka engama-74 safa ngenxa yokuhlaselwa kwesifuba somoya. Esizeni sokungcwatshwa kweDonasien de Garda, kusekhona izingxabano: ngohlobo olulodwa, kungcwatshwe emathuneni lobuKristu, ngakolunye uhlangothi - efeni lakhe.
I-Bibliography
- "Izinsuku eziyi-120 zeSodoma, noma isikole sokukhohlisa"
- "Ubuhle be-Justine, noma ngeshwa"
- "Alin no-Walkar, noma inoveli yefilosofi"
- "Umlando weJuliette, noma impumelelo yephiko"
- "Ifilosofi eBouare"
- "Amacala Othando, Amanoveli Anobuqhawe Namaqhawe"