I-Biograge
Isibalo esingokomlando saseFrance, umholi kanye nomsunguli wemvelo ezincwadini zaseFrance, esidume futhi sifundeke eRussia ngokushesha kunasezweni lakubo.
Ngo-Ephreli 2, 1840, emndenini wezakhamizi zaseFrance nomndeni wase-Italy, u-Emil Zola wavela. I ubaba womfana uFrancois eZola, ekubeni ngama-engineer, usayine inkontileka ukuze kwakhiwe umsele, kwaba nomthelela yokuthi ngo-1843 umkhaya wathuthela emzini ex-en-Provence.
Ngokubambisana nabalingani, uFrancois wakha inkampani ukuthi isebenzise amaphrojekthi. Umsebenzi waqala ukuthuthuka ngo-1847, kepha ubaba ka-Emil wathola ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu, abuhlungu futhi abulawa.
Ngawo lowo nyaka, umfana wanqunywa ebhodini lokugibela. Lapho, uhlangana nomdwebi wesikhathi esidumile waseFrance ngokubhala phansi - inkambu ye-Cezanne, ubungani nalo obuzoqhubeka iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-25. Kuba fan of desiture viktor Hugo no-Alfred de Mussse, uthola ukukhanyisa okungokwenkolo. Idolobha lase-Ex Nex ngeke liphinde liphendule emisebenzini kaZola ngaphansi kwegama elisunguliwe lePlassan.
Kodwa-ke, ngemva kokufa kukayise, umama uhlala engumfelokazi, uhlala emhlalaphansi, akwanele. Ngo-1852, kuphoqeleka ukuthi babuyele eParis ukubheka icala ababolekisi abaphikisana neqembu lomyeni osekupheleni. Ngenxa yokuqulwa kwenkantolo, inkampani yamukelwa njenge-ballrupt.
Ngokudumazeka okugcwele ngokwami ngo-18, u-Emil uza kuMama eParis, lapho impilo igcwele imingcele ngenxa yesimo sezinto ezibonakalayo. Umzamo wokwakha ummeli wesikhathi esizayo wawela, izivivinyo zeZola zehlulekile.
Into yokufunda
Ngemuva kwezivivinyo zokwehluleka, u-Emil uthole umsebenzi esitolo sezincwadi. Kusukela ngo-1862 wasebenza endlini yokushicilela ethi "Ashet". Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-4, uZola wanquma ukuqala ukubhala futhi enze lo msebenzi njengomthombo wemali etholwayo. Izinyathelo zomlobi wokuqala zaqala ngobuntatheli. Iqoqo lezindaba zokudumbuso laziveza ngo-1864 elibizwa ngeNingon Fairy Tales. Udumo lomlobi lwalungekude negumbi - unyaka kamuva, uFrance wabona inoveli yokuqala enyathelisiwe - "ukuvuma izono kaClaude", okwakuba yi-biofitor yangempela yombhali. Wenza uZola ethandwa.
Umsebenzi wempilo kwakuwukubhalwa kwenoveli engama-20-tomny "Roigon-Makcara", lapho akhuluma khona ngomndeni owodwa othile ngesikhathi sikaNapoleon 3 noMbuso wesibili waseFrance. U-Emil wabalwa ukushicilela amavolumu ayi-10 enoveli, kodwa ekugcineni kwawo, umsebenzi uqukethe amavolumu angama-20, aphumelela kakhulu kuwo waba "yiNtshonalanga" nelithi "I-ZELEMAL" enikezelwe ekilasini labasebenzi.
Enye inoveli, ebiphumelele kubafundi - "Dame injabulo", ibonisa ngokugcwele umbono lapho ubudlelwano bezentengiselwano bukhula ngokwengeziwe, lapho isifiso seklayenti sikhona. Izenzo zencwadi zithuthuka esitolo esibizwa nge- "Dame injabulo", kanye nezinhlamvu eziphambili, njengasezinsomo eziningi zombhali, zimpofu esifundazweni esijulile, zifinyelela ngokuzethemba.
Amaqhinga okuhweba, aqondakalayo esikhathini sethu, abe yincwadi yeSambulo ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Ukunakwa okukhethekile kukhokhwa kwabesifazane emisebenzini yombhali, ku-Novel "Dame Injabulo" akusikho okuhlukile: okuqinile, okungokwezifiso kanye nokuzimele kwabesilisa. Abagxeki bemibhalo bakholelwa ukuthi prototype wabalingiswa kwakungunina wombhali.
Emanobini omlobi, isimo sengqondo sobunxiwankulu obuncane abafuna iqiniso empilweni bayembulwa, kepha yonke imizamo ayisebenzi futhi yehlulekile. Ngakho-ke kwaba ngenguquko eguqukayo evela emsebenzini we- "mali", lapho abafundi bahlangane khona ngo-1891.
Inoveli ethi "uNana" yayithandwa kuphela eFrance. ERussia, wanyatheliswa ezincwadini ezintathu, kepha umbhalo womsebenzi wawungaphelele. Kwachazwa ukuvinjelwa kokucwaninga kwasebukhosini. I-heroine yokulandisa kwakuyintombazane u-Anna Kuoo, okuyisibonelo sikabani owaziwa kumlobi uKurtisanka Blanche D'antign.
Umqondo oyinhloko womjikelezo we-ruggon-makcara uyi-saga yomndeni, ukufaka esikhundleni izizukulwane, ngezikhathi ezithile nezinhlamvu ezintsha ezivelayo. Umqondo uwukuthi kusuka ku-Herity, amasiko nemindeni yomndeni akunakwenzeka ukuqeda.
U-Emil ZOL ngokuqhubekayo ovela emisebenzini ebhaliwe wawubandakanyeka kwezenhlalo nakwezepolitiki. Umsebenzi onesibindi nowokuzwela - ukushicilelwa "Ngisola", enyatheliswa njengempendulo yebhizinisi laseDrefus. Osaziwayo abaningi benziwa ohlangothini lwesikhulu, umJuda wobuzwe, owayesolwa ngokubukelwa ohlangothini lweJalimane. Iphoyisa laseFrance ligwetshwe udilikajele. U-Emil Zola wabuyisela ohlwini lwabantu abadumile baseFrance, abasekelayo.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Eminyakeni emisha, ngemuva kokufika umama waya eParis, u-Emil wahlangana no-Alexandrina MELE, isikhathi eside esaqhubeka nenkosikazi yombhali. Ukuxhumana nommeleli ophakathi nendawo sekuphenduke umphefumulo nomama wombhali - sína, ovelele, evelele, entekenteke futhi ngasikhathi sinye intombazane eqinile. Ngo-1870, u-Emil washada no-Alexandrine, kepha kwakukhona into eyodwa ethandekayo emndenini - izingane azange zenzeke ezinganeni.
Ngokwesimo esibi sekusasa, eminyakeni ethile kamuva, unkosikazi ubheka incekukazi eya kuZhanna, oba yinkosikazi kaZola. Isikhathi eside, umbhali wazama ukufihla ubudlelwano obenqatshelwe, ngenkathi enikeza intombazane esencane eneminyaka engama-20. Kepha lapho ingane yokuqala izalwa, ukugcina imfihlo akusayi.
U-Emil washada noJeane Row, umbhangqwana wayenengane yesibili. Umndeni omusha waletha umlobi ngentokozo nokuphefumlelwa ebukulini.
Ukushona
Umlobi ushone ku-62, ngenxa yobuthi be-carbon monoxide. Uhlobo olusemthethweni bekungukuwohloka endlini ye-chimney yomlilo. Ezinye izinhlelo zishicilele amazwi okugcina ka-Emil, ngesikhalazo kumkakhe ngempilo engeyinhle. Shayela udokotela wenqabile. Ukufa kwafika ngoSepthemba 29, 1902.
Abantu besikhathi somloli walowo mlobi babenezinsolo zokufa okungokwemvelo - ukubulala. Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-50, intatheli yaseFrance uJean Borel waphrinta uphenyo "nguZola abulawa?". Ushicilele izinsolo zokubulawa komuntu ngamabomu umlobi, lapho ambule khona ingxoxo yosokhemisi nepayipi, evumile ekungcoleni ngenhloso yokungcola ngenhloso ye-chimney ye-salla efulethini.
I-Bibliography
Kulolo hlu, ungabhala inani elikhulu lemibhalo: amanoveli, izindaba, imisebenzi yezemibhalo kanye nemiyalo yobuntatheli, kepha amanoveli afanela ukunakwa okukhethekile.
- Ngo-1865 - "ukuvuma izono kaClaude"
- Ngo-1866 - "Ukokhomba Wafa"
- Ngo-1867 - "Teresa Raken"
- Ngo-1867 - "Izimfihlo zeMarseille"
- Ngo-1868 - "Madelena Fera"
- Ngo-1871 - "Ama-Curning Rubs"
- Ngo-1873 - "Paris Paris"
- Ngo-1874 - "Won of Plassan"
- Ngo-1880 - "Nana"
- Ngo-1883 - "Dame injabulo"
- Ngo-1885 - "I-Germerinal"
- Ngo-1890 - "I-Man-Beast"
- Ngo-1891 - "Imali Yokunqoba"