I-Biograge
ILouis XIII yinkosi yaseFrance noNavarre ngoMeyi 14, 1610. Umlando weFrance wangena kwigama lesidlaliso elithi "Fair."
Ubuntu bakhe bukhulunywa kaningi phakhi, ikakhulukazi emisebenzini yababhali abaseFrance, ngokwesibonelo, u-Alexander Duma no-Alfred de Vinya. Kepha ngisho nabaseFrance uqobo bakholelwa ukuthi isithombe sikaLouis XIII kulezinoveli sihlanekezelwe kakhulu.
Ubuntwana nentsha
ULouis XIII wazalwa ngoSepthemba 27, 1601. Uyise uHeinrich IV wayeyinkosi yokuqala ebukhosini be-boudbon. Umama - UMaria Medici, odabuka eFlorence, endodakazini ye-Great Duke Tuscany Francesco I. Umshado kaHeinrich noMariya baphethwa kuphela ukuze balondoloze ithonya leFrance e-Italy.
UMaria Medici, ngaphezu kukaLouis, wabeletha amanye amadodana amahlanu, kodwa ngaphambi kokuba iningi lalihlala kuphela uLouis XIII nomfowabo uGaston Orleans.
U-Louis wobuntwana wayehlala enqabeni yeSanta-Germain-An-Lee, u-Albert de Luin wabandakanyeka ekukhulisweni kwakhe - ukuxinana kukaHeinrich IV. Wamfundisa ukuzingela, ukuqeqeshwa kwezinja, weqa ama-Falcons, adlala izinsimbi zomculo. Kakade eminyakeni emithathu, umfana udlale kancane. Umama wayengazizwa imizwa ekhethekile ngeNdodana yakhe, echaza lokhu ngeqiniso lokuthi inkosi yesikhathi esizayo kufanele ikhuliswe ku-Rigor nasesiyalweni.
ULouis wayenenkani kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngqo emshadweni ngo-Anna Austrian ithuluzi elikhulu lezeMfundo uMary Medici kwakuyisiswebhu, kanti uHenry IV uqobo lwakhe olungomusa.
Ngo-1610, uLouis waxoshwa endodeni kaDofina. Ngo-1615 wahlanganyela eMadame Ballet. Futhi ngo "Merleseson Ballet" odumile ngokwakhe waqamba kanye nomculo, kanye nemidanso, futhi wadala namasudi. Ubuye wavela nakuleli ballet ezindimeni ze-episodic zomlimi kanye nomthengisi. Umfana wayenenkumbulo enkulu, wayethanda ukulalela izinganekwane nezindaba zomlando, cabanga ngamamephu wendawo.
Lapho uLouis eneminyaka engu-8 ubudala, uyise weNkosi uHeinrich IV wabulawa, futhi abaphathi bathuthela eMary Medici nasezintandokazisweni zakhe zaseKonchino. Inkosi yaqashelwa njengomuntu osemdala ngo-1614, kodwa ngisho nangemva kwalokho amandla ahlala ezandleni zendlovukazi yendlovukazi.
Ngokushesha, uLouis ngeseluleko sikaLuin wanquma ukususa ukuphela endleleni yakhe. Intandokazi kamama yabulawa, iMedici ebikaze enqabeni kaBlois, noLouis baba yinkosi ephelele. Kepha uneminyaka engu-16 kuphela ubudala, ngenxa yemithetho, u-Albert De Line Line.
Ngendlela, uLouis wakhula ngengane ye-melarcholic nebuhlungu. Kwakunokwehluleka kwama-hormonal, kwaze kwaba neminyaka engama-23 ubudala azange likhule nxazonke ebusweni bakhe, ngakho-ke akazange asebenzise izimpahla isikhathi eside. Kepha lapho isilevu iqala ukuthuthuka, yafunda ukumnulisa, yasheshe yagagula bonke abaphathi bayo bonke abakhonzayo, ngenkathi enza konke ngendlela entsha. Kukholakala ukuthi nguyena owasungula intshebe ekhethekile "yobukhosi" nge-clina.
Indikimba Ebusayo
Ngesikhathi sokulashwa, uMariya Medici esigodlweni, kuvela uKhadinali Richelieu. Ngalesi sikhathi, iFrance iyancipha. Izwe lisongelwa ngamandla anamandla aseYurophu - ISpain nase-Austria. Egcekeni weave ukuhlunga kanye nokwakha amakhambi.
Inkosi encane yaseLouis Xiii noRichelieu abalutholi ulimi olujwayelekile, nangemva kokubulawa kokufa, isho uKhadinali eLuzon. Kuyiqiniso, uLouis ubona amakhono okuguqula amakhono e-orcelieu kaKhadinali, ngakho-ke ngemuva kokushona kuka-Alber de yunithi ubuyela egcekeni futhi ngokushesha uba yisikhonzi sokuqala.
Izinhloso eziphambili zeRichelieu ziwukuchitheka kwama-huguenots kanye nokwehliswa kwamandla wobukhosi. Umgomo wakhe uxhunyaniswe ngokungalingani nokulahlwa, ukuhlola, ukuqaqamba. Kepha uLouis akazange abe nezixazululo ngesihluku. Abameleli abaningi bakaFrance Aristocracy baqeda izimpilo zabo phezu kwesikali, nezicelo zabo zokuthethelelwa phambi kwenkosi zihlala zingaphendulwa.
Ngo-1628, iKing Louis XIII igunyaza umkhankaso wamasosha ngokumelene nokuphikiswa okudubule, okwakukhona enqabani yaseLa Rochelle. Ngo-1627, imikhumbi yesiNgisi yafika lapho. Ulibhekise lo mkhankaso wamasosha ngokwawo uKhadinali Richelieu.
Kuyiqiniso, izinqumo eziningi zikaNdunankulu King inkosi avale amehlo akhe, kweminye imibuzo, ayengafuni ukuqonda nhlobo. Kepha, eqinisweni, zonke izindaba zombuso ezenziwa nguRichelieu. ULouis unogada onjalo bekungewona ukunambitha. Ngesinye isikhathi, ukukhononda ngokhadinali ku-Marquis de Faint-Maru, wasikisela ukumbulala. Kepha uzungu lokumelana nomuntu onohlelo lakhe lobuhle aluzange luthweswe umqhele ngempumelelo. Ngenxa yalokho, uSanta-Mar wabulawa. Ngokushesha, uLouis wafunda ngokufa kukanina.
Le micimbi ebuhlungu yayicasulwa yinkosi, kepha asikho isikhathi sokuzidabukela. Impilo yakhe iyawohloka ngokushesha, kanye nesimo sezepolitiki sasekhaya ezweni, futhi inendaba eningi engaphelele. I-Richelieu ishiya ngoDisemba 4, 1642. Ngemuva kokushona kwakhe, uLouis okokuqala uthola ithuba lokuhlela bona.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Kusukela ngo-1612, uLouis usevele wahlanganyela no-Anna Austrian, indodakazi yenkosi yaseSpain. Unina kaMaria Medici wakunakekela lokhu, okwakufuna ukudilijwa ngeSpain. Kepha uLouis XIII ngokwakhe akazange atholakale kwabesifazane. Eminye imithombo, ngokwesibonelo, umsebenzi ka-Emil Mag uchazwa ngesimo sawo esihle mayelana nezinceku eziseduze nabantu.
Umshado no-Ana wenzeka ngoNovemba 1615. Abashadikazi babemncane, ngakho-ke ubusuku babo bomshado bokuqala buhlehlisiwe iminyaka emibili. U-Anna Austrian waphuthuma eParis ngethemba lomshado ojabulisayo nangempilo emnandi, kodwa washeshe wabona ukuthi umshado nenkosi wayephelelwe yisizungu nesizungu. ULouis wayengatholakali ngokuxhumana, ngaso sonke isikhathi kwakuyisisulu futhi sathandwa ngumculo wakhe kanye nokuzingela.
U-Albert de Lüin aqonda ukuthi iFrance idinga indlalifa, futhi ngokoqobo yabeka uLouis embhedeni womshado, kodwa okuhlangenwe nakho kwavela ukuthi akuphumelelanga, futhi inkosi encane ayizange iphumelele, futhi inkosi encane ayizange ilingane negumbi lokulala leNdlovukazi ukuze linye iminyaka emi-4. Ngemuva kwekhefu elinjalo, ubusuku obuhlanganisiwe basanikeza izithelo zalo. U-Ana wakhulelwa, kodwa ngeshwa, wayenokuphuphuma kwesisu. Lokhu kuphinde kwasusa uLouis kusuka kumlingani.
NgoMeyi 1625, iParis ifika nenqubomgomo ye-Duke Beckingham. Futhi u-Ana uthandana naye, kunzima kuye ukufihla imizwa yakhe, kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi indlela yokuziphatha kwakhe kuxoxwa ngayo emkhandlwini wobukhosi.
Ngo-1628, uBeckingham, kanye nomkhankaso wamasosha, wafika ngaphansi kweLa Rochele, lapho abulawa khona. U-Anna Austrian, efunde ngakho, wawudabuke kakhulu. Kepha inkosi ephambene nalokho. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kwalezi zindaba, wayala u-Ana ukuthi ahlanganyele emvelweni wenkantolo futhi wathola injabulo enkulu ngokuhlupheka kwakhe kwengqondo.
Ngalesi sikhathi, inkosi yaseLouis ivela intandokazi entsha - uFrancois de Barrada. Kwaphela izinyanga eziyisithupha, insizwa ebukekayo "iyakhula" ekaputeni yendawo yokuhlala amaBurbones. Kepha le nsizwa yathuthumela futhi yaqanjwa, ngakho-ke maduze nje uthandana nendlovukazi yeNdlovukazi, futhi inkosi iyachithwa.
Ochungechungeni lokubheja, abathandi nezintandokazi, abaningi bacabanga ukuthi inyunyana yenkosi nendlovukazi ngeke bahlale bengenazithelo, kodwa ngo-1638, u-Anna Austrian wazalwa indodana - uLouis XIV, ikusasa "iKing Sun". Ngo-1640, kwazalwa indodana yabo yesibili - uFiliphu i Orleans.
Ukushona
Ngo-Mashi 1643, iKing Louis XIII yaqala ukuhlazisa ukuvuvukala kwesisu. Wahlukunyezwa ngokuhlaselwa okungapheli kokuhlanza, ukushintshana nohudo. Ngokushesha waba buthaka kangangokuba akazange aphume ngaphandle.
INdlovukazi yayingakhiwa embhedeni womlingani wakhe. NgoMeyi 14, 1643, inkosi yafa. Ngonyaka nengxenye, wangcwatshwa ethuneni lasebukhosini laseSaint-Denis eduze kukanina.
Ukukhumbula
- I-1610 - isithombe esithi "Portrait of Louis XIII", France Junior purbus
- 1624 - Ukupenda "Ukuzalwa kukaLouis XIII", Peter Paul Rubens
- 1625 - ISITHOMBE "LOUIS XIII", Peter Paul Rubens
- 1639 - Ukupenda "umfanekiso omkhulu wangaphambili weKing Louis XIII, uPhilip de Champagne
- Ngo-1824 - Ukupenda "i-ven louis xiii", Jean Auguste Dominic Ert
- 1974 - Incwadi ethi "Izijabulisa Ezijabulisayo. ILouis Thilenth ", Tallemander de Circle
- Ngo-2001 - INcwadi Yonyaka waseFrance "I-Noble Vouilouse of Louis XIII", Shishkin V. V. V. V. V. V. V.
- 2002 - Book "Ukuphila Okuvamile ku-Epoch of Louis XIII", Emil Mag